Diabetes Mellitus And Hypertension.
Abstract Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are common diseases that coexist at a greater frequency than chance alone would predict. Hypertension in the diabetic individual markedly increases the risk and accelerates the course of cardiac disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Our understanding of the factors that markedly increase the frequency of hypertension in the diabetic individual remains incomplete. Diabetic nephropathy is an important factor involved in the development of hypertension in diabetics, particularly type I patients. However, the etiology of hypertension in the majority of diabetic patients cannot be explained by underlying renal disease and remains "essential" in nature. The hallmark of hypertension in type I and type II diabetics appears to be increased peripheral vascular resistance. Increased exchangeable sodium may also play a role in the pathogenesis of blood pressure in diabetics. There is increasing evidence that insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia may play a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in both subtle and overt abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism. Population studies suggest that elevated insulin levels, which often occurs in type II diabetes mellitus, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Other cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic individuals include abnormalities of lipid metabolism, platelet function, and clotting factors. The goal of antihypertensive therapy in the patient with coexistent diabetes is to reduce the inordinate cardiovascular risk as well as lowering blood pressure. Continue reading >>
- Conjoint Associations of Gestational Diabetes and Hypertension With Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease in Parents: A Retrospective Cohort Study
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Diabetes and Hypertension: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association
Oxidative Stress: Link Between Hypertension And Diabetes
Redox homeostasis is essential for maintaining cellular structure and function, and is tightly regulated by exogenous and endogenous stimuli. When this homeostasis is disrupted, however, oxidative stress may lead to aberrant cell dysfunction and death and also contribute to disease development. In particular, the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and hypertension is well-established [1]. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity and insulin resistance [2]. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is an inflammatory adipokine that has been implicated in oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Aberrant Ang II secretion promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria via mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and III and a protein kinase C-dependent pathway, which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction [3]. Thus, understanding the role of RAS in oxidative stress is crucial for elucidating the pathogenesis and treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. The excessive ROS production induced by RAS activation affects several organs that have major roles in glucose metabolism, such as the pancreas, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. In pancreatic β-cells, chronic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia upregulate the RAS pathway, which results in oxidative stress and subsequent β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis [4]. Moreover, β-cells are more vulnerable to oxidative stress than other cells because their antioxidant capacity is weaker than that of other organs [5,6]. In this context, blocking the RAS system using angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) could help preserve β-cell function [7]. For example, the NAVIGATOR (Nateglinide and Va Continue reading >>
- Researchers Detail Link Between Stress and Diabetes
- Conjoint Associations of Gestational Diabetes and Hypertension With Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease in Parents: A Retrospective Cohort Study
- St. Luke’s Spotlights Critical Link Between Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Disease in Partnership with Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly and Company
Blood Pressure Linked To Diabetes In Major New Study
High blood pressure sufferers have an almost 60% greater chance of developing diabetes, according to a major global study, released today. Study author Professor Kazem Rahimi, Deputy Director of the George Institute for Global Health UK, based at the Oxford Martin School, said that in face of earlier conflicting and inconclusive reports, this study now reliably shows the connection between high blood pressure and diabetes and it could lead to new insights and strategies for treating and reducing the chances of developing diabetes. “This is potentially a game changer in the understanding and treatment of diabetes,” Prof Rahimi said. “Diabetes affects more than 400 million people worldwide and we know that diabetics are more likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease such as heart attacks, stroke and heart failure. “Confirming this connection reliably provides new hope for those people and new avenues for research. “We can’t say for certain that one causes the other, but this study helps to connect the dots, showing that if you have high blood pressure there is a significantly greater chance of developing diabetes. “Understanding the link will help us better communicate risks to patients and can provide another motivation for patients and doctors to aim for tight blood pressure control.” Professor Rahimi said that the link between hypertension and fatal heart issues had been well documented, but the connection to diabetes had been less clear. “Previous smaller studies have varied significantly or even found no link, but now we have something clear to go on,” he said. The study, which has been published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC), looked at the health records of 4.1 million adults in the UK who were initially free of d Continue reading >>
Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension And Obesity, And Health-related Quality Of Life In Gaziantep, A Central South-eastern City In Turkey
Abstract Aims and objectives. The main goal of nursing care should be to increase health-related quality of life as well as improve the medical status of patients with chronic disease. For this reason, this study aims to evaluate and compare the health-related quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity in Gaziantep, a south-eastern city in Turkey. Background. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity are the most decisive factors in terms of adversely affecting health-related quality of life. Design. A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used. Method. In this study, the research population included a total of 1601 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity patients. To evaluate health-related quality of life of patients, Short Form-36 (SF-36) was used. Student’s t-test, one-way anova and chi-square analyses were used for comparisons between groups. Results. In total, 18·1% of patients had combined obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus; 16·1% had hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Approximately 16·1% had only hypertension; 15·4% had obesity and hypertension; 13·3% had diabetes mellitus; 12·7% had obesity and diabetes mellitus; and 8·4% had obesity. The health-related quality of life physical component mean scores of patients with combined obesity and hypertension were lower than that of the other groups (p < 0·05). Health-related quality of life physical component mean scores were determined as 34·5 (SD 0·4), and mental component mean scores were determined as 43·9 (SD 4·4). Health-related quality of life physical component mean scores of moderately active patients were higher, while older age and lower educational and income levels had a negative effect on health-related quality of life (p < 0·05). Conclusio Continue reading >>
Diabetes And High Blood Pressure
People with diabetes are more likely to also have high blood pressure or hypertension. High blood pressure can increase the risk of diabetes complications such as diabetic eye and kidney problems. Managing blood pressure will be a part of a person's overall diabetes care plan. Diabetes and high blood pressure complications Having diabetes increases your risk of developing high blood pressure and other cardiovascular problems, because diabetes adversely affects the arteries, predisposing them to atherosclerosis - narrowing of the arteries. Atherosclerosis can cause high blood pressure, which if not treated, can lead to further blood vessel damage, and stroke, heart failure, heart attack, and kidney failure. Compared with people with normal blood pressure readings, men and women with hypertension have an increased risk of: Strokes Peripheral vascular disease (narrowing of the arteries in the legs and feet) Heart failure Even high yet normal blood pressure or pre-hypertension (defined as 120-139/ 80-89 millimetres of mercury or mmHg) has an impact on your health. Studies show that people with normal yet high range blood pressure readings, over a 10-year period of follow up time, had a two to three-fold increased risk of heart disease. What should blood pressure be if you have diabetes? Blood pressure readings vary, but in general if someone has diabetes their blood pressure should be less than 130/80 mmHg. The first number is the "systolic pressure" or the pressure in the arteries when your heart beats and fills the arteries with blood. The second number is the "diastolic pressure" or the pressure in the arteries when your heart rests between beats, filling itself with blood for the next contraction. Having normal blood pressure is as important in managing diabetes as havi Continue reading >>
Epidemiology Of Hypertension And Its Relationship With Type 2 Diabetes And Obesity In Eastern Morocco
Abstract The major objectives of this work are to estimate the hypertension (HT) frequency in the east of Morocco and to study the relationship between HT, type 2 diabetes and obesity. Our sample is composed of 1628 adults aged 40 years and older, recruited voluntarily by using the convenience sampling method through 26 screening campaigns in urban and rural areas of the east of Morocco. We enumerated 516 hypertensive people (31.7%), without significant difference between women (32.5%) and men (30.2%). The known hypertensive people represent 10.1% of the whole sample. The frequency of HT, increases with age and it is more marked in rural (39.9%) than in urban areas (29%) (p < 0.001). It is significantly very high in diabetic subjects (69.9%) than among the non-diabetic ones (27.4%) (p < 0.001). The odd ratio (OR) of the diabetics to HT is 6.16 (IC95% [4.33-8.74]). Among the obese persons, HT is present at (40.8%) vs. (30.2%) among the subjects of normal weight (p < 0.05). The OR of the obese to HT is 1.6 (IC95% [1.26 - 2.04]). In conclusion, our results show a high frequency of HT in the east of Morocco; it affects nearly one third of the adult population aged 40 years and older. The relations between type 2 diabetes and obesity have also been identified and estimated. Introduction Hypertension (HT) is a silent disease that affects the cardiovascular system and settles down without pain and symptoms at the beginning; therefore, it is bad or late diagnosed (WHO 2012; Nejjari et al. 2013). HT affects various organs and engenders grave affections; such as vascular cerebral accident and heart disorder (Nejjari et al. 2013). When the hypertensive patients are bad treated or untreated, the disease reduces the flexibility of arteries, what favors the apparition of the cardiac Continue reading >>
