The Anabolic Power Of Insulin
Testosterone readers were orginally introduced to John Berardi last year and since then, he's keystroked several groundbreaking articles. He's also been instrumental in designing Biotest's new postworkout recovery drink, Biotest Surge. Within a week or two, we'll even be introducing John's new nutrition column. (We haven't decided on a title yet, but we've narrowed it down to two choices; either "An Appetite for Construction," or, "Eat Me, I'm a Tuber!") Given his involvement with Testosterone and Biotest, it seems somehow unnatural to present an interview with him as interviews are usually done to either introduce someone to the audience, or to pick the brain of an outsider who's not associated with the staff. However, since this interview with John was free-lanced and ended up covering topics that were so dang interesting, we thought we'd just break tradition and run it. Hence this exchange between John Berardi and Rob Wilkins, a Technical Sergeant in the US Air Force stationed at Patrick Air Force Base, Florida. Recently, Biotest and Testosterone magazine held their very first "No Holds Barred" bodybuilding workshop in Orlando, Florida. During the workshop, members of the Testosterone science team provided the audience with the latest and greatest information related to training, supplements, and nutrition to help them take their training to the next level. One of the speakers was John Berardi, who presented a fascinating presentation on insulin and the insulin index. Insulin is a hormone that regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and starches in the body, and it promotes muscle uptake of amino acids for making proteins. Berardi is a scientist and PhD candidate in the area of Exercise and Nutritional Biochemistry at the University of Western Ontario, Canad Continue reading >>
Identification Of An Early Transcriptomic Signature Of Insulin Resistance And Related Diseases In Lymphomonocytes Of Healthy Subjects
Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click here . Identification of an early transcriptomic signature of insulin resistance and related diseases in lymphomonocytes of healthy subjects Contributed equally to this work with: Alice Matone, Eleonora Derlindati Roles Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization, Writing original draft Affiliation The Microsoft ResearchUniversity of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy Contributed equally to this work with: Alice Matone, Eleonora Derlindati Roles Data curation, Investigation, Validation, Writing original draft Affiliation Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy Roles Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization, Writing original draft Affiliation The Microsoft ResearchUniversity of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy Continue reading >>
- Are Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Autoimmune Diseases?
- Identification of novel biomarkers to monitor β-cell function and enable early detection of type 2 diabetes risk
- Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin stores in the pancreas of subjects with type-2 diabetes and their lean and obese non-diabetic controls
Is Insulin Safe At Room Temperature?
We research whether it’s safe to use insulin in the fridge after a power outage. An Insulin Nation reader who experienced a power outage recently asked whether the insulin in his fridge was still safe to use. In the aftermath of Hurricanes Harvey and Irma, we thought this might be a good time to share a short primer about the subject. sponsor We asked certified diabetes educator Gary Scheiner of Integrated Diabetes Services about this, and he said that modern insulin formulations are designed so that vials can be stable at room temperature for close to a month. ConsumerMedSafety.org also states that an open vial of insulin is good at room temperature for 28 days. Thanks for reading this Insulin Nation article. Want more Type 1 news? Subscribe here. Unfortunately, that doesn’t cover every situation when the power goes out. Room temperature is generally agreed upon to be roughly in the range of 59 degrees fahrenheit to 77 degrees fahrenheit. Colder temperatures and hotter temperatures can diminish the effectiveness of the insulin; freezing temperatures can ruin insulin. (Also, be careful to keep insulin away from direct sunlight if you store it outside the fridge.) If you come home to a power outage after time away from home, you might have to do some detective work to determine whether the temperature of the room likely strayed from that “room temperature” range. In Texas and Florida, once the AC goes down, high temperatures could be very likely. sponsor A fridge’s insulation can help slow what’s inside from becoming the same temperature as the room for a while; Foodsafety.gov says most fridges can keep what’s inside cool for four hours, while a full freezer will keep things cool for roughly 48 hours. Keep in mind that not every fridge has the same amount o Continue reading >>
The Causes Of Insulin Resistance In Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes And Prediabetes (video)
