Diabetes Insipidus: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment
Diabetes insipidus is a condition where the body loses too much fluid through urination, causing a significant risk of dangerous dehydration as well as a range of illnesses and conditions. There are two forms of the disease: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and central diabetes insipidus (also known as neurogenic diabetes insipidus). A number of factors have been linked to the development of diabetes insipidus, which may also occur in pregnancy or with the use of certain medications. Establishing the cause of the problem can help determine the most appropriate treatment to support the regulation of water balance in the body. Diabetes insipidus is a condition that can be managed successfully. Contents of this article: What is diabetes insipidus? An uncommon condition, diabetes insipidus is a disorder affecting the regulation of body fluid levels. Two key symptoms resemble those of the more common forms of diabetes that affect blood sugar levels (diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2).1-5 People with diabetes insipidus produce excessive amounts of urine (polyuria), resulting in frequent urination and, in turn, thirst (polydipsia). However, the underlying cause of these two symptoms is quite different from the causes in types 1 and 2 diabetes. In diabetes mellitus, elevated blood sugar prompts the production of large volumes of urine to help remove the excess sugar from the body. In diabetes insipidus, it is the body's water balance system itself that is not working properly. Here are some key points about diabetes insipidus. More detail and supporting information is in the body of this article. Diabetes insipidus is a condition where the body fails to properly control water balance, resulting in excessive urination. Diabetes insipidus can be caused by low or absent secretion of t Continue reading >>
Is Diabetes To Blame For Your Headache?
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that results in blood sugar, or glucose, abnormalities. This causes a host of symptoms and related complications, some of which can be life-threatening. A common symptom of high or low blood glucose is a headache. Headaches alone aren’t harmful, but they can signal that your blood sugar is out of its target range. If you have frequent headaches, diabetes may be to blame. Find out if diabetes is the cause of your headache so you can take proper action. Can diabetes cause seizures? Learn how to prevent them » Headaches are common in both children and adults. In fact, headaches are the most common source of pain. They’re also a leading cause for days missed from work and school. Headaches are a frequent problem among the American population, but there are numerous causes. Headaches are classified as being primary or secondary. Primary headaches occur when brain cells or nerves, blood vessels, or muscles around the head send pain signals to the brain. Migraines and tension headaches are common examples. Secondary headaches, on the other hand, are not directly caused by the type of pain signals mentioned above. These types of headaches are attributed to underlying health conditions or medical problems. Diabetes is one cause of secondary headaches. Other causes can include: fever or infection injury high blood pressure, or hypertension stroke anxiety or stress hormone fluctuations, such as those occurring during menstrual cycle eye disorders structural abnormalities within the brain Just as causes can vary, the pain associated with secondary headaches can vary. Headaches due to diabetes are often moderate to severe in nature, and are known to occur frequently. These headaches can be a sign that your blood glucose is either too high Continue reading >>
Bilateral Sudden Sensorineural Deafness With Vertigo As The Sole Presenting Symptoms Of Diabetes Mellitus — A Case Report
Abstract This Paper reports a late uncontrolled diabetic presenting to an otolaryngologist with sudden severe sensorineural hearing loss of immediate origin with vertigo and tinnitus as the symptoms. Appropriate investigative and treatment measure resulted in deterioration of hearing in the right ear and mild improvement of hearing in the left ear, with no recovery of imbalance. Continue reading >>
What Are The Causes Of Dizziness In Diabetics?
