Correctly Coding: Diabetes Mellitus
When selecting International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), diagnostic codes, accuracy is important when describing the patient’s true health. A joint effort between the healthcare provider and the coder/biller is essential to achieve complete and accurate documentation, code assignment, and reporting of diagnoses and procedures. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most inaccurately coded chronic conditions. Many billers/coders/providers are missing opportunities to show which patients are sicker and are at a higher risk. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the complexity of diabetes coding require a solid understanding of the ICD-10 coding guidelines to ensure accurate code assignment. These diagnosis codes are also used in determining the eligible population for the Comprehensive Diabetes Care quality measure and the threshold the member is held to in order to be in control for the Controlling High Blood Pressure quality measure. ICD-10 Category E11* Diabetes Mellitus: Tips on How to Code using ICD-10 Codes Diabetes Mellitus is an HCC (Hierarchical Condition Category) The diabetes mellitus codes are combination codes that include: 1. The type of diabetes mellitus 2. The body system(s) affected 3. The complications affecting the body system(s) When coding diabetes mellitus, you should use as many codes from categories E08-E13* as necessary to describe all of the complications and associated conditions of the disease. These categories are listed below: ICD-10 Code Category ICD-10 Description Note: E08* Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition Code first the underlying condition Use additional code to identify any insulin use E09* Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus Code first poisoning due to drug or toxin, if applicable Use addi Continue reading >>
Search Page 1/20: Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
E11.0 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperosmolarity... E11.00 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperosmolarity... E11.01 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperosmolarity... E11.1 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis E11.10 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis wi... E11.11 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis wi... E11.2 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with kidney complica... E11.21 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephro... E11.22 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic chroni... E11.29 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with other diabetic ... E11.3 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic comp... E11.31 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with unspecified dia... E11.311 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with unspecified dia... E11.319 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with unspecified dia... E11.32 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild nonprolife... E11.321 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild nonprolife... E11.3211 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild nonprolife... E11.3212 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild nonprolife... E11.3213 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild nonprolife... E11.3219 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild nonprolife... E11.329 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild nonprolife... E11.3291 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild nonprolife... E11.3292 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild nonprolife... E11.3293 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild nonprolife... E11.3299 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild nonprolife... E11.33 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with moderate nonpro... E11.331 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with moderate nonpro... E11.3311 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with moderate nonpro... E11.3312 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with moderate nonpro... E11.3313 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with moderate nonpro... E11.3319 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with moderate nonpro... E11.339 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with modera Continue reading >>
- 5 Things You Need to Know About Insulin-Dependent Diabetes & Illness
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Youth With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Dealing With Diabetes Coding Dilemmas
Patricia Maccariella-Hafey, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P By now, the September CCS/CCS-P exams have come and gone. I hope that those of you who took the exams were successful! We are ready to prepare for the upcoming exams in 2003. We will update you on future dates and/or Web access to exams in a future column. In this issue, we are going to concentrate on diabetes coding issues. This can be troublesome for both the inpatient and outpatient coders, regardless of setting. Physician documentation has a lot to do with the difficulty in the coding of this diagnosis. We will start with some important concepts, Coding Clinic direction and will then provide a quiz to test these concepts. Due to limits on space, only the codes are presented. Please refer to your ICD-9-CM code book for descriptions. 1.The Official Coding Guidelines do not address diabetes specifically, although there are many Coding Clinic issues addressing diabetes coding in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. As with all code assignments, both physician documentation AND clinical documentation, such as treatments, symptoms or ancillary report findings, should be in the record before a code is assigned. Coders must not assume diagnoses from clinical information without first querying the physician for documentation to support the code. 2. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder of impaired carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. It is caused by either a reduction in the biologic effectiveness of secreted insulin, or a distinct decrease in the amount of insulin that can be secreted by the pancreas. Laboratory findings that may confirm diabetes include elevated blood sugar after a glucose tolerance test: 160 mg/100 ml blood, one hour after a meal; 120 mg/100 ml blood, two hours after a meal (normal is 115-130 mg/ Continue reading >>
