Antidiabetic Medications
Cardiovascular system Fatty acids can be bound or attached to other molecules, such as in triglycerides or phospholipids. When they are not attached to other molecules, they are known as "free" fatty acids. The uncombined fatty acids or free fatty acids may come from the breakdown of a triglyceride into its components (fatty acids and glycerol). However as fats are insoluble in water they must be bound to appropriate regions in the plasma protein albumin for transport around the body. The levels of "free fatty acid" in the blood are limited by the number of albumin binding sites available. Free fatty acids are an important source of fuel for many tissues since they can yield relatively large quantities of ATP. Many cell types can use either glucose or fatty acids for this purpose. In particular, heart and skeletal muscle prefer fatty acids. The brain cannot use fatty acids as a source of fuel; it relies on glucose, or on ketone bodies. Ketone bodies are produced in the liver by fatty acid metabolism during starvation, or during periods of low carbohydrate intake. Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or easily repair the resulting damage. All forms of life maintain a reducing environment within their cells. This reducing environment is preserved by enzymes that maintain the reduced state through a constant input of metabolic energy. Disturbances in this normal redox state can cause toxic effects through the production of peroxides and free radicals that damage all components of the cell, including proteins, lipids, and DNA. * Continue reading >>
Spontaneous Bleeding; Transient Thrombocytopenia; Fever, Chills, Skin Rash; Hyperkalemia; Pain At Injection Site; Ecchymosis
Trade G Generic Class May be given Therapeutic Effect Major Side Effects Major Nursing Implications Heparin Lovenox Heparin Sodium Enoxaprin Anticoagulant Anticoagulant Subcutaneous IV piggyback (IVPB) Subcutaneous Enhances the inhibitory effect of antithrombin III (heparin cofactor) on several factors essential to normal blood clotting thereby blocking the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, and fibrinogen to fibrin. Same as above Spontaneous bleeding; transient thrombocytopenia; fever, chills, skin rash; hyperkalemia; pain at injection site; ecchymosis Same as above DOES NOT lyse (or dissolve) already existing thrombi, but may prevent their extension or formation of new clots. Obtain baseline blood tests prior to administration. Monitor APPT (PPT) closely (follow hospital policy for times) CBC, platelet count, urine and stool for occult blood. Routine coagulation test not required. Coumadin Warfarin Sodium Anticoagulant Oral Indirectly interferes with blood clotting by depressing hepatic synthesis of Vitamin K- dependent coagulation factors: II, VII, IX, and X. In essence, coumadin prevents conversion of prothrombin (factor II) to thrombin. Hemorrhage; anorexia; elevated serum transaminase levels; jaundice DOES NOT break up existing clots, but prevents extension and formation of new clots. Closely monitor PT/INR (especially INR) Careful patient education concerning food and drug interactions Plavix Clopidrogrel Bisulfate Antithrombotic Platelet aggregation inhibitor oral Inhibits platelet aggregation by selectively preventing the binding of adenosine diphosphate to its platelet receptor, and the subsequent ADP-mediated activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex. This results in prolonged bleeding time. Clopidogrel also inhibits platelet aggregation induced b Continue reading >>
Insulin Lispro
Classifications: hormone and synthetic substitute; antidiabetic agent It lowers blood glucose levels by increasing peripheral glucose uptake, especially by skeletal muscle and fat tissue, and by inhibiting the liver from changing glycogen to glucose. One unit of insulin lispro has the same glucose-lowering ability as human regular insulin, but the effect is more rapid and of shorter duration. Note: May be given in same syringe with longer-acting insulins but absorption may be delayed. Absorption: Rapidly absorbed from IM and SC injection sites. Onset: <15 min. Peak: 0.51 h. Duration: 34 h. Distribution: Throughout extracellular fluids. Metabolism: Metabolized in liver with some metabolism in kidneys. Elimination: <2% excreted in urine. Half-Life: Biological, up to 13 h. Assess for hypoglycemia from 1 to 3 h after injection. Assess highly insulin-dependent patients for need for increases in intermediate/long-acting insulins. Note: Risk of hypoglycemia is greatest 13 h after injection. Do not breast feed while taking this drug without consulting physician. Common adverse effects in italic, life-threatening effects underlined; generic names in bold; classifications in Continue reading >>