The American Diabetes Association and other health professionals are dedicated to the research and treatment of diabetes and associated conditions. They have found that the main reason diabetics experience dizziness is because of a lack of control of blood sugar and blood pressure levels. These levels need to be balanced and maintained. Video of the Day A medical doctor prescribes a certain amount of medication to many diabetic patients, to be taken at a certain time. Type 1 diabetics require insulin to maintain a proper blood sugar level; Type 2 diabetics may have to rely on oral medication. Medication instructions must be followed precisely. Variation may cause the blood sugar levels to be too high or too low. This is especially true of the Type 1 diabetic. Also, regular doctors visits are important. Blood sugar levels are checked and adjustments made to medication, if needed. Blood sugar levels must be checked at home as well. This is mandatory to keep the levels steady. The daily diet is also discussed during these appointments. Diet is just as essential as medication in controlling blood sugar levels, and for diabetics who do not need medication, diet is the source for controlling blood sugar levels. According to the American Diabetes Association, diabetics with gastroparesis find it very difficult to control blood sugar levels. Gastroparesis is a condition in which the nerves in the stomach that aid digestion are impaired, leading to incomplete digestion, nausea, vomiting and pain. High blood pressure is common in diabetics because of shared causes of the diseases themselves, according to Dr. Patrick Lyden, professor of neuroscience and director of UC San Diego's Stroke Center. High blood pressure can cause dizziness, as can low blood pressure. Dr. Timothy Hain of Continue reading >>
A Woman With Diabetes And Recurrent Vertigo
A 57-year-old female with a past medical history of diabetes mellitus type 2 presented with a chief complaint of dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Her symptoms began 5 days prior to presentation and were gradual in onset. The symptoms were paroxysmal in nature, consisting of 2 to 3 daily episodes that would last for roughly 2 hours. The patient denied any aggravating or relieving factors. On the day of presentation, she had a severe episode—described as a feeling that “the room was spinning” and associated with nausea and vomiting—that lasted 4 hours and did not relent until the patient received meclizine. She denied any recent upper respiratory infections, tinnitus, decreased hearing, headache, chest pain, or palpitations. The patient had a similar episode 5 years prior that resolved with meclizine and no underlying etiology was determined at that time. Physical examination. A horizontal nystagmus was present. Tympanic membranes were normal and no hearing loss was appreciated. The patient had a negative Dix-Hallpike maneuver. Her strength and sensation were symmetric and within normal limits bilaterally. She performed the finger-nose-finger test without difficulty. The remainder of the physical examination including vital signs was normal. Laboratory testing. All tests were unremarkable. An MRI of the brain, with and without contrast, showed an enhancing mass lesion within the right cerebellar pontine angle extending into the right internal auditory canal consistent with an acoustic neuroma (Figure). Treatment. A multitude of options are available for the treatment of an acoustic neuroma, and the selection is frequently based on the patient’s symptom burden and tumor size. Treatments can range from surveillance with MRI to radiation therapy or surgery. Conserv Continue reading >>
Vertigo And Associated Symptoms
Go to: Definition Vertigo is an abnormal sensation of motion. It can occur in the absence of motion or when a motion is sensed inaccurately. Spinning vertigo is usually of inner ear origin. Disequilibrium is a sensation of impending fall or of the need to obtain external assistance for proper locomotion. It is sometimes described as a feeling of improper tilt of the floor, or as a sense of floating. This sensation can originate in the inner ear or other motion sensors, or in the central nervous system. Positional vertigo is a sensation of spinning that occurs after the patient's head has moved to a new position with respect to gravity. Go to: Technique Vertigo and disequilibrium are common symptoms in a primary care practice. Since these symptoms can be associated with serious disease, it is important to evaluate them properly. Any disorder that interferes with the sensory function of vision, balance, or proprioception or that affects the oculomotor control system can result in disequilibrium or vertigo (Table 123.1). The history centers on establishing the underlying disease in these sensory systems or in the central mechanisms that mediate responses to these sensory systems. The objectives of the history are to obtain a clear description of the symptoms and associated symptoms and to gather information that will help locate the lesion. We need to determine whether the lesion is central or peripheral and the side the lesion is on. Ask the patient to describe the major symptom as to onset, duration, and severity, and for other symptoms that occur at the same time. Tinnitus, ear pressure, or hearing loss not only suggests the inner ear as the location of the disorder but also points out the involved ear. Nausea and vomiting frequently accompany inner ear disorders; loss Continue reading >>
