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Genetic Association Of Waist-to-Hip Ratio With Cardiometabolic Traits, Type 2 Diabetes, And Coronary Heart Disease

Genetic Association of Waist-to-Hip Ratio With Cardiometabolic Traits, Type 2 Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease

Genetic Association of Waist-to-Hip Ratio With Cardiometabolic Traits, Type 2 Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease


Assumptions of a Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Genetic variants, which are assigned at birth and largely randomly assorted in a population, can be used as instrumental variables to estimate the causal association of an exposure (eg, waist-to-hip ratio [WHR] adjusted for body mass index [BMI]) with an outcome of interest (eg, coronary heart disease). This approach rests on 3 assumptions. First, the genetic variants must be associated with the exposure (assumption 1). Second, the genetic variants must not be associated with confounders (assumption 2). Third, the genetic variants must influence risk of the outcome through the exposure and not through other pathways (assumption 3). Mendelian randomization can be extended to estimate the association of exposure with outcome that is mediated by a given a mediator (eg, triglycerides).
A polygenic score of 48 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was used as an instrument to estimate the causal association of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) adjusted for body mass index (BMI) with cardiometabolic quantitative traits, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease; sources of data for analysis included the UK Biobank and publicly available genome-wide association studies. CARDIOGRAMplusC4D indicates Coronary Artery DIsease Genome-wide Replication and Meta-analysis plus the Coronary Artery Disease Genetics Consortium 11 ; CKDGen, Chronic Kidney Disease Genetics Consortium 12 ; DIAGRAM, Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-analysis 13 ; GIANT, Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits 14 , 15 ; GLGC, Global Lipids Genetics Consortium 16 Continue reading

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Diabetes: How to spot the signs before it’s too late

Diabetes: How to spot the signs before it’s too late

Sometimes the hustle and bustle of life distract us so much that we can’t see the signs our bodies give us about the condition of our health, especially with diseases like diabetes at an all-time high in this country. I know this to be true because there have been times that I’ve worn myself down by ignoring what my body was trying to tell me and I’d become sick for weeks at a time. In the midst of getting things done and being a “boss” too many people let their health decline; sometimes to the point of no return.
I have been dealing with a diabetic mother for a long time now. There are good days and not so good days. I can gauge the seriousness of her condition daily based on the signs, but it was not always like that. When she was first diagnosed with the autoimmune disease (type 2 diabetes) about 12 years ago, there were a lot of scary trips to the hospital and a lot of days not knowing what to expect next. Take it from me that it’s true you become a kind of “expert” about a disease when faced with it personally. That’s why knowing what to look for is so important. It can literally be the difference between life and death.
So here are some tips on knowing the signs of type 2 diabetes so that you can better manage, maintain and deal with it.
Know Your Family History
This is a key component of knowing the signs. Due to genes, people are predisposed for certain types of diseases, just like they can be predisposed for certain body types. Having an understanding of where the disease falls in your family, if at all, is a great start because it will give you a Continue reading

The Ultimate Guide How To Lower Your Risks Of Gestational Diabetes

The Ultimate Guide How To Lower Your Risks Of Gestational Diabetes


The Ultimate Guide How To Lower Your Risks Of Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar which develops during pregnancy.It usually disappears after giving birth. Gestational diabetes can appear at any stage of gestation but is more common in the second half. It affects about 6 percent of all pregnant women.
Gestational diabetes is the result of changes that occur in all women during pregnancy. The increased levels of hormones such as cortisol, estrogen, and human placental lactogen, can interfere with your bodys ability to manage blood sugar. This condition is known as insulin resistance.
Usually, your pancreas can compensate for insulin resistance by increasing insulin production to about three times the average amount. If your pancreas cannot adequately increase insulin production to overcome the effect of increased hormones, your blood sugar levels will increase and cause gestational diabetes.
Gestational diabetes usually doesnt cause any symptoms. It mostly comes to light when the doctor tests your blood sugar level during screening for gestational diabetes. The symptoms may show up if your blood sugar level gets too high (hyperglycemia).
The symptoms may include increased thirst, a dry mouth, tiredness, and need to use the toilet more often than usual. But some of these symptoms are normal during pregnancy. They arent certainlya sign of a problem. So talk to your midwife or doctor if youre worried about any symptoms youre experiencing.
Risks of having a giant baby.If you have high blood glucose levels, it can cause high blood glucose levels Continue reading

10 diabetes superfoods

10 diabetes superfoods


People whose diets include large amounts of nuts put on less weight than those that do not. Weight loss can help to reduce blood sugars.
Add crushed walnuts to yogurt, oats, or salad.
Make a trail mix treat with walnuts, pumpkin seeds, and dark chocolate chips.
Avocados are a good source of healthy fats and vitamins.
The avocado is the only fruit that is a good source of healthy fat. Avocados also provide about 20 different vitamins and minerals, and are especially high in potassium , vitamins C, E, and K, lutein, and beta-carotene .
Eating foods that contain healthy fats may help increase fullness. Eating fat slows the digestion of carbohydrates, which helps to keep blood sugar levels more stable.
Avocado is high in fiber too, with half a fruit containing 6-7 grams. According to the Department of Internal Medicine and Nutritional Sciences Program of the University of Kentucky, high fiber intake is associated with a significantly lower risk for diabetes .
Eating high-fiber foods can also reduce blood pressure and cholesterol levels, improve weight loss, and make insulin more efficient.
Spread avocado on toast in the morning instead of butter.
Use avocado instead of mayonnaise in chicken or egg salad.
Ezekiel bread is one of the healthiest types of bread as it contains less processed ingredients.
Ezekiel bread and other sprouted grain breads are less processed than standard white and whole wheat bread.
The grains in Ezekiel bread are soaked and sprouted, allowing for higher protein and nutrient content.
Bread made from sprouted grains tends to contain more B v Continue reading

The Impact of Thiamine Treatment in the Diabetes Mellitus

The Impact of Thiamine Treatment in the Diabetes Mellitus


The Impact of Thiamine Treatment in the Diabetes Mellitus
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The Impact of Thiamine Treatment in the Diabetes Mellitus
Khanh vinh quoc Luong and Lan Thi Hoang Nguyen
Thiamine acts as a coenzyme for transketolase (Tk) and for the pyruvate dehydrogenase and -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes, enzymes which play a fundamental role for intracellular glucose metabolism. The relationship between thiamine and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported in the literature. Thiamine levels and thiamine-dependent enzyme activities have been reduced in DM. Genetic studies provide opportunity to link the relationship between thiamine and DM (such as Tk, SLC19A2 gene, transcription factor Sp1, -1-antitrypsin, and p53). Thiamine and its derivatives have been demonstrated to prevent the activation of the biochemical pathways (increased flux through the polyol pathway, formation of advanced glycation end-products, activation of protein kinase C, and increased flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway) induced by hyperglycemia in DM.Thiamine definitively has a role in the diabetic endothelial vascular diseases (micro and macroangiopathy), lipid p Continue reading

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