![[thermogenesis From The Breakdown Of A Ketogenic Diet In An Experimental Model Using Swine].](https://diabetestalk.net/images/.jpg)
[thermogenesis From The Breakdown Of A Ketogenic Diet In An Experimental Model Using Swine].
Abstract A respiration calorimetry experiment with 10 matures sows was conducted to study the effect of a ketogenic diet on heat production and energy utilization. The ketogenic diet contained no carbohydrates and 85% of its energy as fat. The control diet was a mixed diet with most of its energy as carbohydrates. Both diets provided the same daily protein intake, which was slightly below the calculated protein requirement. The level of energy intake was adjusted to a moderate positive energy balance. Both diets were allocated to the same animal for three weeks each according to a crossover design. Seven-day collection periods and 48-hours measurements of the gaseous exchange (carbon-nitrogen balance method) were conducted on individual sows per diet. The ketogenic diet substantially increased the energy losses in faeces, which resulted in a energy digestibility of 75% compared to 93% with the mixed diet. The methane production was also significantly depressed. In contrast, the urine energy excretion was not influenced by the extremely high fat diet. The nitrogen balance showed lower faecal nitrogen losses and a higher urine nitrogen excretion in the animals with the high fat diet. Because of this compensative response no difference in nitrogen retention was observed between the two dietary treatments. The ketogenic diet caused no detrimental effects on thermogenesis or energy utilization. The results of both criteria could be fully explained by the well accepted ideas of the efficiency of utilization of the energy from fat under balanced nutrition conditions. Overall the results demonstrate that a high fat diet has no regulatory effect on the usually diet-induced thermogenesis. Continue reading >>
What Is "thermogenesis"?
Also known as the thermic effect of food, dietary thermogenesis (DIT: diet-induced thermogenesis) is the process of energy production in the body caused directly by the metabolizing of food consumed (thermē is Greek for heat and genesis for creation). DIT rate is influenced by our body’s physical state, the energy content (or calories) of the food we consume, the macro-nutrient composition our food. Although DIT constitutes 5-15 percent (the smallest component) of total daily energy expenditure from a mixed diet of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, it plays an important role in the development and maintenance of obesity. Thermogenesis Explained Protein is one of the primary factors in determining dietary thermogenesis. It is also the most significant influencing macronutrient in determining dietary satiety, or a feeling of fullness from eating. Therefore, the researchers suggest, protein is pivotal in regulating body weight because of its key role in dietary thermogenesis–related satiety. Brown Adipose Tissue Brown adipose tissue is like fat tissue except that it also possesses a thermogenic property: That is, it can take the energy from food and convert it into heat. About 5 percent of the body tissue of human infants is brown adipose, but this number decreases as a person ages, contributing to a decrease in dietary thermogenesis. Why is thermogenesis important for weight loss? Thermogenesis plays an important role in regulating body weight. “Our weight depends on two key factors: food taken in, and energy put out. In the energy side of that equation, thermogenesis is one of the three main components, along with basal metabolic rate and physical activity. Thermogenesis accounts for all energy expended in the resting state above and beyond your basal metabolic ra Continue reading >>
5 Reasons To Use Mct Oil For Ketosis
Medium chain triglycerides (MCT’s) are unique fatty acids that are found naturally in coconut and palm oils. They have a remarkable ability to stabilize blood sugar and enhance ketone body production. This process makes MCT’s a powerful tool to reduce inflammation, improve metabolism and enhance cognitive function. The term “medium” is in reference to the length of the chain of fatty acids. Oils can have short, medium or long chains. Most oils are a combination of short, medium and long chain fatty acids. Medium chain fatty acids by definition are fatty acids that contain between 6 and 12 carbon chains (1). These include: C6 – Caproic Acid C8 – Caprylic Acid C10 – Capric Acid C12 – Lauric Acid MCTs Are Easily Digested: MCTs are easily digested and do not require the production and utilization of bile. Most fatty acids depend upon bile salt emulsification in order to