Diabetes Device Innovation: Changing Current Treatment Algorithms
Diabetes Device Innovation: Changing Current Treatment Algorithms By Manya Aggarwal, Decision Resources Group Diabetes is a chronic disease that, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), affected almost 9 percent of adults globally in 2014.The incidence of this disease is expected to nearly double by 2030 as contributing factors, such as obesity rates, continue to rise around the world. The prevalence of the condition results in a very large market for both drug delivery and diabetes-monitoring devices. Decision Resource Groups report on diabetes devices estimates that this market will grow at a rate of over 10 percent annually in the next 10 years. This presents a very attractive opportunity for manufacturers in this space, especially since there is a lot of room for improvement in the treatment and management of the disease. Therefore, there is strong interest in new innovations that would make diabetes easier to manage and control, thereby allowing patients worldwide to lead more normal lives. This interest has precipitated a race among device manufacturers to spearhead innovations in order to maximize revenues in this very lucrative space. Type 2 diabetes also known as adult onset diabetes constitutes the majority of cases diagnosed around the world, while type 1 diabetes accounts for a significantly smaller proportion of cases. The treatment algorithms differ significantly between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as shown in the figures below: Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes, is characterized by deficient insulin production and requires daily administration of insulin. The first line of treatment is basal insulin, whose effects can last anywhere between 24 and36 hours. If this dosage is not sufficient to keep blood glucose levels within the st Continue reading >>
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2.3 Flashcards | Quizlet
7.How can an insulin pump help a diabetic? more exact, less responsibility on the diabetic, insulin is always available on demand, continuous monitoring of BS levels, no self harm, easier to maintain, regulating insulin mimics homeostasis 8.What are potential short and long term complications of diabetes? Short term - ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, honey urine, high blood pressure Long term - neurosis, nephropathy, necrosis, gangrene, amputation 9.What innovations are available to help diabetics manage and treat their disease? Artificial pancreas: The artificial pancreas is often regarded as the Holy Grail of diabetes treatment. Ideally, the artificial pancreas would be a small, portable closed-loop system comprising a continuous glucose monitor, an insulin pump capable of delivering precise amounts of insulin and a computer algorithm to tell that pump just how much insulin to deliver based on blood sugar levels. The closest thing we have now to the artificial pancreas is Medtronic's MiniMed Paradigm Veo, which is available in Europe but not the U.S. That device comes with an insulin pump, a built-in continuous glucose monitor and personal therapy management software. A key feature is its Low Glucose Suspend (LGS) automation, which stops the pump from delivering insulin for two hours when a patient's blood sugar level gets too low. The next key step in the quest for the artificial pancreas involves integrating an insulin-delivery algorithm and associated automation with the rest of the technology. Continue reading >>
10 Advances Transforming The Lives Of Diabetics Worldwide
10 advances transforming the lives of diabetics worldwide From an oral insulin capsule to a noninvasive glucose monitor, Israeli entrepreneurs and researchers are making life easier for diabetics. November 14 is World Diabetes Day and the month of November is National Diabetes Month in the United States. While there is not yet a cure for diabetes, many Israeli researchers and companies offer improved approaches for avoiding, managing and treating the condition. Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas cannot make insulin the hormone that regulates blood sugar or when the body cannot make good use of the insulin it makes. As of 2015, approximately 415 million adults in the world have diabetes and that number is expected to rise to 642 million by 2040. At least 90 percent of cases are type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance and/or deficiency. In addition, more than 542,000 children in the world live with type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune condition where the body attacks its own insulin-making cells. Diabetes is the leading cause of heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, non-traumatic lower-limb amputations and new cases of blindness among adults. Those with diabetes have twice the normal risk of death; in 2014, diabetes was listed as the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. Here are some significant diabetes developments reported in Israel in recent years. Oramed Pharmaceuticals hopes to revolutionize the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes through its proprietary oral insulin capsule developed through research at Jerusalems Hadassah Medical Center. Currently, insulin must be injected. The company has completed multiple Phase II clinical trials under an Investigational New Drug application with the US Food and Drug Adminis Continue reading >>