Most people believe that people with type 1 diabetes are not insulin resistant simply because they are not overweight. This could not be farther from the truth. While insulin resistance affects many overweight individuals, many people with type 1 diabetes remain skinny their entire lives despite a large degree of insulin resistance (1–3). Over the past decade, I have helped many people with type 1 diabetes measure, track and reverse insulin resistance. In practice, 100% of all my clients with type 1 diabetes suffer from insulin resistance despite the assumption that they were insulin sensitive. By measuring their baseline insulin resistance, we were able to identify an impaired ability to utilize glucose as a fuel, and through dedicated diet modification and frequent exercise, some of my clients have reduced their insulin usage by as much as 60%. If you have type 1 diabetes, do not be fooled into thinking that you are insulin sensitive simply because you are skinny. Insulin resistance is a hidden condition, and affects both normal weight and overweight individuals (1–3). What Causes Insulin Resistance? Insulin resistance underlies all forms of diabetes, and is a condition which primarily affects your muscles, liver and adipose tissue. Many people think that diabetes is caused by an excess intake of sugar and candy starting from a young age. While eating artificial sweeteners and drinking soda can certainly increase your risk for the development of insulin resistance and diabetes, in most cases diabetes is caused by excessive FAT intake. The most important thing you can do as a person with diabetes is understand the following: Diabetes is caused by a fat metabolism disorder, which results in a glucose metabolism disorder. At the heart of all forms of diabetes is insu Continue reading >>
Brewing Insulin Using Genetically Modified Bacteria (#gmomonday)
Image: Africa Studio via Shutterstock.com The American Juvenile Diabetes Association estimates that about 3 million Americans suffer from type 1 diabetes. So perhaps, you, like me, know somebody who needs insulin in order to survive. Type 1 diabetes is a disease caused by the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin, a hormone that regulates the amount of sugar in the blood. I first learned about diabetes in grade school when a friend was diagnosed. His pancreas stopped producing the insulin his body needed, and he began drinking lots of water and feeling very sick. I went to the hospital with his family and learned how to give insulin injections and understand blood sugar measurements. One thing I didn’t learn at the time is the amazing biotechnology story behind the tiny bottles of life-saving insulin that showed up in his refrigerator. Insulin was first produced in the 1920s by scientists Frederick Banting and Charles Best. Banting and Best had discovered that insulin was the hormone that diabetics lacked, and they figured out a way to harvest insulin from animal pancreases. In what is commonly described as one of medicine’s “most dramatic moments,” scientists went into a diabetic children’s ward, injecting the comatose and dying children with this insulin. By the time they reached the far end of the ward, children on the near end were already waking up. The refining process for insulin was perfected, and up until the 1980s, people around the world relied on insulin from pigs and cows to lift the death sentence of diabetes. But porcine and bovine insulin, although similar to the human variety, were not exactly the same. Although most people have no problem using insulin from these animals, some reacted poorly to it. The chemical structure of human insulin Continue reading >>
All About Insulin
What is insulin? Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by the pancreas in response to increases in blood sugar, usually following a meal. However, you don’t have to eat a meal to secrete insulin. In fact, the pancreas always secretes a low level of insulin. After a meal, the amount of insulin secreted into the blood increases as blood sugar rises. Similarly, as blood sugar falls, insulin secretion by the pancreas decreases. Insulin thus acts as an “anabolic” or storage hormone. In fact, many have called insulin “the most anabolic hormone”. Once insulin is in the blood, it shuttles glucose (carbohydrates), amino acids, and blood fats into the cells of the body. If these nutrients are shuttled primarily into muscle cells, then the muscles grow and body fat is managed. If these nutrients are shuttled primarily into fat cells, then muscle mass is unchanged and body fat is increased. Insulin’s main actions Rapid (seconds) Increases transport of glucose, amino acids (among the amino acids most strongly transported are valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine), and potassium into insulin-sensitive cells Intermediate (minutes) Stimulates protein synthesis (insulin increases the formation of new proteins) Activates enzymes that store glycogen Inhibits protein degradation Delayed (hours) Increases proteins and other enzymes for fat storage Why is insulin so important? The pancreas releases insulin whenever we consume food. In response to insulin, cells take in sugar from the bloodstream. This ultimately lowers high blood sugar levels back to a normal range. Like all hormones, insulin has important functions, and an optimal level. Without enough insulin, you lose all of the anabolic effects, since there is not enough insulin to transport or store energy Continue reading >>
T:connect Application For Healthcare Providers