be metabolized and absorbed. The production of bile is an energy dependent process that takes place in the liver. The body stores extra bile in the gallbladder to use for high fat meals. Individuals with a sluggish liver and gallbladder struggle to produce adequate bile. Other individuals who struggle with malnutrition or malabsorption syndromes can easily absorb and utilize these MCTs (2). This includes people with pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis & Crohn’s disease among others. MCTs have a slightly lower caloric effect than typical long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). LCFAs have 9 calories per gram while MCTs have 8.3 calories per gram (3). How MCTs Work: The mitochondria are small organs within your cells that are responsible for producing all the energy needed by your tissues. Fatty acids produce energy in the mitochondria but are dependent upon the L-carnitine compound in order for entry. MCTs Continue reading >>
Ketosis And Athletic Performance: More Than Fat Loss
The above video is a presentation by Peter Attia, M.D. His talk is somewhat technical, but I always write blog posts hoping 20,000 people will *love* them, not that 1,000,000 will *like* them. In this presentation, you will learn (in my words, not Pete’s): – More about nutrition than most MDs learn in med school. – How ketosis-adapted performance can aid fat loss and high-altitude resilience. – Why the calorie estimates on treadmills and stationary bikes are complete BS. – The three primary systems of energy production and basic organic chemistry, both of which aid understanding of all athletics. Even if you struggle a little with vocabulary, the first 30 minutes are well worth watching a few times. This talk made me immediately want to jump back on the Cyclical (or “Cyclic”) Ketogenic Diet (CKD), which was conceptually introduced to me in 1996-1998 by the writing of Lyle McDonald, Dr. Mauro Di Pasquale, and the late Dan Duchaine. It’s incredible for simultaneous fat loss and lean muscle gain, though perhaps needlessly complicated for non-athletes. I usually limited the carb-reloading period to 12-18 hours after a glycogen depletion workout on Saturdays, though I experimented with moderate Wed night carb-ups while training for sports like kickboxing. If you’ve experimented with ketosis, what was your approach and experience? Pros and cons? For additional reading, I suggest the following posts by Dr. Attia: ### Odds and Ends: This week, I’m using my birthday to change the world with @charitywater. Please click here to take a look. You could do the same. Please check out Tribe of Mentors, my newest book, which shares short, tactical life advice from 100+ world-class performers. Many of the world's most famous entrepreneurs, athletes, investors, poker p Continue reading >>
A Guide To Ketosis
Here is the guide to ketosis. The contents of this article can be located here. If you're currently wondering what on earth ketosis even is, then you're in luck for I plan not only to befuddle but also to enlighten. All you have to do is read on. I've personally had fantastic results on keto, and I really believe in the validity of this diet - not only in terms of fat-loss, but also in terms of health-gain. There is a lot of understandable skepticism and tons of misconceptions about keto; I want to let newcomers know, however surprising it may be, that keto (or at least a diet low in grains/sugars and high in fats) is a very healthy diet with numerous benefits. This guide is very long so I've partitioned this post into subsections. The links contained within the contents are 'clickable' and will transport you directly to that section. You can also right click and select "copy link address" of a particular section/section title, and you can either bookmark it so that you can return to a specific section easily or you can give the link to a friend if you want them to read a particular section. If you want to return to the contents of the page simply click on the 'upwards' arrows that are next to each of the section titles within the main article. Contents I. Why You Should Care About Ketosis: The Benefits of a Ketogenic Diet 1A. Ketosis Increases Neuronal Stabilization and Mental Focus 1B. Ketosis Promotes the Loss of Body-Fat and LDL Cholesterol 1C. Ketosis Eliminates Various Ailments such as Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension 1D. Ketosis Treats Several Diseases such as Alzheimer's and Various Cancers 1E. Ketosis Promotes Cardiovascular Health 1F. Ketosis Preserves Lean-Body Mass 1G. One Will Lose Body-fat More Quickly on Keto Than Not 1H. Ketosis Blunts Appetite and Incre Continue reading >>
Ketogenic Diet – Good Or Bad?