Diabetes And Depression: Coping With The Two Conditions
What's the connection between diabetes and depression? How can I cope if I have both? Answers from M. Regina Castro, M.D. If you have diabetes — either type 1 or type 2 — you have an increased risk of developing depression. And if you're depressed, you may have a greater chance of developing type 2 diabetes. The good news is that diabetes and depression can be treated together. And effectively managing one can have a positive effect on the other. How they're related Though the relationship between diabetes and depression isn't fully understood: The rigors of managing diabetes can be stressful and lead to symptoms of depression. Diabetes can cause complications and health problems that may worsen symptoms of depression. Depression can lead to poor lifestyle decisions, such as unhealthy eating, less exercise, smoking and weight gain — all of which are risk factors for diabetes. Depression affects your ability to perform tasks, communicate and think clearly. This can interfere with your ability to successfully manage diabetes. Managing the two conditions together Diabetes self-management programs. Diabetes programs that focus on behavior have been successful in helping people improve their metabolic control, increase fitness levels, and manage weight loss and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. They can also help improve your sense of well-being and quality of life. Psychotherapy. Similarly, participants in psychotherapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy, have reported improvements in depression, which has resulted in better diabetes management. Medications and lifestyle changes. Medications — for both diabetes and depression — and lifestyle changes, including different types of therapy coupled with regular exercise, can improve both conditions. C Continue reading >>
How Psoriasis And Type 2 Diabetes May Be Linked
It’s hard to believe that the psoriasis plaques on the surface of your skin can put you at risk for serious health problems down the road, but it's true — and that risk is real. Studies continue to show a link between psoriasis and type 2 diabetes, underlining the importance for people with the skin disease to pay attention to their overall health. A Danish study published in August 2013 in the journal Diabetes Care followed more than 52,000 people with psoriasis ages 10 and older for 13 years, and compared them to the rest of the Danish population. The researchers found that everyone with psoriasis, whether it was mild or severe, was at higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes — and the more severe the psoriasis, the higher the risk for diabetes. A University of Pennsylvania study published in September 2012 in JAMA Dermatology compared more than 100,000 people with psoriasis to 430,000 people who didn’t have it. The researchers found that those with a severe case of psoriasis were 46 percent more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those without psoriasis. People who had a mild case of psoriasis had an 11 percent higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The risk was higher even among psoriasis patients who didn’t have other risk factors commonly associated with diabetes, such as obesity. As a result, the researchers estimated 115,500 new cases of diabetes a year are due to the risk from psoriasis. In addition to diabetes, psoriasis complications include a higher risk for metabolic syndrome, heart disease, stroke, and death related to cardiovascular problems. Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania published a study in October 2013 in JAMA Dermatology showing that psoriasis is associated with many diabetes complications, including those affecting Continue reading >>
Relationship Between Diabetes And Ischemic Stroke: Analysis Of Diabetes- Related Risk Factors For Stroke And Of Specific Patterns Of Stroke Associated With Diabetes Mellitus
1Internal Medicine Ward,Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), Università degli Studi di Palermo (Italy) 2Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy Citation: Tuttolomondo A, Maida C, Maugeri R, Iacopino G, Pinto A (2015) Relationship between Diabetes and Ischemic Stroke: Analysis of Diabetes-Related Risk Factors for Stroke and of Specific Patterns of Stroke Associated with Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Metab 6:544. doi:10.4172/2155-6156.1000544 Copyright: © 2015 Tuttolomondo A, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Visit for more related articles at Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism Abstract Diabetes and ischemic stroke are common diseases that frequently occurring together. Among patients with diabetes mellitus several factors contribute in varying degrees to the overall cerebrovascular risk including hyperglycemia, vascular risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia and also genetic, demographic, and lifestyle factors and several studies have shown that people with diabetes have approximately twice the risk of ischemic stroke compared with those without diabetes. The association between ischemic stroke and diabetes is bidirectional and it is not limited to acute ischemic stroke since diabetes may contribute to a more insidious brain damage represented by lacunar infarcts increasing the risk of dementia and leading to a steeper decline in cognitive function. The higher cerebrovascular risk profile of subjects with diabetes mellitus emphasizes the Continue reading >>
Controlling Hypertension In Patients With Diabetes