Diabetes Mellitus: New Challenges And Innovative Therapies
Diabetes mellitus: new challenges and innovative therapies 1,2 Carla F. Bento ,2,3 Paulo Pereira ,2,3 and Raquel Seia 1,2 1Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Subunit 1, polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal 2IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 3Centre of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 3Centre of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 1Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Subunit 1, polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal 2IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 1Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Subunit 1, polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal 2IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 3Centre of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal Cristina M. Sena, Phone: +351-239-480034, Fax: +351-239-480034, Email: [email protected] . Received 2009 Dec 16; Accepted 2010 Feb 4. Copyright European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine 2010 This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Diabetes mellitus is a widespread disease prevalence and incidence of which increases worldwide. The introduction of insulin therapy represented a major breakthrough in type 1 diabetes; however, frequent hyper- and hypoglycemia seriously affects the quality of life of these patients. New therapeutic approaches, such as whole pancreas transplant or pancreatic islet transplant, stem cell, gene therapy and islets encapsulation are discussed in this Continue reading >>
Innovations In Technology For The Treatment Of Diabetes: Clinical Development Of The Artificial Pancreas (an Autonomous System)
Innovations in Technology for the Treatment of Diabetes: Clinical Development of the Artificial Pancreas (an Autonomous System) 2General Hospital Devices Branch, Office of Device Evaluation, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 2General Hospital Devices Branch, Office of Device Evaluation, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 2General Hospital Devices Branch, Office of Device Evaluation, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 3Division of Chemistry and Toxicology Devices, Office of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Evaluation and Safety, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 4Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 5Glucose Sensing and Insulin Delivery Technologies Program, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 1Mills-Peninsula Health Services, San Mateo, California 2General Hospital Devices Branch, Office of Device Evaluation, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 3Division of Chemistry and Toxicology Devices, Office of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Evaluation and Safety, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 4Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Dru Continue reading >>
Diabetes Treatment (type 1 And Type 2 Medications And Diet)
Diabetes type 1 and type 2 treatment facts Controlling blood sugar (glucose) levels is the major goal of diabetes treatment, in order to prevent complications of the disease. Type 2 diabetes may be managed with non-insulin medications, insulin, weight reduction, or dietary changes. The choice of medications for type 2 diabetes is individualized, taking into account: the effectiveness and side effect profile of each medication, the patient's underlying health status, any medication compliance issues, and cost to the patient or health-care system. Medications for type 2 diabetes can work in different ways to reduce blood glucose levels. They may: increase insulin sensitivity, increase glucose excretion, decrease absorption of carbohydrates from the digestive tract, or work through other mechanisms. Medications for type 2 diabetes are often used in combination. Proper nutrition is a part of any diabetes care plan. There is no one specific "diabetic diet" that is recommended for all individuals. Pancreas transplantation is an area of active study for the treatment of diabetes. What is the treatment for diabetes? The major goal in treating type 1 and type 2 diabetes is to control blood sugar (glucose) levels within the normal range, with minimal excursions to low or high levels. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is treated: Oral medications are prescribed when these measures fail to control the elevated blood sugars of type 2 diabetes. If oral medications become ineffective treatment with insulin is initiated. Adherence to a diabetic diet is a critical aspect of controlling blood sugar in people with diabetes. When considering an ideal diabetic diet, a number of factors must be taken into consideration, including the amount and type of carbohydrates consumed as well as the amount of fib Continue reading >>
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Advances In Medical Technology