Insulin Aspart (rx)
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Improvement of glycemic control in adults and children with diabetes mellitus May administer 0.2-0.6 unit/kg/day in divided doses; conservative doses of 0.2-0.4 unit/kg/day often recommended to reduce risk of hypoglycemia Total maintenance daily insulin requirement may vary; it is usually between 0.5 and 1 unit/kg/day; nonobese may require 0.4-0.6 unit/kg/day; obese may require 0.6-1.2 units/kg/day Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes inadequately controlled by diet, weight reduction, exercise, or oral medication 10 units/day SC (or 0.1-0.2 units/kg/day) in evening or divided q12hr of an intermediate (eg, NPH) or long-acting insulin at bedtime recommended; conversely, regular insulin or rapid-acting insulin (aspart insulin) before meals also recommended Dosing Considerations When used in a meal-related SC injection treatment regimen, 50-75% of total insulin requirements may be provided by an intermediate-acting or long-acting insulin; the remainder is divided and provided before or at mealtimes as a rapid-acting insulin, such as insulin aspart Because of insulin aspart’s comparatively rapid onset and short duration of glucose-lowering activity, some patients may require more basal insulin and more total insulin to prevent premeal hyperglycemia than they would need when using human regular insulin Dosage must be individualized; blood and urine glucose monitoring is essential in all patients receiving insulin therapy Insulin requirements may be altered during stress or major illness or with changes in exercise, meal patterns, or coadministered drugs Dosage Modifications Patients with hepatic and renal impairment may be at increased risk of hypoglycemia and may require more frequent dose adjustment and more frequent blood glucose monitoring Continue reading >>
Nursing Care Related To The Gastrointestinal And Genitourinary Systems
a. Be certain to give the correct type of insulin. b. Prepare the correct dosage. Have another nurse double-check the dose before you administer the injection. c. Use the correct syringe. Never use a regular syringe for insulin. Use a syringe calibrated in “units.” d. Before drawing up the insulin, gently “roll” the bottle between your palms to mix and warm the solution. e. Eliminate all air bubbles from the syringe. One small air bubble may displace 2 or 3 units of insulin. f. Cleanse the skin with alcohol and allow to dry. This helps avoid pitting of the skin. g. Give the injection subcutaneously. Rotate the injection site with each dose. (Rotating the sites prevents tissue necrosis.) Refer to figure 1-9 for injection sites. h. Always check to see whether the patient is and has been eating his normal diet. (1) Administration of the regular dosage of insulin when the patient’s intake of food has been decreased or withheld could cause the blood sugar level to drop too much. (2) A patient who is experiencing vomiting will require adjustment of the insulin dosage. (3) A patient who is being held NPO for procedures or tests should not receive his regular insulin dosage. This could precipitate a hypoglycemic reaction. Notify the physician for instructions. Routinely, insulin is withheld until the procedure is completed and the patient is permitted to eat. This course is intended for use by nursing and medical professionals, and those in training for those professions. "Nursing Care Related to the Gastrointestinal and Urinary Systems" was originally developed by the U.S Army Medical Department, to help train their medical personnel. It has been reformatted by the Brookside Associates for wider distribution. While this material may be very useful to students of the Continue reading >>
Novolog - Generic Name Trade Name Classification Novolog...