Dizziness
Tweet Because diabetes is such a diverse disease with many complications, it can cause dizziness in many ways by affecting different parts of the body. Dizziness is an episode of unsteadiness and unbalance as a result of something affecting the brain or ears. However, dizziness can also be a symptom of many things other than diabetes. So if you are experiencing recurrent dizzy spells, you should contact your doctor who will be able to diagnose the cause. Causes of dizziness A dizzy spell can be brought on by many things, but in cases of diabetes the most common causes are: Low blood pressure Dizziness can be cause by the heart's inability to pump blood up to the brain sufficiently, especially when suddenly standing up from a sitting or a lying position. As the blood momentarily fails to reach the brain, a spinning sensation, unsteadiness or even fainting can occur. Dehydration High blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) can cause polyuria, which in turn can lead to dehydration by passing too much fluid out of the body in an attempt to remove excess glucose. With low levels of water in the body, the brain may struggle to function correctly and cause light headedness. Hypoglycemia Having a low amount of sugar in your blood (hypoglycemia) can lead to dizziness by causing the brain cells to malfunction. Certain medications Some medications, including those used to treat people with diabetes, can cause dizzy spells. The instruction leaflet that comes with a medicine will list any possible side effects of the drug. When to see your doctor If you are suffering from bouts of dizziness that are recurrent or persistent you should go and see a doctor. They will likely ask questions to gauge whether there is a pattern to the feelings of dizziness, so keeping a record of dizzy spells pr Continue reading >>
Hyperglycemia In Diabetes
Print Overview High blood sugar (hyperglycemia) affects people who have diabetes. Several factors can contribute to hyperglycemia in people with diabetes, including food and physical activity choices, illness, nondiabetes medications, or skipping or not taking enough glucose-lowering medication. It's important to treat hyperglycemia, because if left untreated, hyperglycemia can become severe and lead to serious complications requiring emergency care, such as a diabetic coma. In the long term, persistent hyperglycemia, even if not severe, can lead to complications affecting your eyes, kidneys, nerves and heart. Symptoms Hyperglycemia doesn't cause symptoms until glucose values are significantly elevated — above 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 11 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Symptoms of hyperglycemia develop slowly over several days or weeks. The longer blood sugar levels stay high, the more serious the symptoms become. However, some people who've had type 2 diabetes for a long time may not show any symptoms despite elevated blood sugars. Early signs and symptoms Recognizing early symptoms of hyperglycemia can help you treat the condition promptly. Watch for: Frequent urination Increased thirst Blurred vision Fatigue Headache Later signs and symptoms If hyperglycemia goes untreated, it can cause toxic acids (ketones) to build up in your blood and urine (ketoacidosis). Signs and symptoms include: Fruity-smelling breath Nausea and vomiting Shortness of breath Dry mouth Weakness Confusion Coma Abdominal pain When to see a doctor Call 911 or emergency medical assistance if: You're sick and can't keep any food or fluids down, and Your blood glucose levels are persistently above 240 mg/dL (13 mmol/L) and you have ketones in your urine Make an appointment with your Continue reading >>
Could You Have Diabetes? 5 Hidden Symptoms Of Diabetes That Could Mean You're Suffering
Thought the only sign of being diabetic is being overweight? Think again... Around 3.7 million people in the UK have diabetes, yet according to Diabetes UK, around 590,000 suffer - but they don't even know about it. And while diabetes - a lifelong condition - can be successfully managed once it’s diagnosed, delaying that diagnosis puts people at risk of serious complications, including amputation and blindness. This is a key concern for Type 2 diabetes, the type associated with weight which accounts for around 90% of all cases. Type 2 occurs when the body can no longer make enough insulin (a hormone produced by the pancreas which enables us to use sugar/glucose), or the insulin being produced isn’t doing its job properly. Type 1, on the other hand, has absolutely nothing to do with weight or lifestyle and tends to develop during childhood when a fault in the body causes insulin-producing cells to be destroyed. “The symptoms of Type 1 and Type 2 are very similar, however they tend to come on a lot quicker in Type 1, and you can end up very poorly and in hospital if not diagnosed straight away,” says Diabetes UK clinical advisor Libby Dowling. “Type 2 is a little different. A lot of people put the symptoms of Type 2 down to getting older, and the condition can sometimes go undiagnosed for up to 10 years, by which time complications could have started to develop.” [Read more: Diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 - Do you know the difference?] But, aside from increased thirst, needing to be more and tiredness, what are those symptoms? Play Video Play Mute Current Time 0:00 / Duration Time 0:00 Loaded: 0% 0:00 Progress: 0% 0:00 Progress: 0% Stream TypeLIVE Remaining Time -0:00 Playback Rate 1 Chapters Chapters descriptions off, selected Descriptions subtitles off, selected Continue reading >>