Icd-10 Codes For Diabetes
There's More Than One Type Of Diabetes... I'm pretty sure all of you who made it thus far in this article are familiar with the fact that there are at least two major types of diabetes: type I, or juvenile, and type II, with usual (though not mandatory) adult onset. Just like ICD-9, ICD-10 has different chapters for the different types of diabetes. The table below presents the major types of diabetes, by chapters, in both ICD coding versions. Diabetes Coding Comparison ICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM 249._ - Secondary diabetes mellitus E08._ - Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition E09._ - Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus E13._ - Other specified diabetes mellitus 250._ - Diabetes mellitus E10._ - Type 1 diabetes mellitus E11._ - Type 2 diabetes mellitus 648._ - Diabetes mellitus of mother, complicating pregnancy, childbirth, or the puerperium O24._ - Gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy 775.1 - Neonatal diabetes mellitus P70.2 - Neonatal diabetes mellitus This coding structure for diabetes in ICD-10 is very important to understand and remember, as it is virtually always the starting point in assigning codes for all patient encounters seen and treated for diabetes. How To Code in ICD-10 For Diabetes 1. Determine Diabetes Category Again, "category" here refers to the four major groups above (not just to type 1 or 2 diabetes): E08 - Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition E09 - Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus E10 - Type 1 diabetes mellitus E11 - Type 2 diabetes mellitus E13 - Other specified diabetes mellitus Note that, for some reason, E12 has been skipped. Instructions on Diabetes Categories Here are some basic instructions on how to code for each of the diabetes categories above: E08 - Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition. Here, it is Continue reading >>
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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus E10- >
A subtype of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by insulin deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe hyperglycemia, rapid progression to diabetic ketoacidosis, and death unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. diabetes means your blood glucose, or blood sugar, is too high. With type 1 diabetes, your pancreas does not make insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose get into your cells to give them energy. Without insulin, too much glucose stays in your blood. Over time, high blood glucose can lead to serious problems with your heart, eyes, kidneys, nerves, and gums and teeth. Type 1 diabetes happens most often in children and young adults but can appear at any age. Symptoms may include being very thirsty urinating often feeling very hungry or tired losing weight without trying having sores that heal slowly having dry, itchy skin losing the feeling in your feet or having tingling in your feet having blurry eyesight a blood test can show if you have diabetes. If you do, you will need to take insulin for the rest of your life. Diabetes mellitus characterized by insulin deficiency, sudden onset, severe hyperglycemia, rapid progression to ketoacidosis, and death unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. Subtype of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by insulin deficiency; it is manifested by the sudden onset of severe hyperglycemia, rapid progression to diabetic ketoacidosis, and death unless treated with insulin; the disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. Continue reading >>
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Postprandial Blood Glucose Is a Stronger Predictor of Cardiovascular Events Than Fasting Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Particularly in Women: Lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study
- Metabolic surgery for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus: Now supported by the world's leading diabetes organizations
Icd-10 Diagnosis Code E10.9
Diabetes Type 1 Also called: Insulin-dependent diabetes, Juvenile diabetes, Type I diabetes Diabetes means your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. With type 1 diabetes, your pancreas does not make insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose get into your cells to give them energy. Without insulin, too much glucose stays in your blood. Over time, high blood glucose can lead to serious problems with your heart, eyes, kidneys, nerves, and gums and teeth. Type 1 diabetes happens most often in children and young adults but can appear at any age. Symptoms may include Being very thirsty Urinating often Feeling very hungry or tired Losing weight without trying Having sores that heal slowly Having dry, itchy skin Losing the feeling in your feet or having tingling in your feet Having blurry eyesight A blood test can show if you have diabetes. If you do, you will need to take insulin for the rest of your life. A blood test called the A1C can check to see how well you are managing your diabetes. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases A1C test (Medical Encyclopedia) Diabetes - low blood sugar - self-care (Medical Encyclopedia) Diabetes - tests and checkups (Medical Encyclopedia) Diabetes - when you are sick (Medical Encyclopedia) Diabetes and exercise (Medical Encyclopedia) Diabetic ketoacidosis (Medical Encyclopedia) Giving an insulin injection (Medical Encyclopedia) Type 1 diabetes (Medical Encyclopedia) [Read More] Type 1 diabetes Type 1 diabetes is a disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels. In this form of diabetes, specialized cells in the pancreas called beta cells stop producing insulin. Insulin controls how much glucose (a type of sugar) is passed from the blood into cells for conversion to energy. Lac Continue reading >>
