What Is Polyphagia Polydipsia And Polyuria In Diabetes?

Polyuria

Not to be confused with polyurea or pollakiuria. Polyuria (/ˌpɒliˈjʊəriə/) is excessive or an abnormally large production or passage of urine (greater than 2.5[1] or 3[2] L over 24 hours in adults). Frequent urination is usually an accompanying symptom. Increased production and passage of urine may also be termed diuresis.[3][4] Polyuria often appears in conjunction with polydipsia (increased thirst), though it is possible to have one without the other, and the latter may be a cause or an effect. Psychogenic polydipsia may lead to polyuria. [5] Polyuria is usually viewed as a symptom or sign of another disorder (not a disease by itself), but it can be classed as a disorder, at least when its underlying causes are not clear.[citation needed] Causes[edit] The most common cause of polyuria in both adults and children is uncontrolled diabetes mellitus,[2] which causes osmotic diuresis, when glucose levels are so high that glucose is excreted in the urine. Water follows the glucose concentration passively, leading to abnormally high urine output. In the absence of diabetes mellitus, the most common causes are decreased secretion of aldosterone due to adrenal cortical tumor, primary polydipsia (excessive fluid drinking), central diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.[2] Polyuria may also be due to various chemical substances, such as diuretics, caffeine, and ethanol. It may also occur after supraventricular tachycardias, during an onset of atrial fibrillation, childbirth, and the removal of an obstruction within the urinary tract. Diuresis is controlled by antidiuretics such as vasopressin, angiotensin II and aldosterone. Cold diuresis is the occurrence of increased urine production on exposure to cold, which also partially explains immersion diuresis. H Continue reading >>

What Are The 3 P's Of Diabetes?

The 3 classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus are polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia -- also known as the 3 P's. Polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia are defined as an increase in urination, thirst and hunger, respectively. The presence of the 3 P’s is a good indication that your blood sugar may be too high. With type 1 diabetes (T1DM), these symptoms typically develop relatively quickly and are more obvious, often leading to diagnosis of the condition. With type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the 3 P's are often more subtle and develop more gradually. As a result, people with type 2 diabetes may overlook these symptoms, leading to a delay in diagnosis. Video of the Day The 3 P’s of diabetes are typically among the first symptoms to occur in T1DM, but they can occur with other conditions. Polyuria, or excessive urine production, can be identified by needing to urinate during the night, frequent bathroom trips or accidents in potty-trained children. Polydipsia, a consequence of polyuria, is characterized by excessive thirst. An increase in fluid intake due to polydipsia can also contribute to increased urination. Polyphagia is the term for excessive or increased hunger. It occurs with diabetes because blood sugar is fails to enter body tissues normally, leaving them short of fuel to produce energy. To compensate, fat and muscle are broken down and used for energy resulting in weight loss, lack of energy and fatigue, which are most often seen with T1DM. Signs of long-term high blood sugar, such as blurred vision and tingling or numbness in hands and feet, are more common at diagnosis with T2DM. High Blood Sugar and the 3 P's The 3 P's of diabetes all stem from high blood sugar levels. Blood sugar is normally filtered by the kidneys but then reabsorbed into the blood. When blood sug Continue reading >>

Polyuria, Polydipsia And Polyphagia - Three Signs Of Diabetes

Polyuria, Polydipsia and Polyphagia We know that excess glucose in the blood that doesn't go away without some help is diabetes. This is how the three signs above are created in diabetes. The excess glucose in the urine filtrate acts as an osmotic diuretic. Wow! big words again for us to master. First, a simple definition of osmosis that will never get you into trouble, well seldom, never is an impossible situation. Osmosis is the movement of water through a selective permeable membrane (think cell membrane if you have a tiny mind like me!)from an area of low solute concentration (anything dissolved in water (the solvent) into a area of high solute concentration. In this illustration, due to the large amount of excess glucose in the filtrate, (what the kidney filters from the blood under pressure) the glucose is the "solute molecule" and causes the concentration of solutes in the kidney filtrate to be higher than the solute concentration in the blood. Net result, instead of water being returned to the blood it is flushed out of the body in the urine! Thats called diuresis. A diuretic, in this case, is something that inhibits water reabsorption by the blood from the kidney tubules that results in a hugh urine output that is called Polyuria. The polyuria results in decreased blood volume and dehydration. Thats why a diabetic person experiences excessive thirst. Lets look at how that "thirst" occurs technically. Along with water loss, which is a solvent, serious electrolytelosses also occur as the body rids itself of excess ketones. The ketone bodies are negatively charged particles called ions. Keep in mind a balance is maintained between positive and negative ions in the body. But, in mass movements involving negative charged ketone bodies, they attract and carry positve Continue reading >>