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
What Is It? Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease. It is characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood. Type 2 diabetes is also called type 2 diabetes mellitus and adult-onset diabetes. That's because it used to start almost always in middle- and late-adulthood. However, more and more children and teens are developing this condition. Type 2 diabetes is much more common than type 1 diabetes, and is really a different disease. But it shares with type 1 diabetes high blood sugar levels, and the complications of high blood sugar. During digestion, food is broken down into basic components. Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars, primarily glucose. Glucose is a critically important source of energy for the body's cells. To provide energy to the cells, glucose needs to leave the blood and get inside the cells. Insulin traveling in the blood signals the cells to take up glucose. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. The pancreas is an organ in the abdomen. When levels of glucose in the blood rise (for example, after a meal), the pancreas produces more insulin. Type 2 diabetes occurs when your body's cells resist the normal effect of insulin, which is to drive glucose in the blood into the inside of the cells. This condition is called insulin resistance. As a result, glucose starts to build up in the blood. In people with insulin resistance, the pancreas "sees" the blood glucose level rising. The pancreas responds by making extra insulin to maintain a normal blood sugar. Over time, the body's insulin resistance gets worse. In response the pancreas makes more and more insulin. Finally, the pancreas gets "exhausted". It cannot keep up with the demand for more and more insulin. It poops out. As a result, blood glucose levels start to rise. Type 2 diabetes ru Continue reading >>
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All About Vertigo!
It came across strange initially when I said that the world around was spinning and that my entire room seems to be in constant motion. Basically I used to find the floor of my bedroom, the bed and the room itself was in constant motion (not literally spinning or in constant motion, but I felt that way). I had to walk around supporting myself using the wall, furniture, in fact anything that was close by, and if nothing was available literally crawl. Finally, I was diagnosed with something called Vertigo. Vertigo is the feeling that you or your environment is moving or spinning. It differs from dizziness in that vertigo describes an illusion of movement. When you feel as if you yourself are moving, it’s called subjective vertigo, and the perception that your surroundings are moving is called objective vertigo. A few causes and types of Vertigo are: Benign Paroxysmal Postional vertigo: Tiny calcium particles called canaliths clamp up in the canals of the inner ear. This could also be caused due to sudden movement of the head resulting in dislodgement of the crystalline structures in the ear’s balance detectors. Meniere’s Disease-This is an inner ear disorder caused by changing pressure of the ear and built up of fluid in the ear. Labrynthitis-Inner ear viral/bacterial infection Bleeding in the brain: Vertigo can be caused by decreased blood flow to the base of the brain. Bleeding into the back of the brain (cerebellar hemorrhage) is characterized by vertigo, headache, difficulty walking, and inability to look toward the side of the bleed. The result is that the person’s eyes gaze away from the side with the problem. Walking is also extremely impaired. Some other less evident causes: Head or neck injury. Stroke/tumor/diabetes mellitis/Atherosclerosis Migraine Certa Continue reading >>
Effects Of Diabetes On Hearing And Cochlear Structures