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Icd 10 Sweet Things Craving
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Icd 10 Sweet Things Craving Price: USD 10 17 / Meter [Get Latest Price] Min.Order: 500 Meter/Meters Related Products: Tag:No Coding Blood Glucose MeterTest StripHigh Quality Glucose MeterNo Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes diabetes forecast blood glucose journal tip mellitus 2 tedavi Mellitus Treatment Diabetes & Alternative Diabetes Treatment Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ::The 3 Step Trick that without insurance to pay for screening Children and adults with diabetes receive free access to diabetic supplies and medications needed to manage their Below is a list of fruits divided by GI index as reported by the U.S. Blood Glucose Monitoring: An overview of techniques and technology. Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Icd 10 Sweet Things Craving diabetic athletes diet sores groin Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Icd 10 Sweet Things Craving colorados Online News Leader Spike Shooter pulled from 224 stores. The best way to lose weight with this type 1 diabetes is to make dietary and lifestyle changes for The cortisol to DHEA ratio is believed to be so important to Alzheimers Diabetes Depression Hypothyroidism and Cortisol & DHEA: The Major Hormone Balance. Family Time; Group Interests; Am I At Risk? Diabetes Statistics In the News Social Responsibility. Here are some is a diabetic diet plan thats appropriate for the sort of diabetes the individual is struggling with. Regulating blood glucose. Hi I just wanted to let you know after 6 years on Metformin and having terrible bloating. About this dish Rice paper rolls are a healthy and tasty recipe which is a staple in Vietnamese cooking. What Are the Causes of Odd Colored Feces in Kittens? Screening op diabetes mellitus type 2 in de huisartsenpraktijk. joint and muscle pain; changes Continue reading >>
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus E11- >
A disease in which the body does not control the amount of glucose (a type of sugar) in the blood and the kidneys make a large amount of urine. This disease occurs when the body does not make enough insulin or does not use it the way it should. A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. A metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels due to diminished production of insulin or insulin resistance/desensitization. A subclass of diabetes mellitus that is not insulin-responsive or dependent (niddm). It is characterized initially by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia; and eventually by glucose intolerance; hyperglycemia; and overt diabetes. Type ii diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop ketosis but often exhibit obesity. A type of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by insulin resistance or desensitization and increased blood glucose levels. This is a chronic disease that can develop gradually over the life of a patient and can be linked to both environmental factors and heredity. Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. With type 1 diabetes, your body does not make insulin. With type 2 diabetes, the more common type, your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in your blood.over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause serious problems. It can damage your eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Diabetes can also cause heart disease, stroke and even the need to remove a limb. Pregnant women can also get diabetes, called gestati Continue reading >>
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Postprandial Blood Glucose Is a Stronger Predictor of Cardiovascular Events Than Fasting Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Particularly in Women: Lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study
- Metabolic surgery for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus: Now supported by the world's leading diabetes organizations
Icd-10, Part 4: How To Code For Diabetic Retinopathy
Written By: Elizabeth Cottle, CPC, OCS, Rajiv R. Rathod, MD, MBA, Sue Vicchrilli, COT, OCS, and E. Joy Woodke, COE, OCS Finding the ICD-10 codes for diabetic retinopathy can be tricky. They are not listed in Chapter 7, Diseases of the Eye and Adnexa (H00-H59), but are in the diabetes section (E08-E13) of Chapter 4, Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases. Retinal complications. To further confuse matters, the most common retinal complications are in Chapter 7, not Chapter 4. Examples include vitreous hemorrhage (H43.1-), traction detachment of retina (H33.4-), and rubeosis iridis (H21.1-). New options. ICD-10 features codes for diagnoses that don’t currently have codes. These include drug- or chemical-induced diabetes mellitus (E09.-); gestational diabetes (Q24.4-); neonatal diabetes mellitus (P70.2); and postpancreatectomy, postprocedural, or secondary diabetes mellitus (E13.-). Changes in Documentation Some terms that you’re using in charts—such as “NIDDM,” “controlled,” and “uncontrolled”—will be obsolete when ICD-10 starts on Oct. 1, 2015. Instead, diabetes documentation should address the following questions: Is it type 1 or type 2? Is there diabetic retinopathy? If so, is it proliferative or nonproliferative? If nonproliferative, is it mild, moderate, or severe? Is there macular edema? Preparedness tips. To help you work through that series of questions, the AAOE has developed a decision tree that you can laminate and keep for reference at the coder’s desk. Download it at www.aao.org/icd10. You also should update your intake form so that staff can capture the type of diabetes. Insulin use? Submit Z79.4 as supporting documentation indicating any insulin use. What’s the Underlying Condition? According to ICD-10 instructions, physicians Continue reading >>