Improving Diabetes Care Treatment of diabetes, like most areas of medicine, has changed considerably over the years as a result of technological advances. From the discovery, purification, and mass production of insulin to the development of less painful ways to deliver it, the lives of people with diabetes have been improved — and sometimes greatly extended — by both diabetes-focused research and broader improvements in medical care. Although it can be difficult to predict the impact of an emerging technology, there are several exciting developments on the horizon that may soon significantly change how people with diabetes receive medical care or manage the condition on their own. At least one relatively new innovation, the continuous glucose monitor, is already changing the daily routine for some. This article examines several innovations that are likely to change — or are already changing — the way medical care is delivered and the way medical information is communicated. Not all assessments of medical technology are completely upbeat, however. Especially when it comes to electronic health records, many experts are either frustrated at the pace of progress or skeptical of how the technology will be used. Electronic health records Dr. Richard Hellman, who is past-president of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and has an endocrinology practice in North Kansas City, Missouri, laments that although someone can get money from an ATM or use a credit card anywhere in the world, medical information often cannot be easily accessed when it is needed. “The tragedy is that information doesn’t move around to the benefit of the patient,” he says. “There is much too much information that can’t be transmitted.” The problem is not a technologic Continue reading >>
New Diabetes Treatment Could Eliminate Need For Insulin Injections
A cell-based diabetes treatment has been developed by scientists who say it could eliminate the need for those with the condition to inject insulin. The therapy involves a capsule of genetically engineered cells implanted under the skin that automatically release insulin as required. Diabetic mice that were treated with the cells were found to have normal blood sugar levels for several weeks. Scientists said they hope to obtain a clinical trial licence to test the technology in patients within two years. If successful, the treatment would be relevant for all type 1 diabetes patients, as well as those cases of type 2 diabetes that require insulin injections. Martin Fussenegger, who led the research at the ETH university in Basel, said: “By 2040, every tenth human on the planet will suffer from some kind of diabetes, that’s dramatic. We should be able to do a lot better than people measuring their glucose.” Fussenegger said that, if confirmed as safe and effective in humans, diabetes patients could be given an implant that would need to be replaced three times a year rather than injections, which do not perfectly control blood sugar levels, leading to long-term complications including eye, nerve and heart damage. In Britain, about 400,000 people have type 1 diabetes and three million have type 2 diabetes, about 10% of whom need to inject insulin to control the condition. Type 1 diabetes normally begins in childhood and is an autoimmune disease in which the body kills off all its pancreatic beta cells. The cells respond to the body’s fluctuating glucose levels by releasing insulin, which regulates blood sugar. Without beta cells, patients need to monitor glucose and inject insulin as required – typically several times each day. Previously, scientists have attempt Continue reading >>
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Type 1 Diabetes: How Is It Treated?
KidsHealth / For Teens / Type 1 Diabetes: How Is It Treated? en espaolDiabetes tipo 1: Cul es el tratamiento? Your teachers follow a lesson plan that outlines what you'll study each day. Your parents may have a plan to help you pay for college. And your weekend social plans determine whether you're seeing a movie, heading to a concert, or playing basketball at the gym. People with type 1 diabetes need to follow a different type of plan. A treatment plan, also called a diabetes management plan, helps people to manage their diabetes and stay healthy and active. Everyone's plan is different, based on a person's health needs and the suggestions of the diabetes health care team. The first thing to understand when it comes to treating diabetes is your blood glucose level, which is the amount of glucose in the blood. Glucose isa sugar that comes from the foods we eat and also is formed and stored inside the body. It's the main source of energy for the cells of the body, and is carried to each cell through the blood. Glucose gets into the cells with the help of the hormone insulin . So how do blood glucose levels relate to type 1 diabetes? People with type 1 diabetes can no longer produce insulin. This means that glucose stays in the bloodstream and doesn't get into the cells, causing blood glucose levels to go too high. High blood sugar levels can make people with type 1 diabetes feel sick, so their treatment plan involves keeping their blood sugar levels within a healthy range, while making sure they grow and develop normally. To do that, people with type 1 diabetes need to: eat a healthy, balanced diet and stick to a diabetes meal plan check their blood sugar levels several times a day Following the treatment plan can help a person stay healthy, but it's not a cure for diab Continue reading >>
New And Innovative Diabetes Treatments