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are common diseases in the United States. Patients with diabetes have a much higher rate of hypertension than would be expected in the general population. Regardless of the antihypertensive agent used, a reduction in blood pressure helps to prevent diabetic complications. Barring contraindications, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are considered first-line therapy in patients with diabetes and hypertension because of their well-established renal protective effects. Calcium channel blockers, low-dose diuretics, beta blockers, and alpha blockers have also been studied in this group. Most diabetic patients with hypertension require combination therapy to achieve optimal blood pressure goals. Nearly one in four adults in the United States has hypertension, and more than 10 million adults have diabetes.1 Moreover, hypertension is twice as common in persons with diabetes as it is in others.2 Obesity may be a common link between the two disorders, but other factors such as insulin resistance3 and autonomic dysfunction4 may also be involved. Excess weight with truncal obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia are among the components of the metabolic syndrome, which has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease.5 In general, only 25 percent of patients with hypertension have adequate control of their blood pressure.6 Blood pressure goals are lower, and thus more difficult to achieve, in patients who also have diabetes. Elevated blood pressure is known to contribute to diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications (Table 1).4,7,8 Fortunately, reductions in blood pressure can decrease the risk of these complications.8 TABLE 1 Microvascular complications Renal d Continue reading >>
Link Between Insulin Resistance And Hypertension: What Is The Evidence From Evolutionary Biology?
Abstract Insulin resistance and hypertension are considered as prototypical “diseases of civilization” that are manifested in the modern environment as plentiful food and sedentary life. The human propensity for insulin resistance and hypertension is a product, at least in part, of our evolutionary history. Adaptation to ancient lifestyle characterized by a low sodium, low-calorie food supply and physical stress to injury response has driven our evolution to shape and preserve a thrifty genotype, which is favorite with energy-saving and sodium conservation. As our civilization evolved, a sedentary lifestyle and sodium- and energy-rich diet, the thrifty genotype is no longer advantageous, and may be maladaptive to disease phenotype, such as hypertension, obesity and insulin resistance syndrome. This article reviews human evolution and the impact of the modern environment on hypertension and insulin resistance. Background Diminished tissue sensitivity to insulin is a characteristic of various pathological conditions termed the insulin resistance syndrome, also known as the metabolic syndrome or cardiometabolic syndrome [1]. The metabolic syndrome is not a single disease, but rather a complex cluster of symptoms that include a large waist circumference, hypertension, hyperglycermia, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, all of which are commonly associated with increased risk of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes [2]. Since patients with metabolic syndrome are commonly afflicted with cardiovascular morbidities, the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases share common pathways including increased oxidative stress, defective glucose, lipid metabolism, low grade inflammation, hypercoagulability and endothelial damage. Previously, investigators proposed to use the “circul Continue reading >>
- More Evidence of Link Between Statins and Diabetes
- Conjoint Associations of Gestational Diabetes and Hypertension With Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease in Parents: A Retrospective Cohort Study
- St. Luke’s Spotlights Critical Link Between Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Disease in Partnership with Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly and Company
Type 2 Diabetes And Hypertension
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a condition that’s often present in people with type 2 diabetes. It’s unknown why there’s such a significant correlation between the two diseases. It’s believed that obesity, a diet high in fat and sodium, and inactivity contribute to both conditions. Hypertension is known as a “silent killer” because it has no obvious symptoms and many people are unaware that they have it. A 2013 survey by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) found that fewer than half of people at risk for heart disease or type 2 diabetes reported discussing biomarkers, including blood pressure, with their care providers. If you have hypertension, it means that your blood is pumping through your heart and blood vessels with too much force. Over time, consistently high blood pressure tires the heart muscle and can enlarge it. In 2008, 67 percent of adults aged 20 and over with self-reported diabetes had blood pressure rates of greater than 140/90. In the general population and in people with diabetes, a blood pressure reading of less than or equal to 140/90 is considered normal. What does this mean? The first number (140) is called the systolic pressure. It indicates the highest pressure exerted as blood pushes through your heart. The second number (90) is called the diastolic pressure. This is the pressure maintained by the arteries when the vessels are relaxed between heartbeats. Healthy people should get their blood pressure checked several times a year. People with diabetes need to be even more vigilant. If you have diabetes, you should have your pressure checked at least four times each year. If you have diabetes and high blood pressure, the ADA recommends that you self-monitor at home, record the readings, and share them with your doctor. Ac Continue reading >>