Coding Diabetes Mellitus In Icd-10-cm: Improved Coding For Diabetes Mellitus Complements Present Medical Science
Results of a recent coding and clinical documentation pilot study indicate that the ICD-10-CM coding classification changes made for diabetes mellitus have significantly improved coding for this disease. The results of the study noted that although a few ICD-10-CM "unspecified" diabetes codes were assigned, the majority of the diabetes codes sufficiently captured the diagnoses as expressed in the clinical documentation. In addition, the pilot study noted that the ICD-10-CM diabetes codes complement present medical science-separate type 1 and type 2 diabetes category codes and body system combination codes are a major improvement over ICD-9-CM. Instead of classifying as controlled or uncontrolled, ICD-10-CM classifies inadequately controlled, out of control, and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus by type with hyperglycemia. This article highlights key ICD-10-CM features for diabetes mellitus coding. In ICD-10-CM, chapter 4, "Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E89)," includes a separate subchapter (block), Diabetes mellitus E08-E13, with the categories: E08, Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition E09, Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus E10, Type 1 diabetes mellitus E11, Type 2 diabetes mellitus E13, Other specified diabetes mellitus The diabetes mellitus categories E08–E13 are further subdivided into four- or five-character subcategories. When a category has been subdivided into four-, five-, or six-character codes, the diabetes code assigned represents the highest level of specificity within ICD-10-CM. ICD-10-CM Tabular Instructional Notes Diabetes mellitus tabular inclusions notes are introduced by the term "Includes" and appear at the beginning of a category. Categories E10–E13 inclusion notes further define or provide examples of th Continue reading >>
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Without Complications
Diabetes in pregnancy Diabetes mellitus diet education done Diabetes mellitus in the puerperium - baby delivered during current episode of care Diabetes mellitus type 2 Diabetes mellitus type 2 without retinopathy Diabetes type 2 Diabetes type 2 controlled with diet Diabetes type 2 on insulin Diabetes type 2, uncomplicated Diabetes type 2, without retinopathy Diabetic foot exam Diabetic foot exam done Dietary diabetic patient education Gestational diabetes mellitus Insulin treated type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin-treated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Maturity onset diabetes mellitus in young Maturity onset diabetes of youth Maturity-onset diabetes of the young Nutrition therapy for diabetes type 2 done Nutritional therapy for diabetes mellitus type 2 Postpartum (after pregnancy) diabetes Preexisting diabetes mellitus during postpartum Preexisting diabetes postpartum (after childbirth) Type 2 diabetes mellitus Type 2 diabetes mellitus controlled by diet Type 2 diabetes mellitus without complication Type ii diabetes mellitus without complication Continue reading >>
Diabetes With Elevated Insulin Icd 10
Approximate Synonyms. Diabetes mellitus, type 2 with ketoacidotic coma; Diabetes type 2 low hdl and high triglyceride; Diabetes type 2 with erectile dysfunction; Diabetes type 2 with hyperlipidemia; Diabetes type 2 with severe malnutrition; Diabetes, type 2 with ketoacidosis; Diabetes, type 2 with osteomyelitis; Dyslipidemia. Nov 6, 2014 . I am looking for any information on coding Diabetes, Type 2, uncontrolled for ICD 10.. In other words a diabetic patient that does not always adhere to proper diet or does not take the insulin correctly, while they may not yet be hyperglycemic, the provider may document the diabetes is poorly controlled. People with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk of diabetes mellitus and diseases of the heart and blood vessels. A multifaceted syndrome characterized by clustering of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, associated with dyslipidemia, essential hypertension, abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance or noninsulin. Free, official coding info for 2018 ICD-10-CM E11.65 - includes detailed rules, notes, synonyms, ICD-9-CM conversion, index and annotation crosswalks, DRG grouping and more. Oct 4, 2015 . Part of Dr. Gily's icd-10 codes training tools.. E10 and E11 - These are self-explanatory, except that it is always good practice to use code Z79.4 when the patient is using insulin. T38.3X1A. Usually a complication of type 2 diabetes with extremely high blood sugar levels, without the presence of ketones. A subclass of diabetes mellitus that is not insulin-responsive or dependent (niddm). It is characterized initially by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia; and eventually by glucose intolerance; hyperglycemia; and overt diabetes. Type ii diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients. Continue reading >>
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Orphanet: Diabetic Embryopathy