The questions below are frequently asked during customer service calls we have received. The answers are a summary only. The applicable product user guide should be consulted for a more complete explanation. In addition, the answers do not take the place of guidance or instructions you may receive from your health care provider. The information provided is not intended to be used for medical diagnosis or treatment or as a substitute for professional medical advice. If you still require assistance after consulting the guidance below, you may also contact our customer service team at (877) 801-6901. If you are having a medical emergency, please call 911. We have also created Quick-reference sheets that walk through how to use some of the most commonly used features of our pumps. They can be found, along with all the Tandem product user guides, on our Documents and Forms page. CHANGING SETTINGS How do I change my basal rate(s)/carb ratio(s)/correction factor(s)/target BG(s)? Click here for a document that walks you through the process for editing your Personal Profiles, which control all of those settings. My replacement pump shows “units” instead of “grams” on the bolus screen. How do I change it? Follow the above instructions to edit your active Personal Profile. Under “Bolus Setting” change Carbs to ON. How do I enter a BG without delivering a bolus? From the home screen, tap BOLUS Tap Add BG Using the onscreen keypad enter your BG Tap DONE If your BG is above your target, you will be asked if you would to add a Correction Bolus. Tap NO. If you have insulin on board, you will be cautioned your BG may drop low and advised to re-test BG as necessary. Tap the T button to return to the Home Screen. You will be warned that you may be in the middle of a process th Continue reading >>
Phd Public Health, Suez Canal University, Egypt
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of diseases characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both. The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The effects of diabetes mellitus include long–term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs. Diabetes mellitus may present with characteristic symptoms such as thirst, polyuria, blurring of vision, and weight loss. In its most severe forms, ketoacidosis or a non–ketotic hyperosmolar state may develop and lead to stupor, coma and, in absence of effective treatment, death. Often symptoms are not severe, or may be absent, and consequently hyperglycaemia sufficient to cause pathological and functional changes may be present for a long time before the diagnosis is made. The long–term effects of diabetes mellitus include progressive development of the specific complications of retinopathy with potential blindness, nephropathy that may lead to renal failure, and/or neuropathy with risk of foot ulcers, amputation, Charcot joints, and features of autonomic dysfunction, including sexual dysfunction. People with diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular, peripheral vascular and cerebrovascular disease. The development of diabetes is projected to reach pandemic proportions over the next10-20 years. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) data indicate that by the year 2025, the number of people affected will reach 333 million –90% of these people will have Type 2 diabetes. In most Western societies, the overall prevalence has reach Continue reading >>
Black Hat Hacker Details Lethal Wireless Attack On Insulin Pumps
Black Hat hacker details lethal wireless attack on insulin pumps Black Hat hacker details lethal wireless attack on insulin pumps By Sebastian Anthony on August 5, 2011 at 7:00 am This site may earn affiliate commissions from the links on this page. Terms of use . If you thought that unlocking cars via SMS was the definition of nefarious, think again: at the Black Hat security conference, security researcher Jerome Radcliffe has detailed how our use of SCADA insulin pumps, pacemakers, and implanted defibrillators could lead to untraceable, lethal attacks from half a mile away. Radcliffe, who is a diabetic with a wireless, always-attached insulin pump , was slightly worried that someone might hack his pump, meddle with its settings, and kill him and so, in true hacker fashion, he has spent the last two years trying to hack it himself. Unfortunately, he was very successful. He managed to intercept the wireless control signals, reverse them, inject some fake data, and then send it back to the pump. He could increase the amount of insulin injected by the pump, or reduce it. In both cases the pump showed no signs of being tampered with, and it did not generate a warning that he was probably about to die. Ican get full remote control, Radcliffe said. If I were an evil hacker,I could issue commands to give insulin, without anyone elses authority. This isscary. And I can manipulate the data so it happens in a stealth way. The problem with these wireless devices is that, rather insanely, they are not designed with security in mind. As with early computer networks, no one believes that someone would even try to hack a wireless insulin pump or pacemaker, and so they are left relatively unsecured. Some SCADA systems do use encryption, like the wireless control systems used by gove Continue reading >>
Chromium, Insulin Resistance And Prediabetes: Why You Have To Take Chromium
