What Is Diabetic Nephropathy?

What is diabetic nephropathy?

Diabetic nephropathy refers to kidney disease that occurs in people with diabetes. The kidneys help regulate the amount of fluids and salts in the body, which helps to control blood pressure and releases different types of hormones.
Nephropathy is the term used when the kidneys start to incur damage, which can ultimately lead to kidney failure. In this article, we look at the link between diabetes and kidney failure.
Contents of this article:
What is diabetic nephropathy?
Kidney problems are relatively common in people with diabetes. This is because diabetes affects the arteries in the body and the kidney filters blood from those arteries. It is estimated that around 40 percent of people who have type 2 diabetes develop nephropathy.
People with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes can be affected by nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is a significant cause of long-term kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which is when the kidneys no longer work well enough to meet the needs of daily life.
There are five stages of diabetic nephropathy, and ESRD is the last. Diabetic nephropathy is the most frequent cause of ESRD in the United States, with between 40 and 50 percent of all ESRD cases directly related to it. A person with ESRD will require dialysis.
Causes
Diabetic nephropathy is when the kidneys become leaky, allowing albumin (a protein made by the liver) to pass into the urine. The condition worsens as the level of albumin increases.
Diabetic nephropathy develops slowly and is more common in people who have had diabetes for 20 years or more.
Diabetic nephropathy is Continue reading

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Type 2 diabetes, socioeconomic status and life expectancy in Scotland (2012–2014): a population-based observational study

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the role of socioeconomic status (SES) in the associations between type 2 diabetes and life expectancy in a complete national population.
An observational population-based cohort study was performed using the Scottish Care Information – Diabetes database. Age-specific life expectancy (stratified by SES) was calculated for all individuals with type 2 diabetes in the age range 40–89 during the period 2012–2014, and for the remaining population of Scotland aged 40–89 without type 2 diabetes. Differences in life expectancy between the two groups were calculated.
Results were based on 272,597 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 2.75 million people without type 2 diabetes (total for 2013, the middle calendar year of the study period). With the exception of deprived men aged 80–89, life expectancy in people with type 2 diabetes was significantly reduced (relative to the type 2 diabetes-free population) at all ages and levels of SES. Differences in life expectancy ranged from −5.5 years (95% CI −6.2, −4.8) for women aged 40–44 in the second most-deprived quintile of SES, to 0.1 years (95% CI −0.2, 0.4) for men aged 85–89 in the most-deprived quintile of SES. Observed life-expectancy deficits in those with type 2 diabetes were generally greater in women than in men.
Type 2 diabetes is associated with reduced life expectancy at almost all ages and levels of SES. Elimination of life-expectancy deficits in individuals with type 2 diabetes will require prevention and management strategies targeted at all social strata ( Continue reading

Cinnamon for Diabetes control

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Cinnamon for diabetes can control glucose level by nourishing digestive system and effectively support glucose metabolism. Cinnamon is best suitable for obesity-related diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
Cinnamon (Cinnamomun zeylanicum) is a spice obtained from the inner bark of the tree of genus Cinnamomum, which is in use for both sweet and savory foods. Cinnamon trees are native to South-East Asia.
Traditionally used for blood sugar & cholesterol control and relieve digestive problems or improve appetite. Other names of cinnamon are Cassia, Cassia Cinnamon, Chinese Cinnamon, Rou Gui (Mandarin).
Cinnamon lower blood-sugar level
Cinnamon contains biologically active substances that have demonstrated insulin-mimetic properties. Cinnamon improves insulin-mediated glucose metabolism, enhances insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and helps glucose to glycogen conversion. Thus, cinnamon is considering as an anti-diabetic herb.
Cinnamon lower heart diseases and strokes risks
Cinnamon lowers blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure levels. Cinnamon lowers LDL cholesterol responsible for the plaque formation. Additionally, Cinnamon has antioxidant property, which helps prevent the LDL cholesterol oxidation, thus prevent inflammation of arteries and further plaque formation.
15 Medicinal Uses of Cinnamon
Cinnamon help maintains both healthy blood sugar and cholesterol levels. It remains a warming circulatory tonic, as well as a digestive aid to soothe upset stomach, gas, bloating and occasional indigestion.
Studies show cinnamon is useful for obesity-related diabetes as Continue reading

Can Cinnamon Help Fight Type 2 Diabetes?

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More than a cherished spice, cinnamon has been widely used for thousands of years as a natural remedy for a variety of ailments, including the silent killer — diabetes. In 2012, diabetes was the eighth leading cause of death in the world. In 2014, diabetes affected 422 million people worldwide — and half didn’t even know they had it. In honor of National Diabetes Awareness Month this November, we’re taking a look at the science behind cinnamon and whether or not it helps with Type 2 diabetes.
THE LINK BETWEEN CINNAMON AND DIABETES
Cinnamon compounds have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may play a role in reducing insulin resistance. This is primarily helpful for Type 2 diabetics who are insulin resistant but not for Type 1 diabetics who cannot produce enough insulin. (Cinnamon could become helpful for Type 1 diabetics if they become insulin resistant.) For this reason, we’re going to focus on Type 2 diabetes.
QUICK REVIEW: TYPE 2 DIABETES
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder in which the body cannot properly use glucose (aka sugar). If not managed properly, this can cause a buildup of glucose in the blood and lead to serious health problems down the line.
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas — the organ that regulates blood sugar — produces a lot of insulin, but the body doesn’t respond to it. The cells become insulin resistant.
Think of insulin as a gatekeeper. After you eat a slice of bread, the carbohydrates are digested into glucose (and other nutrients), which are then sent into the bloodstream so that tissues can use these n Continue reading

U.S. FDA approves new diabetes drug from Merck and Pfizer

(Reuters) - A new drug developed by Merck & Co and Pfizer Inc won U.S. approval on Wednesday to treat type II diabetes, the Food and Drug Administration said, adding another competitor to a growing class of treatments.
The oral drug, known generically as ertugliflozin, will be sold under the brand name Steglatro and compete with AstraZeneca Plc’s Farxiga, Johnson & Johnson’s Invokana and Eli Lilly and Boehringer Ingelheim’s Jardiance.
All four drugs belong to a class known as SGLT2 inhibitors, which work by causing patients to expel excess glucose through urine.
Merck and Pfizer won approval for Steglatro as a single therapy and in fixed-dose combinations with Merck’s diabetes drug Januvia or with metformin, an older generic treatment typically given to newly diagnosed patients. Those will carry the brand names Steglujan and Segluromet, respectively.
The approvals and prescribing information were listed on the FDA and Merck websites.
FILE PHOTO: The Pfizer logo is seen at their world headquarters in New York, U.S. April 28, 2014. REUTERS/Andrew Kelly/File Photo
The companies, in an emailed statement, said they expect to make the medicines available in early 2018. Under the collaboration Merck, which already has a sizable diabetes sales force, will sell the drug in the United States.
As type II diabetes progresses, many patients need additional treatments to better control blood sugar levels.
Januvia is the top-selling drug in a class known as DPP-4 inhibitors. The combination with ertugliflozin will compete with combination products from rivals, including Eli Lilly� Continue reading