The Ketogenic Diet is based on a very low carbohydrate intake and a very high fat intake. When you do this it puts your body in ketosis, which is a state in which your body burns fat, rather than carbohydrates for fuel. The Ketogenic Diets guidelines insist for a ratio of four grams of fat for every one gram of protein or carbohydrate. The Ketogenic diet shoots for near-zero carbs and is normally around 10-15 grams of carbs a day. That amount of carbs equals 10-15 grapes… for a whole day. While the carbs are very low, the fat is very high. The diet varies in proportion of protein but is generally low. You can eat a small amount of protein- meat, poultry, fish, seafood, eggs. A large amount of high-fat foods- avocado, oils, nuts and nut butters, bacon, egg yolks, butter, and cheese. And also a small amount of low carbohydrate vegetables- leafy greens, brassicas, asparagus, cucumber, celery, tomatoes, peppers, mushrooms, and zucchini. You cannot eat most dairy (except high-fat items like butter and certain cheeses), fruit, grains, beans & legumes, starchy vegetables, slightly sweet vegetables, most processed foods (except pork rinds). Pros The main reason people go on the Ketogenic Diet is to lose weight. Ketosis may help you improve your body composition because your body burns fat in ketosis. It also increases thermogenesis- the amount of calories you burn daily. If you eat less calories, your body will burn stored body fat, not just fat from food. It reduces insulin levels and decreases insulin resistance. Ketogenic Diets were originally created for epilepsy management because ketosis produces an aid in controlling seizures. The brain normally runs on glucose, which is derived from carbohydrates, so because involves less carbohydrates it may induce a change in brain Continue reading >>
Ketosis
Not to be confused with Ketoacidosis. Ketosis is a metabolic state in which some of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis in which blood glucose provides energy. Ketosis is a result of metabolizing fat to provide energy. Ketosis is a nutritional process characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 mM, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose.[1][2] It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides[3]). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate,[4] and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon.[5] Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder. Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet (ketogenic diet), and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for various conditions, such as intractable epilepsy, and the various types of diabetes.[6] In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed.[5][7] For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's "fat burning" mode.[8] Ketosis and ketoacidosis are similar, but ketoacidosis is an acute life-threatening state requiring prompt medical intervention while ketosis can be physiological. However, there are situations (such as treatment-resistant Continue reading >>
Ketosis – Advantaged Or Misunderstood State? (part Ii)
When I wrote part I of this post, I naively assumed this would only be a two-part series. However, so many great questions and comments emerged from the discussion that I realize it’s worth spending much more time on this important and misunderstood topic. In terms of setting expectations, I suspect this series will require at least four parts, after which I hope to get back to finishing up The Straight Dope on Cholesterol series. So, back to the topic at hand…. (You may want to read or maybe reread part I for a biochemistry refresher before diving into part II.) Is there a “metabolic advantage” to being in ketosis? Few topics in the nutrition blogosphere generate so much vitriolic rhetoric as this one, and for reasons I can’t understand. I do suspect part of the issue is that folks don’t understand the actual question. I’ve used the term “metabolic advantage” because that’s so often what folks write, but I’m not sure it has a uniform meaning, which may be part of the debate. I think what folks mean when they argue about this topic is fat partitioning, but that’s my guess. To clarify the macro question, I’ve broken the question down into more well-defined chunks. Does ketosis increase energy expenditure? I am pretty sure when the average person argues for or against ketosis having a “metabolic advantage” what they are really arguing is whether or not, calorie-for-calorie, a person in ketosis has a higher resting energy expenditure. In other words, does a person in ketosis expend more energy than a person not in ketosis because of the caloric composition of what they consume/ingest? Let me save you a lot of time and concern by offering you the answer: The question has not been addressed sufficiently in a properly controlled trial and, at bes Continue reading >>
How To Increase Fat Burning During Ketosis
Ketosis is also known as the body's process for generating energy by producing ketones when insufficient carbohydrates are available in the diet. In other words, a low-carb diet is called ketogenic because it forces the body to use fat for energy. Ketosis is a very effective means of burning fat, but there are certain techniques for increasing fat-burning through exercise and nutrition. How many carbs should you eat per day? When is the best time to eat them? What kinds of carbs are best? And what natural supplements prevent muscle loss caused by extreme ketogenic diets? Follow a few basic rules to answer these questions and achieve your fat-burning goals. Video of the Day Take in 30 to 50 g of carbohydrates per day, depending on your individual metabolism. Typically, this carb-depletion phase lasts five days and is followed by two days of carb-loading. For example, having 100 to 200 g of carbs per day for two days. This carb-cycling strategy helps to prevent dieting plateaus in which the body stops burning fat in response to what it perceives as starvation. Stack your carbohydrates around your workouts. Carbs are needed for two reasons: muscle recovery and energy. One good strategy is to take in half of your carbs before your workout and the other half after. Some people choose to take all of them before or after. Either way, taking in your carbohydrates in the morning will allow the body to switch into ketosis during the day, burning more fat. Limit resistance training workouts to 60 minutes to control cortisol levels. The stress hormone cortisol, part of the fight-or-flight response, slows down fat-burning and metabolizes muscle tissue. After about an hour of training, muscle-building hormones plummet, and cortisol increases significantly. Sometimes, training harder Continue reading >>
