Carbohydrates
Sort All of the following are correct about applying the glycemic index EXCEPT: a. results vary with the time of day. b. research results confirm the benefits of diabetics applying glycemic index principles. c. food factors may change glycemic index results. d. people's glycemic responses to food vary widely Research results concerning diabetes and the glycemic index are mixed, and no conclusions can be drawn at this time. See page 129 All of the following are warning signs of diabetes EXCEPT: a. drowsiness. b. itching. c. frequent infections of the skin, gums, vagina, or urinary tract. d. reduced urination. reduced urination Scientific studies have consistently demonstrated that increased blood insulin levels cause excess body fatness and obesity. a. True b. False False. Although insulin disturbances may trigger weight gain, this scientific truth remains: insulin can only assist in the storage of body fat when calories taken in are in excess of need. See page 148 Which of the following parts of a wheat kernel is especially rich in vitamins and minerals? a. endosperm b. germ c. husk d. bran germ How many grams of fiber per day does the American Dietetic Association suggest for an average adult? a. 35-45 grams per day b. 20-35 grams per day c. 10-20 grams per day d. 5-10 grams per day •Men, age 19-50: 38 g/day. •Men, age 51 and up: 30 g/day. •Women, age 19-50: 25 g/day. •Women, age 51 and up: 21 g/day. •No Tolerable Upper Intake Level for fiber has been established. Which of the following would be the most nutrient-dense choice from the grains group? a. English muffin b. doughnut c. croissant d. biscuit English Muffin Which of the following carbohydrates is NOT found in foods from plants? a. sucrose b. glycogen c. starch d. fructose glycogen.Liver and muscle ce Continue reading >>
Nutrition Ch 5 Flashcards | Quizlet
transport digested fat through the bloodstream the process by which bile acids mix dietary fats Components in cell membranes that facilitate passage of fat-soluble nutrients fat found in foods and manufactured by the body that is both essential and potentially harmful food processing technique that adds hydrogen to unsaturated bonds Omega-3 and omega-6 are referred to as ______ fatty acids bc they are needed but cannot be made by the human body Fatty acids that have only single bonds between all carbons Distinguishing feature of the protein chemical structure DNA contains this, tells the body how to assemble proteins The study of how nutrients influence gene activity Increased dietary protein can lead to increased excretion of this mineral Proteins that provide sufficient quantities of essential amino acids When dietary protein intake increases, the body's production of this increases Amino acids can be used to make glucose if insufficient dietary _______ are consumed Adequate dietary fiber intake may protect the body from developing _______ cancer added sugars int he diet that ferment in the mouth can lead to ________ Classification system that quantifies how food impact blood glucose levels Hormone secreted by the pancreas that is essential for maintaining healthy blood glucose levels Nonstarch polysaccharides that the body cannot digest and use for energy Blood cholesterol levels can be regulated in part by consuming _________ Type of cholesterol in a lipid profile that is positively correlated with someone's risk for a heart attack Continue reading >>
Chapter 4 Nutrition Flashcards | Quizlet
Which of the following is a characteristic of dietary fibers? c. They are usually found in high-fat foods d. They are classified according to solubility in water they are usually classified according to solubility in water With few exceptions, all of the following characteristics are shared by water-soluble and water-insoluble fibers except a. they are found only in plant-derived foods. b. they consist primarily of nonstarch polysaccharides. c. neither has an appreciable effect on glucose absorption. d. their consumption enhances stool formation and elimination. neither has an appreciable effect on glucose absorption Which of the following fibers is water insoluble? Which of the following is a characteristic of the sugar replacers (sugar alcohols)? c. They demonstrate fewer GI side effects than the alternative sweeteners d. They are less effective than alternative sweeteners in inhibiting dental caries Which of the following is a general feature of the sugar alcohols (sugar replacers)? a. They provide less than 1 kcalorie per gram c. They are rapidly absorbed from the intestines d. They cannot be metabolized by cariogenic bacteria they cannot be metabolized by carriogenic bacteria Which of the following is not a feature of high-fiber foods? c. Usually lower in fat and simple sugars d. Provide more energy per gram than processed foods Which of the following is not a simple carbohydrate? Which of the following is a characteristic of lipids? a. A quick way to spoil fats is by exposure to carbon dioxide b. Typically, the shorter the carbon chain, the firmer the fat at 75 c. Corn oil and sunflower are more prone to spoilage than palm kernel oil d. Palm oil and coconut oil are very liquid due to their longer carbon chains Corn oil and sunflower are more prone to spoilage tha Continue reading >>