Post a comment / May 21, 2012 at 9:57 AM Drugs that mimic beneficial bacteria found in the human gut, implantable and incisionless weight loss devices and stem cells that restore pancreatic function. If the world is going to make a dent in the diabetes epidemic , itll require innovative approaches like those mentioned above and more. Solutions to the whole body problem of diabetes are coming from a wide variety of sources: the chairman of Whole Foods, innovative but largely unknown startups, entrenched industry giants and stem cell researchers, for example. The following innovations in the treatment of diabetes provide some hope of lowering blood sugar levels and the economic toll of this costly and chronic condition. Gut bacteria: The gut is home to trillions of bacteria, some of which can improve or worsen insulin resistance in mice and perhaps humans. Plus, certain types of bacteria are more often found in the guts of lean or obese mice. If researchers can figure out which bacterial species in the gut are beneficial and which are pathogenic, they might be able to reduce diabetes or even cure it, Nature reported . It may be possible to develop drugs that mimic the chemicals produced by the bacteria found in lean peoples guts, or inhibit molecules that lead to insulin resistance and diabetes. Nu Me Health , co-founded by the chairman of Whole Foods Market, is developing a proprietary blend of prebiotics and other natural, plant-derived ingredients that are designed to alter the composition of the bacteria living in the gastrointestinal tract in order to help people with prediabetes maintain healthy blood glucose levels and body weight. Incisionless, implantable devices: Medical device startup EndoSphere has developed an incisionless, anti-obesity device that could be Continue reading >>
Innovations In Diabetes Management Emerging Tools And Medications Aim To Strengthen And Simplify Care
Innovations in Diabetes Management Emerging Tools and Medications Aim to Strengthen and Simplify Care Structured, Internet-based support services may become a cost- and outcomes-effective way to promote lifestyle change for people with diabetes. There is a spirit of innovation and creativity surrounding many of the newest products and services available for diabetes care and management. On display at this years annual meeting of diabetes educators in Atlanta (suitably themed Exploring New Dimensions) were many of the most novel tools and products, ranging from home glucose monitoring systems and IT-supported diabetes management services to a diabetes vaccine that is ever closer to becoming a reality. This article will highlight some of these products and services and preview a few additional developments that are in the pipeline. Home Glucose Monitoring: Easier, More Affordable Now on the market is a new generation of home glucose monitors offering accuracy, affordability, and ease of use, many of which became widely available within the last year. A few of the new kids on the block include the Glucocard series of meters, the WaveSense Presto and Jazz, and the Bionime Rightest Blood Glucose Monitoring System GM100 Slim Series. Glucocard is manufactured by Arkray USA, one of the pioneering companies in the field of diabetes self-management. Formerly known as Hypoguard, this company developed the first home glucose monitor in the 1970s and is currently the fifth-largest manufacturer of home glucose monitoring systems in the world. All of the Glucocard meters are autocoded, and the strips require the smallest blood sample currently possible: 0.3 L. The meters have an attractive design, the LCD screens are easy to read, and the meter is a breeze to learn to use. Test strip Continue reading >>
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Diabetes Management: How Lifestyle, Daily Routine Affect Blood Sugar
Diabetes management requires awareness. Know what makes your blood sugar level rise and fall — And how to control these day-to-day factors. Keeping your blood sugar levels within the range recommended by your doctor can be challenging. That's because many things make your blood sugar levels change, sometimes unexpectedly. Following are some factors that can affect your blood sugar levels. Food Healthy eating is a cornerstone of healthy living — with or without diabetes. But if you have diabetes, you need to know how foods affect your blood sugar levels. It's not only the type of food you eat but also how much you eat and the combinations of food types you eat. What to do: Learn about carbohydrate counting and portion sizes. A key to many diabetes management plans is learning how to count carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are the foods that often have the biggest impact on your blood sugar levels. And for people taking mealtime insulin, it's crucial to know the amount of carbohydrates in your food, so you get the proper insulin dose. Learn what portion size is appropriate for each type of food. Simplify your meal planning by writing down portions for the foods you eat often. Use measuring cups or a scale to ensure proper portion size and an accurate carbohydrate count. Make every meal well-balanced. As much as possible, plan for every meal to have a good mix of starches, fruits and vegetables, proteins and fats. It's especially important to pay attention to the types of carbohydrates you choose. Some carbohydrates, such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains, are better for you than are others. These foods are low in carbohydrates and contain fiber that helps keep your blood sugar levels more stable. Talk to your doctor, nurse or dietitian about the best food choices and Continue reading >>
The Future Of Diabetes Management