Polyphagia - Increased Appetite

Tweet Polyphagia is the medical term used to describe excessive hunger or increased appetite and is one of the 3 main signs of diabetes. An increase in hunger is usually a response to normal things such as intensive exercise or other strenuous activity, but polyphagia can also be the result of more severe issues such as depression or stress. Also known as hyperphagia, it is one of the three main symptoms of diabetes, along with: Polydipsia (increased thirst) and Polyuria (frequent, excessive urination) Causes of polyphagia Polyphagia can be caused by: Diabetes mellitus Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels) Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels) Anxiety Stress Bulimia Binge eating disorder Hyperthyroidism (raised level of thyroid hormone) Premenstrual syndrome Certain prescription drugs such as corticosteroids Some psychiatric conditions Rare medical conditions such as Kleine-Levin Syndrome and Prader-Willi Syndrome Hunger and hyperglycemia In uncontrolled diabetes where blood glucose levels remain abnormally high (hyperglycemia), glucose from the blood cannot enter the cells - due to either a lack of insulin or insulin resistance - so the body can’t convert the food you eat into energy. This lack of energy causes an increase in hunger. Simply eating will not get rid of the hungry feeling of polyphagia in people with uncontrolled diabetes, as this will just add to the already high blood glucose levels. The best way to lower blood glucose levels is to exercise as this can help to stimulate insulin production and reduce blood sugar levels. However, if the hunger persists, you may need to consult your doctor or diabetes health care team. Hunger and hypoglycemia Increased appetite can also be caused by abnormally low blood glucose (hypoglycemia). If blood glucose readings Continue reading >>

Diabetes Signs

The symptoms of diabetes can be reduced to three major factors. In the case of type 1 diabetes, these symptoms can develop quickly. However, when it comes to type 2 diabetes, symptoms may be far subtler and develop slower. What are the big three symptoms of diabetes? The three major symptoms of diabetes are: Polyuria - the need to urinate frequently Polydipsia - increased thirst & fluid intake Polyphagia - increased appetite It is common for a number of symptoms to appear together. For example, increased thirst (polydipsia) and an increased need to urinate (polyuria) will often come as a pair. Are there other symptoms of diabetes? The 3Ps of diabetes are a good indication that blood glucose levels may be too high. However, these symptoms may not always be obvious and it’s important to be aware of the other symptoms which may also be presented. In children and young adults, the symptoms of type 1 diabetes (including the 3Ps) develop more quickly. In type 2 diabetes, symptoms of diabetes may appear gradually, sometimes over a period of years, and may become more noticeable on some days and less noticeable on other days. What happens when a person develops diabetes? The 3Ps of diabetes are caused by the effect of diabetes on the body. If the level of glucose in the blood becomes too high, excess glucose is removed from the blood by the kidneys and excreted via the urine (glycosuria). This results in greater urine production and causes the patient to urinate frequently. Water held in the cells is required to replace lost blood volume, and thus causes dehydration and thirst. Increased hunger develops if the body has difficulty getting glucose from the blood into cells. This can occur if the body has insufficient insulin or if the body cannot respond to its insulin sufficie Continue reading >>

Diabetes Pathophysiology

Diabetes occurs when there is a dis-balance between the demand and production of the hormone insulin. Control of blood sugar When food is taken, it is broken down into smaller components. Sugars and carbohydrates are thus broken down into glucose for the body to utilize them as an energy source. The liver is also able to manufacture glucose. In normal persons the hormone insulin, which is made by the beta cells of the pancreas, regulates how much glucose is in the blood. When there is excess of glucose in blood, insulin stimulates cells to absorb enough glucose from the blood for the energy that they need. Insulin also stimulates the liver to absorb and store any excess glucose that is in the blood. Insulin release is triggered after a meal when there is a rise in blood glucose. When blood glucose levels fall, during exercise for example, insulin levels fall too. High insulin will promote glucose uptake, glycolysis (break down of glucose), and glycogenesis (formation of storage form of glucose called glycogen), as well as uptake and synthesis of amino acids, proteins, and fat. Low insulin will promote gluconeogenesis (breakdown of various substrates to release glucose), glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen to release gluose), lipolysis (breakdown of lipids to release glucose), and proteolysis (breakdown of proteins to release glucose). Insulin acts via insulin receptors. Liver Adipose or fat Tissue Muscle High insulin Glycolysis Glycogenesis Triglyceride synthesis Amino acid uptake Protein synthesis Low insulin Gluconeogenesis Glycogenolysis Lipolysis Proteolysis Normal Responses to Eating and Fasting In a fed state: there is increased insulin secretion, causing glycolysis, glycogen storage, fatty acid synthesis/storage, and protein synthesis. After an overnight fast: Continue reading >>