Novolog - Generic Name Trade Name Classification Novolog Antidiabetic Peak Onset Duration-1 hr 15-30 min 3-4 hr insulin aspart Why is patient getting Novolog - Generic Name Trade Name Classification Novolog... 100% (1) 1 out of 1 people found this document helpful This preview shows page 1 - 2 out of 2 pages. Generic Nameinsulin aspartTrade NameNovologClassificationAntidiabeticDose2-4 InjectionsRouteSUBCUTTime/FrequencyDailyPeak-1 hrOnset15-30 minDuration3-4 hrNormal dosage rangeWhy is patient getting this medication?Type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestationaldiabetesFor IV meds, compatibility with IV drips and/orSolutionsMechanism of action and indications(Why med ordered)Decreases blood glucoseNursing Implications (what to focus on)Contraindication/ warnings/ interactionsHypersensitivity to protamine; creosol (aspart)Common side effectsBlurred vision, dry mouth INTEG: Flushing, rash, urticaria,warmth, lipodystrophy, lipohypertrophy, swelling, rednessMETA: Hypoglycemia, rebound hyperglycemia (Somogyieffect 12-72 hr or longer) MISC: Peripheral edema Interactions with other patient drugs, OTC or herbalmedicines (ask patient specifically)Individual drugs Alcohol: increased hypoglycemia Dobutamine:increased insulin need Epinephrine: decreased hypoglycemia You've reached the end of your free preview. As a current student on this bumpy collegiate pathway, I stumbled upon Course Hero, where I can find study resources for nearly all my courses, get online help from tutors 24/7, and even share my old projects, papers, and lecture notes with other students. Kiran Temple University Fox School of Business 17, Course Hero Intern I cannot even describe how much Course Hero helped me this summer. Its truly become something I can always rely on and help me. In the Continue reading >>
Novolog Nursing Implications
You were searching forNovolog Nursing Implications? You probably will find some useful info in this post, come have a quick look! Taking insulin or other diabetes medications is typically part of treating diabetes Along with healthy food choices and exercise, medicine can assist you handle the illness. Some other treatment alternatives are also available. What medicines might I consider diabetes? The medicine you take will differ by your type of diabetes and how well the medication manages your blood sugar levels, likewise called blood sugar. Other aspects, such as your other health conditions, medication costs, and your daily schedule might contribute in what diabetes medicine you take. Some people with type 2 diabetes can handle their illness by making healthy food choices and being more physically active. Many people with type 2 diabetes need diabetes medications too. These medications might consist of diabetes tablets or medicines you inject under your skin, such as insulin. In time, you may need more than one diabetes medicine to manage your blood glucose. Even if you do not take insulin, you might need it at unique times, such as during pregnancy or if you are in the medical facility. If you have gestational diabetes, you ought to first aim to control your blood glucose level by making healthy food choices and getting regular exercise. If you cant reach your blood glucose target, your healthcare team will talk with you about diabetes medicines, such as insulin or the diabetes tablet metformin, that might be safe for you to take during pregnancy. Your health care group may begin you on diabetes medicines right now if your blood glucose is extremely high. No matter what type of diabetes you have, taking diabetes medications every day can feel like a concern in some Continue reading >>
Novolog, Novolog Flexpen, Novolog Penfill
What is NovoLog? NovoLog (insulin aspart)is a fast-acting insulin that starts to work about 15 minutes after injection, peaks in about 1 hour, and keeps working for 2 to 4 hours. Insulin is a hormone that works by lowering levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. NovoLog is used to improve blood sugar control in adults and children with diabetes mellitus. This medicine is sometimes used together with a long-acting or intermediate-acting insulin. NovoLog is used to treat type 2 diabetes in adults. NovoLog is also used to treat type 1 diabetes in adults and children who are at least 2 years old. Important information NovoLog is a fast-acting insulin that begins to work very quickly. After using it, you should eat a meal within 5 to 10 minutes. Never share an injection pen or cartridge with another person. Sharing injection pens or cartridges can allow disease such as hepatitis or HIV to pass from one person to another. You should not use NovoLog if you are having an episode of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Before taking this medicine You should not use NovoLog if you are allergic to insulin aspart, or if you are having an episode of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). NovoLog is not approved for use by anyone younger than 2 years old. This medicine should not be used to treat type 2 diabetes in a child of any age. To make sure NovoLog is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have: liver or kidney disease; or low levels of potassium in your blood (hypokalemia). Tell your doctor if you also take pioglitazone or rosiglitazone (sometimes contained in combinations with glimepiride or metformin). Taking certain oral diabetes medicines while you are using insulin may increase your risk of serious heart problems. Follow your doctor's instructions about using insulin if you are pregn Continue reading >>