Chromium, Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes: Why You Have To Take Chromium Did you know when you have Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes your body is low in Chromium? It's true! Low Chromium, Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes all go hand in hand! So what's a woman to do? Read on to find out... Without enough Chromium, you'll have many problems in your bodyincluding Obesity, Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. Chromium is an essential mineral. This means youhave to have it so your body will work properly. Without Chromium, insulin cant do its job in your body (more on that in a bit). That's why low Chromium, Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes are all related! Chromium, Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes Your body is naturally able to take energy from your food and fuel your body with it. We've all been doing this for thousands of years! You digest your food, breaking it down into carbohydrates (glucose), fats and proteins. Glucose (made up mostly of digested carbohydrates) is sent into your bloodstream signaling the release of insulin from your pancreas. Insulin grabs the glucose from your blood and delivers the glucose into your cells (sort of like a Fedex delivery guy). Now you have energy to move, think, sleep, run and everything else your body does to stay alive. But sometimes there's a problem sometimes insulin doesn't grab that glucose from your blood and take it into your cells. Sometimes the insulin just zips around your bloodstream ignoring most of the glucose. When this happens it's called Insulin Resistance. Insulin Resistance happens BEFORE you get Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Your Insulin Resistance GETS WORSE when you have Prediabetes and then Type 2 Diabetes Insulin Resistance is closely associated with being Overweight or Obese Insulin Resistanceis lin Continue reading >>
Tools To Help You Manage Your Diabetes When Insulin Is Prescribed
It is estimated that one third of the U.S. population will be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus by the mid part of this century...perhaps even sooner if the rising trend in newly diagnosed diabetes cases continues. The vast majority of these diabetes cases will be type 2, the diabetes that results from the body’s own insulin not working as it should (what is referred to as “insulin resistance”), plus progressively less insulin being produced by the body’s pancreas. In the early stages of diabetes type 2, medication might not be necessary. Dietary changes, combined with increased physical activity, can be very effective in controlling blood sugar. Recommended dietary changes typically include an emphasis on decreasing sugary liquid and food intake and often also decreasing total calories to lose weight. Physical activity should be increased–which does not mean having to swim the ocean to China and back every night–but making an effort to routinely (daily) walk, garden, bike. The goal is to make muscles work, as this makes the body more sensitive to insulin...and more likely to make the insulin that is being made more efficient in its work in helping keep blood sugars within normal levels. As time progresses, medication will usually be needed to bring the blood sugar level down to normal levels. There are a variety of pills that work in different ways to help the body regulate sugar levels. Although typically one pill is prescribed, with doses adjusted depending on how well it works to get the blood sugar to goal levels. However, there is now a major, long-term study that is trying to answer a very important question: would it be better to start on a combination of two drugs? Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Continue reading >>
The Tumultuous Discovery Of Insulin: Finally, Hidden Story Is Told
TORONTO— The discovery of insulin at the University of Toronto 60 years ago ranks with the greatest moments in the history of medicine. For the first time, diabetic men and women, many of whom were until then doomed to an ineffectual starvation diet followed by coma and death within a year or two, were offered a treatment that restored them, sometimes in just a few weeks, to rosy-cheeked health. But no comprehensive, accurate and detailed account of the course of events that led to so astonishing a leap forward in the treatment of disease has ever appeared - neither at Toronto nor anywhere else. Some relevant documents were ignored by scholars; others were suppressed by the University of Toronto to avoid embarrassment to surviving researchers. But with the death of the last principal in 1978, historical research could begin without impediment. Michael Bliss, a historian at the university, believes he has now pulled the story together from partial accounts, published and unpublished, and by delving into such hitherto unexplored resources as the Nobel Prize archives at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. Professor Bliss's account, ''The Discovery of Insulin,'' to be published this month in Canada by McClelland & Stewart, and next month in this country by the University of Chicago Press, shows to an extent previously unmatched the full dimensions of the feuding and bickering, the jockeying for position and reward, the personal flaws and weaknesses, as well as strengths, of the all-too-human researchers whose achievement did so much for so many. As J.@J.@R. Macleod, one of the two men who shared a Nobel Prize for insulin in 1923, once said: ''If every discovery entails as much squabbling over priority, etc., as this one has, it will put the job of trying to make them o Continue reading >>