Ketogenic Low-carbohydrate Diets Have No Metabolic Advantage Over Nonketogenic Low-carbohydrate Diets1,2,3
Abstract Background:Low-carbohydrate diets may promote greater weight loss than does the conventional low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. Objective:We compared weight loss and biomarker change in adults adhering to a ketogenic low-carbohydrate (KLC) diet or a nonketogenic low-carbohydrate (NLC) diet. Design:Twenty adults [body mass index (in kg/m2): 34.4 ± 1.0] were randomly assigned to the KLC (60% of energy as fat, beginning with ≈5% of energy as carbohydrate) or NLC (30% of energy as fat; ≈40% of energy as carbohydrate) diet. During the 6-wk trial, participants were sedentary, and 24-h intakes were strictly controlled. Results:Mean (±SE) weight losses (6.3 ± 0.6 and 7.2 ± 0.8 kg in KLC and NLC dieters, respectively; P = 0.324) and fat losses (3.4 and 5.5 kg in KLC and NLC dieters, respectively; P = 0.111) did not differ significantly by group after 6 wk. Blood β-hydroxybutyrate in the KLC dieters was 3.6 times that in the NLC dieters at week 2 (P = 0.018), and LDL cholesterol was directly correlated with blood β-hydroxybutyrate (r = 0.297, P = 0.025). Overall, insulin sensitivity and resting energy expenditure increased and serum γ-glutamyltransferase concentrations decreased in both diet groups during the 6-wk trial (P < 0.05). However, inflammatory risk (arachidonic acid:eicosapentaenoic acid ratios in plasma phospholipids) and perceptions of vigor were more adversely affected by the KLC than by the NLC diet. Conclusions:KLC and NLC diets were equally effective in reducing body weight and insulin resistance, but the KLC diet was associated with several adverse metabolic and emotional effects. The use of ketogenic diets for weight loss is not warranted. Continue reading >>
Thermogenesis – Not So Good For Health – Ron Rosedale
Ron Rosedale, there are about a thousand ways that a person can look at health research and a thousand details to check. It’s so confusing. To understand how we work and how our metabolism works, what if we start by figuring out what questions to ask? RON ROSEDALE: – Sorting through confusion—that’s really the way to go. Number one is to ask the right questions. If you don’t ask the right questions, you’re never going to get a useful answer. That’s why, for instance, in my blog on the “safe starch” debate, I posed four questions that really to me summarize what the debate is about, and then I answered them. People often ask the wrong questions, and so they keep getting answers that create a wild goose chase, or bad information. Getting the questions right – that’s a major key. When it comes to questions, and what “kind of animal” are we, I’m thinking about the recent debates about metabolism. One question that few people ask is, “What’s the point of seeking a high metabolism? Instead, most people simply assume that a higher metabolism is a better one. For instance, in discussions of the recent Harvard study regarding the merits of high carb/low fat, versus other ways to eat, many experts and reporters focused on how many calories the test subjects burned. As background, in the Harvard Study, people ate one of three ways. Two were higher in carbs. The third was high in protein and fat and lower in carbs. ALL the people were fed a deficit of calories that meant they lost weight, and then they were returned to a weight-stable level of calories, but rotated throughout the three different kinds of diets, keeping the calories the same on each diet. The researchers measured plenty – inflammatory markers, hormone signaling, and so on. What many Continue reading >>
Silicon Valley’s *completely Natural* Secret To More Energy & Better Focus
You might already be doing it and not even know it. While biohacking may sound like something unnatural and painful that should only be conducted in a science lab, it’s actually quite the opposite. You see, humans have been biohacking forever—experimenting with diet and lifestyle in order to look and feel our best. It’s just that recently, someone assigned a name to it, and a very die-hard group of high-achieving practitioners have given it momentum (we’re looking at you, Silicon Valley). Bio-hacking is simple: a way of understanding the way the systems of your body run and how certain things like food, water, exercise, and sleep affect these systems so that you can become the best version of yourself. Something as simple as a standing desk can be considered biohacking (said to improve posture, muscle recovery, and mental focus), but other practices that have developed over the years are, shall we say, a bit more extreme. Intrigued? Us, too. Read on for some of the top ways biohackers are slowly but surely becoming superhumans. Cold thermogenesis A more DIY everyday version of chryotherapy, cold thermogenesis (aka freezing your booty off in the shower) is thought to have a bevy of health benefits, from burning a higher amount of calories throughout the day, to improved mental clarity and focus, to quicker muscle recovery, balanced hormones, and better sleep. There’s a couple ways to tap into these benefits: 1) sitting in a bath filled with ice; 2) dunking your face in a bowl of ice (the vagus nerve in your face is connected to the nervous system throughout the body); 3) chugging ice-cold water; or 4) 30 blissful seconds under freezing-cold water in the shower, followed by 30 seconds of warm water, 30 of cold, etc. Pick your poison—we mean, practice—of choi Continue reading >>
Tips For Burning More Fat With Cold Thermogenesis (and Why Icing Really Does Work).