Chapter 4 - Nutrition
Sort type 2 is the more common type where cells resist insulin. Cells fail to respond to insulin or the insulin amount is insufficient). This condition tends to occur as a consequence of obesity. The pancreas produces enough insulin but the cell surface receptors have lost much of their ability to recognize the insulin and don't respond. Dietary carbohydrate does not cause diabetes. Many people with this type of diabetes are obese. Obesity is clearly a factor in this type. As the incidence of obesity in the U.S. has risen in recent decades, the incidence of diabetes has followed. An obese person is 3x more likely to develop this disease than a nonobese individual Continue reading >>
Nutrition Chapters 4
Which monosaccharide is responsible for the sweet taste of fruit? The best bread choice to provide the whole grain you need in your diet would be: Which of the following is not one of the complex carbohydrates? Which of the following foods has the greatest cholesterol lowering effect? When the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the first organ to respond is the: A person with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes has just been advised that he should begin a 2100 calories diet with 45% of the energy coming from carbohydrate. How many grams of carbohydrate would that be? Potential harmful effects of too much fiber include: Hormones play an important role in regulating blood glucose levels. For example: epinephrine increases breakdown of liver glycogen to provide glucose in times of danger When considering the health impact of diabetes it is important to remember that: if poorly controlled can damage organs/tissues in body The DRI for total carbohydrates for an average sized adult is ___ grams per day. Which of the following helps prevent type 2 diabetes? Characteristics of type 2 diabetes include all of the following except: Which of the following is the preferred fuel for most body functions? Carbohydrates are essential to provide energy for the body because: glucose that is produced is vital to fuel most body's cells Which of the following would be appropriate to try if you experience symptoms of hypoglycemia? eat regularly timed meals and consume protein with carbohydrate Which protein foods are good sources of carbohydrate? All of the following are health benefits of insoluble fiber except: Which of the following is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes? immune system attacks the cells of the pancreas and no longer produces insulin Which of the following animal derived Continue reading >>
Fn Ch 4&5 Flashcards | Quizlet
What monosaccharide is part of each disaccharide? What are the differences between the disaccharides? Maltose, sucrose and lactose. Pairs of monosaccharides linked together. What is the difference in the chemical bonds in starch and those in cellulose? Cellulose bonds are not hydrolyzed by human enzymes What percentage of the world's adult population shows good tolerance to lactose? What is the minimal daily amount of carbohydrate needed to spare body protein? The making of a new glucose from a noncarbohydrate source What is the first organ to respond to an increase in blood glucose concentration? How does the body respond to changes in blood glucose? Blood glucose levels that fall too low signal the release of glucagon A method of classifying foods according to their potential for raising blood glucose What is the predominant sweetener used in formulating beverages? What percentage of the days total kcal intake should be provided by carbohydrates? The chief form of fat in the diet and the major storage form of fat in the body; composed of a molecule of glycerol with three fatty acids What is the chief dietary source of short-chain and medium chain fatty acids? What oils are high in monounsaturated fatty acids? What oils are high in omega-3 fatty acids? One of the phospholipids. Both nature and the food industry use lecithin as an emulsifier to combine water-soluble and fat-soluble ingredients that do not ordinarily mix What is the source of "good" cholesterol? How does soluble fiber thought to help lower blood cholesterol? It enhances excretion of bile leading to increased cholesterol turnover Continue reading >>