The Accuracy Of Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia, And Indian Diabetes Risk Score In Adults Screened For Diabetes Mellitus Type-ii

Context: The World Health Organization report suggests that over 19% of the world's diabetic population currently resides in India. Unfortunately, >50% of the diabetics in India are unaware about their diabetic status. In the poor income country like India, it is essential to use cost-effective methods for screening for diabetes, and traditionally using three classical symptoms and Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) tool is helpful but, data regarding their diagnostic accuracy is very less. Objective: (1) To assess the diagnostic accuracy of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and IDRS for detecting diabetes. Settings and Design: Six hundred and seventy-seven adult individuals >20 years of age were screened for diabetes and assessed polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and IDRS score. All were subjected for postprandial blood glucose level. Subjects and Methods: For diagnostic accuracy sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, likelihood ratios (LRs, for positive and negative tests), and accuracy was calculated for each symptom. Similarly, by receiver operative curve (ROC) curve analysis, we carried out sensitivity and specificity of IDRS. Results: There was statistically significant association between these three classical symptoms and diabetes status of individuals. When present, all these three symptoms carried 7.34% sensitivity and 98.42% specificity with positive predictive value 47.06% and NPV 84.70%, LR+4.36, LR−0.94 with accuracy of 85%. The optimum cutoff value of IDRS score was >50, which carried sensitivity 73%, specificity 58.7%, and area under curve for ROC was 68% (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study has shown highest specificity for these three classical symptoms in diagnosing diabetes, but these symptoms were insensitive to detect a Continue reading >>

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitusclinical Presentation

Type 1 Diabetes MellitusClinical Presentation Author: Romesh Khardori, MD, PhD, FACP; Chief Editor: George T Griffing, MD more... The most common symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) are polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia, along with lassitude, nausea, and blurred vision, all of which result from the hyperglycemia itself. Polyuria is caused by osmotic diuresis secondary to hyperglycemia. Severe nocturnal enuresis secondary to polyuria can be an indication of onset of diabetes in young children. Thirst is a response to the hyperosmolar state and dehydration. Fatigue and weakness may be caused by muscle wasting from the catabolic state of insulin deficiency, hypovolemia, and hypokalemia. Muscle cramps are caused by electrolyte imbalance. Blurred vision results from the effect of the hyperosmolar state on the lens and vitreous humor. Glucose and its metabolites cause osmotic swelling of the lens, altering its normal focal length. Symptoms at the time of the first clinical presentation can usually be traced back several days to several weeks. However, beta-cell destruction may have started months, or even years, before the onset of clinical symptoms. The onset of symptomatic disease may be sudden. It is not unusual for patients with type 1 DM to present with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which may occur de novo or secondary to the stress of illness or surgery. An explosive onset of symptoms in a young lean patient with ketoacidosis always has been considered diagnostic of type 1 DM. Over time, patients with new-onset type 1 DM will lose weight, despite normal or increased appetite, because of depletion of water and a catabolic state with reduced glycogen, proteins, and triglycerides. Weight loss may not occur if treatment is initiated promptly after the onset of the Continue reading >>

Why Does Diabetes Cause Polydipsia And Polyuria?

Polyuria, Polydipsia and Polyphagia are the three main features of diabetes[1] . But. How does it occur? Large amount of excess glucose in the renal filtrate, acts as “solutes”. The concentration of solutes in the kidney filtrate is higher than the solute concentration in the blood. So now, all that water with excess glucose, that should actually be reabsorbed, is excreted out- leading to Polyuria. Remnant glucose in the urine, results in Glycosuria. Now obviously your body has to do something about it. So to replace the lost water, intracellular fluids are transported to the extracellular compartment osmotically- leading to dehydration and increased thirst- i.e., Polydipsia. There is glucose in your blood, but your cells cannot use them. This leads them to think they are starving- hence the hunger pangs, i.e., Polyphagia[2] . Continue reading >>