As I write today’s post, I have just finished my usual 5 minute morning cold shower, followed by 10 minutes of morning yoga in my chilly backyard – and I’m currently wearing a cool fat burner vest. I may be no Wim Hof (the “Iceman”, who is pictured above and featured in videos like this), but this type of cold exposure has become a morning ritual for me, and I typically do it in a fasted state – trying to accumulate at least 45-60 minutes of “goose bumps” in the AM. Compared to doing a rigorous morning workout in a fasted state, this kind of cold thermogenesis achieves a similar fat burning effect, but is less stressful on my body and joints than exercise – and let’s face it: I can’t exactly write this article while I’m riding a bike, but I certainly can while wearing an ice-packed vest. And lately, my chilly adventures don’t stop with morning cold exposure… Later today, following my afternoon workout, I’ll go shut down post-workout inflammation and rapidly cool my core by jumping in the nearby 56 degree Spokane river for a 15-20 minute soak while I catch up on my daily dose of NPR’s “Science Friday” podcast. So why do I expose my body to this kind of treatment, and what are the benefits? You’re about to find out, see 3 things I’ve been using to enhance cold thermogenesis, and also get a glimpse into why the argument that “icing doesn’t work” is complete bunk. If you listened to my interview with Jack Kruse about cold thermogenesis, then you know that we discussed a host of benefits from frequent cold exposure done the right way, such as: Lowering body fat Increasing hormone levels Improving sexual performance and fertility Lowering blood sugar Cutting food cravings Improving adrenal function Fixing thyroid issues Enhancing Continue reading >>
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2 Shredded By Beast Helped Me Lose 10% Body Fat!
I’m writing this review whilst on the train sipping my mix of 2 Shredded. I’m approximately 3 weeks into the tub and so far I think it’s one of the best products I’ve ever tried. 2017 update: I still to this day take 2 Shredded and my body fat percentage is significantly lower at around 15% (it was around 25% when I first starting supplementing with 2 Shredded!). I still highly, highly recommend it and there’s a link to purchase it at the bottom of this review if you want to take your fat burning capabilities to the next level! My #1 most recommended thermogenic supplement 2 Shredded Effectiveness – 9.5/10 The first thing I’ll mention about 2 Shredded is that I use this supplement a little differently to the recommendations. The instructions are to mix 1 scoop in a huge amount of water and down it. Personally I use 1.5 scoops and I fill my large shaker to sip slowly throughout the day. This has the advantages of providing stable energy, thermogenesis and fat burning throughout the day without the jitters or afternoon crash. Energy I wouldn’t recommend trying to use 2 Shredded as a pre-workout supplement. There are much more effective PWO’s for similar price. I find to get optimal use of 2 Shredded I take my usual PWO first thing in the morning, get my work out done and use 2 Shredded as a matter of energy sustenance throughout the day. This was especially helpful throughout the induction phase of ketosis, ie. becoming keto-adapted, as during this process your body has no carbohydrate for fuel and hasn’t switched to using ketones yet either. So whilst running on empty, 2 Shredded’s stimulation of the central nervous system was welcome, as is the boost to my fat burning capabilities. After all, the point is to get shredded, right? Thermogenesis As a Continue reading >>
Water Fasting Ketosis Is Where The Fat Burn Heaven Begins
In this guide, you will learn everything you need to know about water fasting ketosis. I'll explain how water fasting can help you reach your absolute highest possible fat burn rates, which is easily the single biggest benefit of ketosis. You'll also see the science on how long it actually takes before you can enter ketosis during a water fast. You'll also learn about one of the most dangerous problems of water fasting ketosis. I'll also tell you why it is a very good idea to avoid one of the most common mistakes people make once they already reach ketosis during a water fast. Now that you know what you're getting yourself into, here's a quick overview of everything that's covered in this guide: The single biggest benefit of water fasting ketosis Simply put, ketosis is a state where you get to enjoy your absolutely highest possible fat burn rates. If you're on your regular diet, your body can draw energy from a couple of different sources (so not just from your body fat reserves). Those other, non-fat energy sources are the main reason why your fat burn rates stay on the low end, even if you start eating less food. But during a water fast, because you're eating no food at all, those other energy sources in your body will be completely wiped out after a while. Once that happens, your body will enter full ketosis, and in that state of full ketosis, your body will have no choice but to rely almost exclusively on your body fat reserves. With no other energy sources available, ketosis will trigger some pretty amazing fat burn rates in your body. Water fasting is one of the fastest ways to reach that state of super high fat burn. And a lot of people do a water fast just for this reason. There's only one problem with reaching ketosis through water fasting. PRO TIP: A different Continue reading >>