Understanding Nutrition Chapter 4 Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a feature of lactose? B. It is found in various amounts in most animal foods C. It causes frequest allergies in certain population groups D. It is used as a filler in one out of five perscription drugs D. It is used as a filler in one out of five prescription drugs Which of the following provides the most fiber? Why are hard cheeses lower in lactose than soft cheeses? B. More lactose is removed during manufacturing. C. The bacterial culture is selected to degrade more of the lactose. D. The lactose molecules condense to form a poorly digested oligosaccharide B. More lactose is rmoved during manufacturing. What is the minimum daily amount of dieary carbohydrate necessary to spare body protein from excessive breakdown? Which of the following is a feature of diabetes? A. Type 1 diabetes is also known as adult-onset diabetes. B. It is believed to be caused by abnormal intake of dietary carbohydrates. C. The insulin-dependent type is more common than the noninsulin-dependent type. D. Dietary management should focus on total carbohydrate intake rather than the type of carbohydrate consumed. D. Dietary management should focus on the total carbohydrate intake rather than the type of carbohydrate consumed. Which of the following is a feature of diabetes? A. Many people with type 2 diabetes are obese. B. Most people who have diabetes require insulin therapy. C. Diabetes results chiefly from excess dietary intake of simple carbohydrates. D. People with type 1 diabetes fail to respond to the insulin mady the the pancreas. A. Many people with type 2 diabetes are obese. Which of the following statements describes the glycemic effect of foods? A. A measure of how fast and high the food causes the blood glucose to rise B. The newest, most practical means for Continue reading >>
- Diabetes Diet: Why Limiting Processed Foods Is A Healthy Choice
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- Relative effectiveness of insulin pump treatment over multiple daily injections and structured education during flexible intensive insulin treatment for type 1 diabetes: cluster randomised trial (REPOSE)
Nutrition Test 2 Flashcards | Quizlet
What is the primary organ that converts fructose to glucose following absorption? Which of the following is a general feature of the sugar alcohols (sugar replacers)? They cannot be metabolized by cariogenic bacteria What is the first organ to receive carbohydrates absorbed from the intestine? Which of the following is a feature of the condition hypoglycemia? It occurs rarely in otherwise healthy people In the time between meals, what organ releases glucose to help maintain normal blood glucose levels? All of the following are properties of fiber except In what organ is most of the body's glycogen found? Which of the following is a byproduct of the condensation of two molecules of glucose? When consumed in excess, which of the following is most likely to lead to diarrhea? What term describes how quickly glucose is absorbed from a food after ingestion, how high blood glucose rises as a result, and how quickly blood glucose returns to normal? Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dietary phytic acid? Approximately what fraction of the body's total glycogen content is found in the liver? A person diagnosed with milk allergy would be sensitive to the milk's What is the first organ to respond to an increase in blood glucose concentration? In general, modifying a diet that by substituting complex carbohydrates for pure sugars results in a diet that is higher in Continue reading >>
Chapter 4: Carbohydrates
In which of the following are ample amounts of carbohydrates almost always found? What is NOT a source of dietary carbohydrates? White sugar, disaccharides, monosaccharides How many carbon atoms are found in most common dietary monosaccharides? What type of atoms are NOT found in a glucose molecule? Types of atoms found in a glucose molecule What is known as blood sugar or dextrose? what component accounts for the usually sweet taste of fruits? It is soluble in water, it is a monosaccharide, it is part of the sucrose molecule What is the sweetest tasting simple carbohydrate in the diet? Typical dietary sources of carbohydrate do not include... Typical dietary sources of carbohydrate include... Milk that is treated with a commercially available lactase preparation undergoes what change? What is the reaction that links two monosaccharides together? which is a byproduct of condensation of two molecules of glucose? The chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is termed? the chief carbohydrate in beet sugar is... What is a component of all three dietary disaccharides? What is the principle carbohydrate of milk? What is the name of the animal polysaccharide composed of glucose units? Glycogen is stored mainly in which tissues? What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in the body? What is NOT a rich source of dietary starch? What is the staple grain of Canada, the United States, and Europe? What is the predominant grain product in much of South and Central America? What are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin? What is described as a nonstarch polysaccharide? What is an example of the difference between the chemical bonds in starch and those in cellulose? Cellulose bonds are not hydrolyzed by human enzymes An example of a nonpolysacchar Continue reading >>
Carbohydrates Flashcards | Quizlet