Introduction Studies have since long indicated a close relation between diabetes mellitus (DM) and hearing loss [1,2]. The main clinical manifestation of DM is glucose, lipid and protein metabolism disorders, for the body is unable to produce or use insulin properly[3]. Metabolic disorders in DM include decreased lipid synthesis and increased lipid breakdown, which lead to elevated blood lipid levels and contribute to arthrosclerosis. With sustained high levels of blood glucose, increased amount of glycated hemoglobin is produced and deposited in the walls of small blood vessels. Together with injury to the endothelium by immune complex, this leads to increased vessel permeability, thickened basement membrane and abnormal growth of endothelial cells, resulting in reduced lumen size. With constricted or blocked supplying vessels and sustained high glucose levels, nerves become malnourished and their cellular membrane demonstrate dysplasia or necrosis changes from metabolic disorders, leading to the so called diabetic peripheral neuropathy which can also involve the autonomous nerves and can happen at an early stage of diabetes. Microcirculation disorders and hemodynamic changes (including that in the cochlea) are common in DM[4], which can also contribute to diabetic neuropathy. Involvement of the immune system has also been shown to be an important etiology and mechanism of DM and its complications. In addition to systemic effects, there have been increasing reports of compromised inner ear functions in DM, including dizziness, tinnitus and hearing loss. Along with advances in research on DM and its complications, there has been an increasing attention to hearing disorders in patients with DM[5]. Studies have indicated that vascular and neural changes in the cochlea are Continue reading >>
Diabetes Mellitus
Overview: Types of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease in which the blood sugar (glucose) is abnormally elevated. Normally, the body obtains glucose from food, and additional glucose is made in the liver. The pancreas produces insulin, which enables glucose to enter cells and serve as fuel for the body. In patients with diabetes, glucose accumulates in the blood instead of being properly transported into cells. Excess blood sugar is a serious problem that may damage the blood vessels, heart, kidneys, and other organs. About 5-10% of patients with diabetes are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus, an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, causing the organ to no longer produce insulin. Type 1 DM most commonly occurs in children or young adults, and the incidence of new cases is increasing. Approximately 90-95% of people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes mellitus, which occurs when the body becomes unable to use the insulin produced by the pancreas. This condition is also called insulin resistance. The prevalence of type 2 DM is increasing dramatically worldwide. In the past, type 2 DM was associated with adulthood; however, it is rapidly increasing in children because of the rise in childhood obesity. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurs during pregnancy. This form of diabetes usually resolves after delivery, but patients with GDM have an increased risk of developing type 2 DM later in life. Causes and Risk Factors Type 1 DM is an autoimmune disorder and the exact cause is unknown. Causes may include genetic factors, environmental factors, and viruses. For type 2 DM, the major risk factors include a family history of type 2 DM, increased age, obesity, and a sed Continue reading >>
Dizziness (dizzy)
Dizziness is a symptom that is often applies to a variety of sensations including lightheadedness and vertigo. Vertigo is the sensation of spinning, while lightheadedness is typically described as near fainting, and weakness. Some of the conditions that may cause lightheadedness in a patient include low blood pressure, high blood pressure, dehydration, medications, postural or orthostatic hypotension, diabetes, endocrine disorders, hyperventilation, heart conditions, and vasovagal syncope. Vertigo is most often caused by a problem in the balance centers of the inner ear called the vestibular system and causes the sensation of the room spinning. It may be associated with vomiting. Symptoms often are made worse with position changes. Those with significant symptoms and vomiting may need intravenous medication and hospitalization. Vertigo is also the presenting symptom in patients with Meniere's Disease and acoustic neuroma, conditions that often require referral to an ENT specialist. Vertigo may also be a symptom of stroke. Most often, dizziness or lightheadedness is a temporary situation that resolves spontaneously without a specific diagnosis being made. Introduction to dizziness (feeling dizzy) Dizziness is one of the most common symptoms that will prompt a person to seek medical care. The term dizziness is sometimes difficult to understand since it means different things to different people. It is either the sensation of feeling lightheaded as if the individual is weak and will pass out, or it describes vertigo or the sensation of spinning, as if the affected person just got off a merry-go-round. Lightheadedness is often caused by a decrease in blood supply to the brain, while vertigo may be caused by disturbances of the inner ear and the balance centers of the brain. Continue reading >>
Correlation Between Dizziness And Impaired Glucose Metabolism
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Adriano Santana FonsecaI; Silvia Angeleri Valente DavidsohnII IOtorhinolaryngologist-Head and Neck Surgeon -HC/UNICAMP. Assistant Professor of Head and Neck Surgery - Santa Casa de Salvador - