
Cell-Centered: Scientists Embrace Cell-Replacement Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes
Cell-Centered: Scientists Embrace Cell-Replacement Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes
A century ago, type 1 diabetes was a death sentence. Now, its a daily struggle. When blood sugar soars, diabetics risk damage to their eyes, kidneys, and nerves. And when blood sugar dips too low, vital organs like the heart and brain shut down, leading to lightheadedness or even coma.
Normally, the pancreas regulates blood sugar. A special population of cells, known as beta cells, make insulin, which helps the body soak up excess blood sugar after a meal. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system kills these cells. To compensate, patients inject themselves with insulin and check their blood sugar levels before and after meals.
Its a stressful task, though recent advances have helped. The major insulin makers including Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, and Eli Lilly offer slow- and fast-acting insulins to help patients control their blood sugar throughout the day. And in 2016, the FDA approved the first artificial pancreas, a device that combines a blood sugar monitor and an insulin pump to automatically give patients the dose of insulin that they need.
These treatments aim to make up for the loss of beta cells. But a group of scientists has another solution: put the beta cells back in. The idea may sound too simple to be true, but its already yielded promising results and could free type 1 diabetics from having to inject insulin.
What we would like to put back into diabetic patients is not just the hormone insulin, we would love to put back the beta cells, said Matthias Hebrok, Ph.D., director of the
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