what are the three types of monosaccharides? Which cells depends exclusively on glucose? what are the three types of disaccharides? what type of sugar is referred to as "table sugar"? what type of sugar is absorbed directly into your blood stream? what type of sugar must be digested before it enters your blood stream? what releases glucose into the blood stream? what is the most important monosaccharide in the body? what is a plant's storage form of glucose? what is animal's and human's storage form of glucose? what type of fiber does not dissolve in water? Which chemical floods the bloodstream when the blood glucose concentration drops and cells need energy? The first organ to respond to a rise in blood glucose levels is the What percentage of total calories is recommended to be provided by carbohydrates? what monosaccharide is ted up in milk sugar until it is freed during digestion? what is the sweetest of the monosaccharides? because people can digest the starch to glucose and extract the sun's energy stored in its chemical bonds Can human digestive enzymes break the chemical bonds of fiber? _____ is susceptible to fermentation by bacteria in the colon what are the four main parts of the kernel? what parts of the grain kernels do whole-grain flours retain? where does the digestion of starch begin? in the mouth when enzymes in saliva begin to split starch into shorter units what is an underlying factor in type 2 diabetes? Continue reading >>
Nutrition 101 Flashcards | Quizlet
the principal carbohydrate in milk is_____ The benefit of a placebo is that_________ the first organ to respond to an increase in blood glucose concentration is the __________ what are cellulose, pectin, hemicullose and liphin? what is a component of all 3 dietary disaccharides? Where in the GI tract does it contain highly acidic digestive juices? What is a fatty acid with one double bond? In which condition would the pancreas be unable to synthesize insulin? The most common cause for the development of ulcers is_______ Who is the most appropriate person to consult regarding nutrition information? The element found in proteins that makes their composition unique in comparison to carbs and fats is _________ What is the predominant sweetener used in beverages? A healthy choice for proteins according to USDA Food Patterns is ________ What foods contain cholesterol? Corn or roasted turkey what is the normal range of blood glucose? what component accounts for the usually sweet taste of fruit? The leading cause of death for US women is__________ The chief form of fat found in food, and a primary form of fat in the body is _____________ A person who produces a normal amount of insulin but whose cells show sub-optimal response is ________________ When blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose? High blood levels of _________ correlates with a high risk of heart attack. the process in which hydrogens are added to unsaturated fats to make them solid __________ do not yield energy during metabolism what is the process in which food is broken down? what speeds the passage of substances through the large intestine, thereby decreasing exposure time to carcinogens? is the "estimated average allowance" a set of values Continue reading >>
When The Blood Glucose Level Rises After A Meal, The First Organ To Respond Is The
The term "____" has no legal definition but is often used on food labels to imply wholesomeness. What type of research studies populations and is often used to search for correlations between dietary habits and disease incidence? Which of the following conditions is the most nutrition responsive? You can tell a claim about nutrition is suspect if it bears the following characteristics: It is being made by an advertiser who is paid to make claims. The source of valid nutrition information is If a person has the inherited genetic coding that is related to heart disease, what effect might dietary practices have on this person's health? They will have differing effects dependent upon the type of genetic messages. Characteristics of a legitimate and qualified nutrition expert include: Graduation from a university after completing a program of dietetics. Mid-decade progress in meeting the nutrition objectives for the nation as part of Healthy People 2010 included all of the following except: Reductions in the number of overweight people. If a nutrient does NOT have a Tolerable Upper Intake Level, this means that: Insufficient data exists to establish a value. Which of the following foods do not fit into any of the five major food groups in the USDA Food Guide? a necessary nutrient that can be obtained only from the diet. A compound in cranberries may prevent some bacteria from clinging to the urinary tract and help prevent urinary tract infections. This compound is an example of a: The abundance of types of foods today has made it: more difficult to plan a nutritious diet. Which of the following are characteristics of alcohol? It contributes to calories, and it interferes with repair of body tissues. Your best friend tells you that she has started taking vitamin supplements Continue reading >>