Novolog Nursing Implications - Dexmedica
Insulin detemir (Levemir) has received FDA approval for children ages 2 to 5 with type 1 diabetes, the product's manufacturer said.Novo Nordisk said the approval makes insulin detemir the only FDA-approved insulin analog available for children 5 and younger as basal therapy.Underlying the approval was a trial in 82 diabetic children that compared insulin detemir with neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. After one year of treatment, no clinically significant change in glycated hemoglobin levels was... ADA: More Convenient Insulin Regimens May Give Same Control of Type 2 Diabetes Action PointsExplain to interested patients with type 2 diabetes that an insulin regimen with fewer daily injections may achieve the same glucose control as one with more daily injections.Explain that individual circumstances differ and must be taken into consideration in choosing an insulin regimen.These studies were published as abstracts and presented orally at a conference. These data and conclusions should be considered to be preliminary as they have not yet been reviewed and published in a... Novo Nordisk settles U.S. probe for $25 million NEW YORK Danish drugmaker Novo Nordisk will pay $25 million to settle a lawsuit over the alleged improper marketing of its anti-clotting medicine NovoSeven.,The company said on Friday that it will pay the U.S. government $25 million to resolve a Department of Justice investigation into whether it improperly promoted bleeding-disorder drug NovoSeven for off-label uses not approved by U.S. drug regulators.,It also reached a $1.725 million deal with the U.S. Attorney in Brooklyn addressing allegations that sales... DRG Publishes New Type 1 Diabetes Content; Forecasted Displacement Of Branded Insulins With Decision Resources Group forecasts the type 1 d Continue reading >>
Novolog Allow Brand Online Uk - Mein Pflegeservice Gmbh
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Insulin Aspart Protamine Suspension/insulin Aspart Injection Mixture
(redirected from Novorapid) Also found in: Dictionary, Wikipedia. insulin aspart (in-su-lin as-spart) , NovoLOG (trade name), Novorapid (trade name) , NovoLOG Mix 70/30 (trade name), Novomix 30 (trade name) Pregnancy Category: B (insulin aspart) Pregnancy Category: C (insulin aspart protamine suspension/insulin aspart injection mixtures) Indications Control of hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Action Lowers blood glucose by : A rapid-acting insulin with more rapid onset and shorter duration than human regular insulin; should be used with an intermediate- or long-acting insulin. Therapeutic effects Control of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. Pharmacokinetics Distribution: Identical to endogenous insulin. Metabolism and Excretion: Metabolized by liver, spleen, kidney, and muscle. Half-life: Approximately 60–90 min. Time/action profile (hypoglycemic effect) Contraindications/Precautions Contraindicated in: Hypoglycemia; Allergy or hypersensitivity to insulin aspart. Use Cautiously in: Stress and infection, which may temporarily ↑ insulin requirements; Renal/hepatic impairment (may ↓ insulin requirements); Must be used with a longer-acting insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes; Concomitant use with pioglitazone or rosiglitazone (↑ risk of fluid retention and worsening HF) Obstetric: May temporarily ↑ insulin requirements; Pediatric: Children <6 yr (safety not established). Adverse Reactions/Side Effects Endocrinologic Local Miscellaneous allergic reactions including anaphylaxis (life-threatening) Interactions Drug-Drug interaction Beta blockers and clonidine may mask some of the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.Corticosteroids, thyroid supplements, estrogens, isoniazid, niacin,phenothiazines, and rifampin may ↑ insulin re Continue reading >>
Insulin