Harness The Power Of Insulin
How do you structure the diet to build muscle without getting fat, or lose bodyfat while gaining or maintaining muscle? There are plenty of strategies available that seek to address these goals, but so far the reviews have been mixed. Unfortunately there's no cookie-cutter, one-size-fits-all approach that works for every metabolism. The good news is that all effective dieting strategies have one thing in common: they make the best use of insulin. Insulin is a potent inducer of amino acid uptake and protein synthesis, making it the most "anabolic" hormone in the body. But insulin also has a darker side, as a potent inducer of fat storage. First Law of Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics states that, "The energy within a closed system remains constant." This means that energy can be transformed (changed to one form or another) but can't be created or destroyed. To lose weight, you need to take in less energy than you burn. To gain weight, you need to take in more energy than you burn. Eat too much and you'll get fat, no matter where the calories are coming from. It's that simple. There's no "magic" combination of macronutrients, micronutrients, meal timing, supplements, or even drugs to get around this. If you're the type that needs someone or something to blame, start with evolution, the universe, or the GOP. However, a calorie is not just a calorie in the long run. Different macronutrients produce different long-term effects hormonally and metabolically. Nutrient Partitioning: Macronutrients Matter While we can't alter the laws of the universe, we do have some say how energy from the food we eat is used. Nutrient partitioning determines what the body does with energy from the diet. Calories are either burned and used for immediate energy or stored for future Continue reading >>
Compact, Power-efficient Architectures Using Microvalves And Microsensors, For Intrathecal, Insulin, And Other Drug Delivery Systems
Get rights and content This paper describes a valve-regulated architecture, for intrathecal, insulin and other drug delivery systems, that offers high performance and volume efficiency through the use of micromachined components. Multi-drug protocols can be accommodated by using a valve manifold to modulate and mix drug flows from individual reservoirs. A piezoelectrically-actuated silicon microvalve with embedded pressure sensors is used to regulate dosing by throttling flow from a mechanically-pressurized reservoir. A preliminary prototype system is demonstrated with two reservoirs, pressure sensors, and a control circuit board within a 130cm3 metal casing. Different control modes of the programmable system have been evaluated to mimic clinical applications. Bolus and continuous flow deliveries have been demonstrated. A wide range of delivery rates can be achieved by adjusting the parameters of the manifold valves or reservoir springs. The capability to compensate for changes in delivery pressure has been experimentally verified. The pressure profiles can also be used to detect catheter occlusions and disconnects. The benefits of this architecture compared with alternative options are reviewed. Continue reading >>
The Facts About Insulin For Diabetes
Insulin is a hormone that your pancreas makes to allow cells to use glucose. When your body isn't making or using insulin correctly, you can take man-made insulin to help control your blood sugar. Many types can be used to treat diabetes. They're usually described by how they affect your body. Rapid-acting insulin starts to work within a few minutes and lasts for a couple of hours. Regular- or short-acting insulin takes about 30 minutes to work fully and lasts for 3 to 6 hours. Intermediate-acting insulin takes 2 to 4 hours to work fully. Its effects can last for up to 18 hours. Long-acting insulin can work for an entire day. Your doctor may prescribe more than one type. You might need to take insulin more than once daily, to space your doses throughout the day, and possibly to also take other medicines. How Do I Take It? Many people get insulin into their blood using a needle and syringe, a cartridge system, or pre-filled pen systems. The place on the body where you give yourself the shot may matter. You'll absorb insulin the most consistently when you inject it into your belly. The next best places to inject it are your arms, thighs, and buttocks. Make it a habit to inject insulin at the same general area of your body, but change up the exact injection spot. This helps lessen scarring under the skin. Inhaled insulin, insulin pumps, and a quick-acting insulin device are also available. When Do I Take It? It will depend on the type of insulin you use. You want to time your shot so that the glucose from your food gets into your system at about the same time that the insulin starts to work. This will help your body use the glucose and avoid low blood sugar reactions. For example, if you use a rapid-acting insulin, you'd likely take it 10 minutes before or even with your m Continue reading >>