Nutrition Ch. 4 Flashcards | Quizlet
The first organ to respond to a rise in blood glucose levels is the: Answer: B. The pancreas responds by releasing the hormone insulin, which signals the body's tissues to take up surplus glucose. All of the following are characteristics of a diet recommended for a diabetic EXCEPT: Answer: D. The diet recommended for a diabetic should be adequate but not too high in protein. What percentage of total calories is recommended to be provided by carbohydrates? Which of the following vegetables would provide the most carbohydrate? Answer: B. Starchy vegetables, including cooked dry beans provide as much as 15 grams of carbohydrate per 1-2 cup serving. Which of the following is correct concerning honey? B. It contains more calories per teaspoon than sugar. D. It contains significant amounts of iron & magnesium compared to sucrose. Answer: B. Because the dry crystals of sugar take up more space than the sugars of honey dissolved in its water. Which of the following is a characteristic of a type 1 diabetic? A. Drugs are often prescribed to stimulate the person's own insulin production. D. Their pancreas makes little or no insulin. Answer: D. The person must receive insulin from an external source. The US Enrichments Act of 1942 was amended in 1996 to include which vitamin? Continue reading >>
Nutrition 1000 Exam Ii
What part of a wheat kernel is especially rich in vitamins and minerals? How many grams of fiber per day does the dietary reference intake suggest for an average adult? what monosaccharide rarely occurs freely in nature but is tied up in milk sugar until it is freed during digestion? What is the minimum DRI amount of carbohydrate needed to fee the brain and ward off ketosis? what carbohydrates is not found in foods from plants? Once in the bloodstream, the absorbed carbohydrates travel to the liver, which converts them to: What is not a health related effect attributed to dietary fibers? Which sugar needs no digestion and can be absorbed directly into the blood? As the age, upwards of 75% of the worlds people lose much of their ability to produce the enzyme_____________. When the body faces a severe carbohydrate deficit, it is forced to turn to _____________ to make glucose for energy. Which of the following statements about diabetes is incorrect? Type 1 diabetes is the predominant form of diabetes. Which of the following foods provides almost no carbohydrates? Which of the following diet recommendations is not recommended for those with diabetes? Diet should be adequate in supplements to avoid deficiencies. Which of the following are the monosaccharides? All of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia except: All of the following are consequences of consuming a diet that produces chronic ketosis except: which of the following cells depends exclusively on glucose? which chemical floods the bloodstream when the blood glucose concentration drops and cells need energy? the first organ to respond to a rise in blood glucose levels is the all of the following are characteristics of a diet recommended for a diabetic except What percentage of total calories is recommended to Continue reading >>
Nutrition Carbohydrates Test
Many people with type 2 diabetes are obese In which of the following are ample amounts of carbohydrates almost always found? complex carbohydrate: made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form that the body can digest. The types of atoms found in a glucose molecule include all of the following except? what component accounts for the usually sweet taste of fruits? What is the sweetest tasting simple carbohydrate in the diet? What is the reaction that links two monosaccharides together? The chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is termed? What is the principle carbohydrate of milk? Glycogen is stored mainly in which tissues? What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in the body? What is the staple grain of Canada, the United States, and Europe? What is the predominant grain product in much of South and Central America? What plays a major role in the breakdown of certain types of of dietary fiber in the large intestine? All of the following are properties of fiber except? What is NOT a symptom of lactose intolerance? What percent of the world's adult population shows good tolerance to lactose ingestion? What is the least likely to be connected with the development of lactose intolerance a person diagnosed with milk allergy would be sensitive to the milk's For most of the world's population, what is the effect of aging on the activity of lactase? Which of the following is a characteristic of yogurt? at rest, the typical body stores of glycogen can provide energy for a maximum of about You have just finished a light breakfast of wheat toast and jelly. Which series of events proceeds upon digestion/absorption of the meal until it is near time for lunch? A) Blood glucose rises, the pancreas releases insulin, glucose is taken u Continue reading >>