About Diabetes

formerly known as Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM). characterized by hyperglycemia due to an absolute deficiency of the insulin hormone produced by the pancreas. patients require lifelong insulin injections for survival. usually develops in children and adolescents (although can occur later in life). may present with severe symptoms such as coma or ketoacidosis. patients are usually not obese with this type of diabetes, but obesity is not incompatible with the diagnosis. patients are at increased risk of developing microvascular and macrovascular complications. Etiology usually (but not always) caused by autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas, with the presence of certain antibodies in blood. a complex disease caused by mutations in more than one gene, as well as by environmental factors. Symptoms increased urinary frequency (polyuria), thirst (polydipsia), hunger (polyphagia), and unexplained weight loss. numbness in extremities, pain in feet (disesthesias), fatigue, and blurred vision. recurrent or severe infections. loss of consciousness or severe nausea/vomiting (ketoacidosis) or coma. Ketoacidosis more common in T1D than in T2D. Diagnosis diagnosis is made by the presence of classic symptoms of hyperglycemia and an abnormal blood test. a plasma glucose concentration >=7 mmol/L (or 126 mg/dL) or >=11.1mmol/L ( or 200mg/dL) 2 hours after a 75g glucose drink. in a patient without classic symptoms, diagnosis can also be made by two abnormal blood tests on separate days. in most settings (although not always available in resource-poor countries), another test called HbA1C is done to approximate metabolic control over previous 2-3 months and to guide treatment decisions. Treatment overall aim of treatment is symptom relief and prevention or de Continue reading >>

Hyperglycemia Symptoms

The basic defect in all patients with diabetes is the decreased ability of insulin to induce cells of the body to remove glucose (sugar) molecules from the blood. Whether this decreased insulin activity is due to a decreased amount of insulin produced (type 1 diabetes), or from the insensitivity of the cells to a normal amount of insulin (type 2 diabetes), the results are the same: blood glucose levels which are too high. This is termed "hyperglycemia" which means "high glucose in the blood." hyper = high, glyc = glucose, and emia = of the blood. What happens when you have hyperglycemia? Common Symptoms of Hyperglycemia The Classic Symptoms Polyphagia (frequently hungry) Polyuria (frequently urinating) Polydipsia (frequently thirsty) Other Symptoms Might Include Blurred vision Fatigue Weight loss Poor wound healing (cuts, scrapes, etc.) Dry mouth Dry or itchy skin Impotence (male) Recurrent infections such as vaginal yeast infections, groin rash, or external ear infections (swimmers ear) It is important to remember that not everyone with diabetes will have all these symptoms. In fact, many people with type 2 diabetes may not have any of them. Who can develop hyperglycemia? To learn about other diabetes complications and how to prevent them, see our type 1 diabetes complications and type 2 diabetes complications articles. The classic symptom of being hungry frequently stems from the fact that a person with diabetes cannot utilize glucose well as an energy source within cells. The glucose is circulating in the blood, but the cells can't absorb it to use it as a fuel. The excess blood sugar molecules also "spill" into the urine, meaning that as the blood filters through the kidneys, some of the sugar comes out of the blood and is not reabsorbed. The extra sugar which is no Continue reading >>

Polyphagia, The Symptom Of Diabetes That Causes Excessive Hunger Or Increased Appetite

Polyphagia is a condition characterized by excessive hunger and an increase in appetite. No matter how much you consume, the feeling of hunger seems to always be present. Think about the last time you were hungry. It might have been after intense exercise, or maybe you had skipped a meal. You might have eaten more to quell those hunger pains, but eventually you felt full. But if you’re always hungry and can’t seem to get full, you could be showing a sign of diabetes. Three main symptoms of diabetes There are three main symptoms to look out for with diabetes: polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria. Polyphagia: Increased hunger. Polydipsia: Increased thirst. Polyuria: Increased urination. Causes and symptoms of polyphagia There are many causes of polyphagia including: Diabetes Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) Anxiety Stress Depression Bulimia Binge eating disorder Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) Premenstrual symptom Prescription medication Psychiatric conditions As mentioned, the main symptom of polyphagia is excessive hunger. This hunger does not go away and you may find yourself overeating. Polyphagia and diabetes Although polyphagia has many causes, there is a strong link between polyphagia and diabetes. Diabetes affects the body’s ability to use and produce glucose, or blood sugar. Sugar in the blood is necessary for cells in the body to perform their job. When blood sugar is low, a person may begin to feel hungry. Because in diabetes glucose is not being used properly, diabetics may continue to feel hungry even after they eat. To combat polyphagia in people with diabetes, a patient may seek help from their doctor and dietician. Because there is a risk of overeating and, thus, gaining weight – which is bad for diabetics – a Continue reading >>