Insulin is a drug that is used to control glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is the only parenteral antidiabetic agent available for exogenous replacement of low levels of insulin. Insulin is the hormone produced by the pancreatic beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. It is released into circulation when the levels of glucose around the cells arise. Insulin circulates through the body and reacts with specific insulin receptor sites to stimulate the transport of glucose into cells to be used for energy (facilitated diffusion). Originally prepared from pork and beef pancreas, virtually all insulin is prepared by recombinant DNA technology now. This is a purer form of insulin and is not associated with sensitivity problems that many patients developed with the animal products. 1 Disease Spotlight: Diabetes Mellitus Disease Spotlight: Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus (literally, “honey urine”) is a condition wherein there is a complex disturbance in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. This alteration results in thickening of the layer below the endothelial lining of the blood vessels. This, in turn, causes narrowing, vessel remodeling, and decreased blood flow through vessels. Most frequent clinical signs include hyperglycemia (fasting blood sugar of >106 mg/dL) and the presence of sugar in the urine (glycosuria). Diabetes is classified into two: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is common in younger people and is connected with cases of viral destruction of beta cells of the pancreas. On the other hand, type 2 is adult-onset and is associated with not enough insulin to maintain glucose control. Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) results when there is an increase in glucose in the blood. Clinical signs and symptoms include fatigue, letha Continue reading >>
Nursing Care Plan For Diabetes
Grab Free Cheat Sheet Quick! Is this aPTT Count Dangerous? Hesitant? Never Feel Anxious About Lab Values Again... Diabetes Mellitus is when blood glucose (sugar in the blood) is unable to move into the cells and help in the making of ATPAKA energy. The body makes insulin to assist with this process. Insulin is a hormone that allows the sugar in the blood to move across the cell wall so the body can use to to produce ATP. There are two types of diabetes. Type I and Type II. Type I is an autoimmune disorder where the cells attack the insulin producing cells in the pancreas. Thus the body is producing very little or no insulin leaving the sugar in the blood and the cells starve. Type II is when the cells dont respond to the insulin trying to get sugar into them, called insulin resistance. Thus the sugar stays in the blood and the cells starve. The cause for Type I diabetes is unknown, but hypothesized to be potentially genetic or triggered by a virus. The cause for Type II diabetes is caused by a storm of events culminating such as weight gain, lack of activity, genetics, and stress levels. Blood sugar control with minimal side effects. Diabetes Mellitus (Type I and Type II) Nursing Care Plan Blood sugar monitoring: Normal range 70-180 mg/dL *patient may have a different target blood sugar level, make sure to know what each patients target is. The physician will make a target blood glucose level. Teach the patient that they need to monitor their blood glucose.They need to call their primary care physician if they have blood glucose levels higher than their target for multiple days or if they have 2 readings of greater than 300 mg/dL. Teach the patient how to use their glucometer and record their results. Insulin administration -Rapid Acting: Humalog Novolog -Fast/short Ac Continue reading >>
Drug Cards | Allnurses
We have just started these amazing little things called drug cards. Each 1 takes 30 min-1hr to complete. You take a drug list the trade names, the generic name, uses, actions, doses, adverse reactions, nursing considerations, and teaching. Have any of you done/started these? I think the will be very helpful once i get them done. Ugh. You should get some girls together and work in a group, make copies and share the info. When I was in clinical we would trade drug cards sometimes as we rotated patients. We have just started these amazing little things called drug cards. Each 1 takes 30 min-1hr to complete. You take a drug list the trade names, the generic name, uses, actions, doses, adverse reactions, nursing considerations, and teaching. Have any of you done/started these? I think the will be very helpful once i get them done. Ugh. We did drug cards also...with the same info as you are stating. Took me no longer than the time it took to write them..10 minutes (give or take) each. We had to do them for each med the patient was on. Some of our patients were on 15+ different meds. We had to hand them in with our clinical paperwork (Care plan, labs etc) the day after we were first with our patient. If it took me an hour per med, I'd be spending 15+ hrs on just that not adding in all the hours it took to do the paperwork. There would be absolutely no way it could physicall be done in the time time frame alloted. They do come in handy though. I put those cards in my pocket when I was on the floor with that patient. Nice easy quick reference. Be sure to do them, they really do help. Now in my LPN to RN bridge we have to do the drugs but now, we only have to put generic & trade name, the reason YOUR patient is on that med, and the action of the med and its all listed on the 'me Continue reading >>