One in eleven persons has to cope with diabetes worldwide on a daily basis According to the latest estimates of the WHO, 422 million people suffer from diabetes worldwide – and the number is growing steadily. It means that one person in eleven has to manage the chronic condition on a daily basis, which might lead to stroke, blindness, heart attack, kidney failure or amputation. There are two types of diabetes: when the body does not produce enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) and when the organism cannot utilize the generated insulin (type 2 diabetes). While the latter can be prevented with conscious lifestyle choices, the former is a mystery to the medical community. But if someone has diabetes, that means having a constant companion. In both cases, the treatment of the symptoms requires constant blood glucose control, which usually requires a kind of insulin intake at regular intervals, as well as blood pressure control and/or foot care. It is a truly technologically dependent condition: you need to monitor your blood glucose level, your blood pressure, your weight, follow a meal plan, test your blood every now and then. Luckily, there are so many digital health innovations for diabetes patients out there that diabetes management has been improving for years steadily – and it will significantly change in the coming years. But technology in itself is insufficient: you need people to utilize it – and diabetes patients do. It is one of the largest and most motivated communities both online and offline, sharing their experiences on social media and other platforms. I believe one of the most amazing development is due to the diabetes community: the #wearenotwaiting movement advocated the absolutely efficient DIY artificial pancreas for so long and so successfully that t Continue reading >>
Diabetes
What is diabetes? Diabetes is disease that causes the body to either not produce insulin or not react properly to the insulin. There are two types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes is when the body simply does not produce insulin. This type develops in teens and is less common than Type 2. When you have Type 1 diabetes, your immune system turns on the pancreas, causing it not to produce insulin. This causes blood sugar levels to get too high. People with Type 1 take insulin injections to help regulate their blood glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes is when the cells in the body do not react properly with the insulin being produced. The signal to the GLUT4 is never sent from the receptors, so the cells don't allow glucose to enter. Insulin injections can sometimes help people with Type 2, however they usually can only watch what they eat and be careful to exercise a certain amount. How is glucose tolerance testing used to diagnose diabetes? The GTT is usually administered after an abnormal urine test. Doctors use glucose tolerance testing to monitor the amount of glucose in the patient's blood at a given moment in time and to see if their body reacts properly in response to the glucose. If the glucose levels rise drastically and don't fall back down this indicates that there is a high chance that the patient has diabetes. The insulin test can determine the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes; if the levels of insulin in the blood are high, the patient has Type 2 diabetes, and if there is no insulin in the blood the patient has Type 1. How does the development of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes relate to how the body produces and uses insulin? In type one diabetes the persons immune system attacks the pancreas causing it to shut down insulin production, leaving the person wit Continue reading >>
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Hacking Diabetes At Home
Emma Black was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes in late 2014. Because diabetics' bodies don’t produce insulin, they need to be constantly aware of a lot of different numbers: their carbohydrate intake, their sugar levels, how much insulin they need to inject to break that sugar down. High sugar levels over time can cause complications like heart disease, kidney failure, blindness, or circulatory problems that result in amputation; in the short term, sugar levels that are extremely high or low can put a person into a diabetic coma, which could be fatal if it’s not properly treated. Play Video Play Loaded: 0% Progress: 0% Remaining Time -0:00 This is a modal window. Foreground --- White Black Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan --- Opaque Semi-Opaque Background --- White Black Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan --- Opaque Semi-Transparent Transparent Window --- White Black Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan --- Opaque Semi-Transparent Transparent Font Size 50% 75% 100% 125% 150% 175% 200% 300% 400% Text Edge Style None Raised Depressed Uniform Dropshadow Font Family Default Monospace Serif Proportional Serif Monospace Sans-Serif Proportional Sans-Serif Casual Script Small Caps Defaults Done Black couldn't believe how inconvenient it was to check her glucose levels—it involves carrying around a bulky device and plugging it in to a computer to see the data elsewhere, Black, then known as Stephen, writes in a blog post from early 2015. "If a loved one wanted to check in to see if I was doing all right, they would need to call me and hope I answered," she wrote. This seemed anachronistic in the wireless age. So Black started a project called DexDrip, which would link a glucose meter to a cell phone via Bluetooth (the software is now called xDrip and it's maintained by anot Continue reading >>