- Conjoint Associations of Gestational Diabetes and Hypertension With Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease in Parents: A Retrospective Cohort Study
- Diabetes and Hypertension: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association
- Increased heart rate and cardiovascular risk in hypertension and diabetes
High Blood Pressure 'increases Risk Of Diabetes By 60%'
INDYPULSE High blood pressure 'increases risk of diabetes by 60%' Having high blood pressure raises your risk of developing diabetes by 60 per cent, a major global study has confirmed. Although a well-known risk factor for heart disease and stroke, the links between high blood pressure and diabetes had been less certain. Now a team of researchers have confirmed the connection following a trawl through more than four million patient records. The study does not show that high blood pressure causes diabetes, but the researchers said that conclusive evidence of the link between the two was a possible “game-changer” which could lead to better treatment. High blood pressure is often linked to obesity, which is one of the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Professor Kazem Rahimi, deputy director of the George Institute for Global Health, who led the research, said people with diabetes were also more likely to suffer from heart attacks, stroke and heart failure. “Confirming this connection reliably provides new hope for those people and new avenues for research,” he said. “Understanding the link will help us better communicate risks to patients and can provide another motivation for patients and doctors to aim for tight blood pressure control.” The study is published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. High blood pressure can be prevented by eating healthily, watching our weight, getting exercise, not drinking too much alcohol and not smoking. Rates of diabetes in the UK have soared by nearly 60 per cent in the past decade, according to the charity Diabetes UK and treating the condition and its many potential complications costs the NHS an estimated £10bn a year. The increase is thought to be a consequence of growing rates of overweight and ob Continue reading >>
The Link Between Hypertension And Diabetes Explained
People suffering from type 2 diabetes can often develop hypertension, or high blood pressure. The reason for such a strong link between type 2 diabetes and hypertension is still widely unknown. Due to the increasing rates of inactivity and high-fat, high-sodium diets in the US obesity has become a serious issue that can lead to both hypertension and diabetes. The ADA (American Diabetes Association) conducted a survey reporting that people at risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease have talked with their doctors about internal health measures, such as blood pressure, in less than half of the cases. This allows hypertension to fly under the radar undetected, as it does not have any clear symptoms and most people are unaware they have hypertension. Because of this, hypertension has earned the nickname the “silent killer”. Hypertension occurs when blood is pumped through the blood vessels and heart with excessive force. This can lead to the muscles in the heart becoming exhausted and enlarged from the effort. A blood pressure reading of 120/80 or lower is considered to be a normal rate with healthy people. According to the American Heart Association (AHA) people are at risk of hypertension when their blood pressure reaches 140/90 or higher. Due to the risk type 2 diabetics have of developing hypertension, it is recommended that they aim to maintain a blood pressure reading of 135/80 or lower. It is important for people to understand what their blood pressure represents and regularly check their blood pressure several times a year. How do I read my blood pressure? The initial number indicated by a blood pressure reading is the systolic pressure. This number represents the pressure from blood pushing through the heart. The second number shown is the diastolic pressure. Continue reading >>
- Conjoint Associations of Gestational Diabetes and Hypertension With Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease in Parents: A Retrospective Cohort Study
- St. Luke’s Spotlights Critical Link Between Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Disease in Partnership with Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly and Company
- Does 'Brown Fat' Explain a Link Between Temperature and Diabetes?
Relationship Between Obesity, Hypertension And Diabetes, And Health-related Quality Of Life Among The Elderly
The population-based study covered 3567 participants, representative of the Spanish non-institutionalized population aged 60 years and above. Data were gathered from home-based interviews and from the measurements of blood pressure and other anthropometric variables. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the relationships between health-related quality of life, on each scale of the SF-36 questionnaire, and obesity (waist circumference > 102 cm in men and >88cm in women), hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg), and known diabetes, after adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Patients with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, or a combination of these factors were, in general, associated with a worse health-related quality of life, on both the physical and the mental scales, than those without these factors, though statistical significance (P<0.05) was only attained for some relationships. Obesity in women (−2.9 to −6.7 points, according to the scale) and diabetes in men (−6.1 to −16.4 points, according to the scale) were the factors most closely and significantly associated with diminished health-related quality of life. Women who had all three factors showed the maximum decline in health-related quality of life (−10.2 to −17.7 points, according to the scale). Continue reading >>
