
One Test May Spot Cancer, Infections, Diabetes and More
One Test May Spot Cancer, Infections, Diabetes and More
Researchers are starting to diagnose more ailments using DNA fragments found in the blood
Along with red blood cells, white blood cells and a panoply of hormones, every drop of your blood contains tiny shards of DNA spewed out of various cells in your body as they die. Recent massive increases in the speed and efficiency of the instruments used to analyze these fragments of genetic information have led to some impressive advances in the development of so-called cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testsparticularly when it comes to prenatal testing of a developing fetus. But the best may yet be to come.
Whenever cells die for one reason for another, theyll release DNA into the blood, says Kun Zhang, professor of bioengineering at the University of California, San Diego. If you can recognize where they come from, there are multiple possibilities to detect the damage in different parts of the body. Because cfDNA tests only require a simple blood draw, they may one day greatly improve a physicians ability to diagnose a wide range of illnesses at their earliest stages, when they are often easier to treat. They could also reduce the need for painful biopsies to monitor the health of a new organ after a transplant. In the words of one researcher, cfDNA could become the ultimate molecular stethoscope that opens up a whole new way of practicing medicinein much the same way that the acoustic stethoscope forever changed diagnostic opportunities after its introduction in the 1800s.
The first commercial application of cfDNA sequencing deb
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