Only comments seeking to improve the quality and accuracy of information on the Orphanet website are accepted. For all other comments, please send your remarks via contact us . Only comments written in English can be processed. Check this box if you wish to receive a copy of your message Diabetic embryopathy is characterized by congenital anomalies or foetal/neonatal complications in an infant that are linked to diabetes in the mother. Several reports show that the birth prevalence of congenital malformations can be cut by a third by using strict preconception glycemia control, but the challenge of implementing this approach remains. Macrosomia is also a common problem among infants of women with established insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Excess mortality among infants of women with preexisting insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is predominantly due to congenital malformations. All types of congenital malformations are involved, but some are more common. Notably, the risk of cardiovascular malformations (CVM) is increased, and specific studies show that preconceptional maternal diabetes is strongly associated with CVM of early embryonic origin and with cardiomyopathy (respective odds ratios are 5 and 15). CVM of early embryonic origin are laterality defects (cardiovisceral and atrioventricular discordance), outflow tract anomalies (an association was found between truncus arteriosus and double outlet right ventricle, and other anomalies with normally related great arteries but no association was found with simple transpositions), and anomalies of the endocardial cushion (an association was found with complete but not with partial forms of atrioventricular septal defects). CMV also include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which is generally benign and transient, alth Continue reading >>
Icd-10 Coding Snapshot
Subjective: I am asked to see the patient today for ongoing issues around her diabetic control. We have been fairly aggressively, downwardly adjusting her insulins, both the Lantus insulin, which we had been giving at night, as well as her sliding scale Humalog insulin prior to meals. Despite frequent decreases in her insulin regimen, she continues to have somewhat low blood glucoses, most notably in the morning when the glucoses have been in the 70s despite decreasing her Lantus insulin from around 84 units down to 60 units, which is a considerable change. What I cannot explain is why her glucoses have not really climbed at all despite the decrease in insulin. The staff reports to me that her appetite is good and that she is eating as well as ever. She feels a little fatigued, but otherwise is doing well. Physical Exam: Vitals are normal. The patient is pleasant and cooperative in no acute distress. Assessment and Plan: Diabetes, still with hypoglycemia, most notably in the morning. To address the situation, I am going to hold her Lantus tonight and decrease then change the administration time to the morning. She will get 55 units in the morning. I am also decreasing her Humalog sliding scale prior to meals. I will review the blood glucoses again next week. ICD-10-CM Code(s): E11.649 Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypoglycemia without coma Z79.4 Long-term (current) use of insulin Rationale: According to the guidelines, when the type of diabetes is not documented, the type must be assumed to be type 2. Even if the main term Diabetes, with the subterm insulin dependent, is looked up, it indicates to code to type of diabetes. It is important for the provider to indicate the type to ensure proper coding of diabetes. Because this patient must be assumed to be a type 2 by def Continue reading >>
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (also known as type 2 diabetes) is a long-term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.[6] Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss.[3] Symptoms may also include increased hunger, feeling tired, and sores that do not heal.[3] Often symptoms come on slowly.[6] Long-term complications from high blood sugar include heart disease, strokes, diabetic retinopathy which can result in blindness, kidney failure, and poor blood flow in the limbs which may lead to amputations.[1] The sudden onset of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state may occur; however, ketoacidosis is uncommon.[4][5] Type 2 diabetes primarily occurs as a result of obesity and lack of exercise.[1] Some people are more genetically at risk than others.[6] Type 2 diabetes makes up about 90% of cases of diabetes, with the other 10% due primarily to diabetes mellitus type 1 and gestational diabetes.[1] In diabetes mellitus type 1 there is a lower total level of insulin to control blood glucose, due to an autoimmune induced loss of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.[12][13] Diagnosis of diabetes is by blood tests such as fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, or glycated hemoglobin (A1C).[3] Type 2 diabetes is partly preventable by staying a normal weight, exercising regularly, and eating properly.[1] Treatment involves exercise and dietary changes.[1] If blood sugar levels are not adequately lowered, the medication metformin is typically recommended.[7][14] Many people may eventually also require insulin injections.[9] In those on insulin, routinely checking blood sugar levels is advised; however, this may not be needed in those taking pills.[15] Bariatri Continue reading >>
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Postprandial Blood Glucose Is a Stronger Predictor of Cardiovascular Events Than Fasting Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Particularly in Women: Lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study
- Metabolic surgery for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus: Now supported by the world's leading diabetes organizations