Are You Excessively Hungry? Understanding Polyphagia

Polyphagia: Overview Have you ever had excessive hunger that doesn’t go away, regardless of how recently, or how much, you have eaten? This is referred to as polyphagia. Although it’s normally associated with diabetes, polyphagia actually has a few different possible causes, some of which are more persistent than others. Broadly speaking, there are two main ways that polyphagia can be caused. The first is when a biological or physical factor causes the body to either need more or not receive enough nutrients. In these cases, the abnormally large appetite is because the body is trying to acquire more fuel. The second type is when the body doesn’t or can’t receive the necessary signals to tell it that it’s full. These are more persistent hormone or genetic-related disorders. Ad There is a cancer-killing nutrient in your kitchen, right now, that acts like a "smart bomb" against cancer cells. But this is just the tip of the iceberg. I'm Dr. Victor Marchione and I'm revealing this and 16 other amazing "healing foods" in my newest report that you can see here. Causes of Polyphagia Polyphagia has a mix of physical, neurological, and mental causes that all present themselves differently. Since polyphagia is just one symptom, it is usually accompanied by other elements, depending on the underlying cause. While a doctor’s examination is always the best way to diagnose the cause of polyphagia, paying attention to any other symptoms that appear alongside it can help narrow things down: Prader-Willi syndrome: This is a genetic disorder with a frequency of somewhere between one in 25,000 and one in 10,000 live births. The syndrome’s signature symptom is persistent polyphagia that tends to manifest around age two. Prader-Willi is actually the leading cause of morbid obes Continue reading >>

Signs & Symptoms Of Diabetes: Type 2. The 3 P’s!

Type 2 diabetes is a slow developing condition and can often go unnoticed for a very long time. We can have pre-diabetes/insulin resistance for 5-10 years before an ‘official' diagnosis and for this reason diabetes often gets overlooked, meaning many people are walking around not knowing they are prediabetic or diabetic. It's good to get regular fasting blood sugar tests but also ask your doctor to test for insulin resistance, because if you catch it early you can prevent an ‘official' diagnosis from ever occuring. Having the insulin test is VERY important because you can have a normal blood glucose level but have high insulin and this can be an indicator that you need to take some positive healthy action. Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes: Type 2 As suggested above, signs and symptoms can be unobvious so for this reason just be sure to get regular health checks. The 3 P's: Most Common Symptoms There are 3 P's that are the most common symptoms of type 2 diabetes to look out for: Polyuria – having high blood glucose makes your blood thick, sticky, and syrupy, so the body draws more fluid into the bloodstream but at the same time has to eliminate that. The result is frequent urination (polyuria – means more urine), increased thirst, feeling dehydrated or having a dry mouth. Polydipsia – means increased thirst. But don't reach for the sugary drinks because it only makes things worse. The polyuria and polydipsia are closely related. Polyphagia – you feel hungry because the glucose is not moving into the cells like it should be, instead it's staying in the blood stream and sending the wrong hunger signals to the body. You may have just eaten but you're still hungry. So remember the 3 P's as the most common signs: Polyuria – increased urination Polydipsia – incre Continue reading >>

Diabetes Signs | Diabetes Signs Symptoms | Sign & Symptoms Of Diabetes

Submitted by Thiruvelan on 19 Aug 2012 | Last updated 9 October 2013 What are three major diabetes signs? Three big diabetes signs are polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Learn diabetes signs for early diabetes diagnosis. The three major diabetes signs and symptoms are: Polyuria urge to urinate frequently and in large quantities. Polydipsia have frequent and increased thirst. Polyphagia have frequent and increased appetite. In case of diabetes type 1, the above symptoms develop quickly; on the other hand, it develops slower in diabetes type 2. This major three diabetes signs are developing by the effect of elevated blood glucose level in your body, disturbed glucose homeostasis. Polyuria - If the blood-sugar level gets elevated, your kidney try flushing out this extra glucose in your blood as urine. Thus, diabetic people urinate frequently and/or in large quantities. Polydipsia polyuria leads to liquid depletion called dehydration causing dry mouth and throat. It increases the osmotic blood pressure and lower blood volume, so kidney releases rennin angiotensin, which stimulates hypothalamus to signal thirst. Thus, diabetes is having frequent heavy thirst. Polyphagia the thirst mechanism in 40% of people has mistakenly recognized as hunger. In addition, when you feel tired, your body signals for energy as hunger. This causes you feel hunger. Continue reading >>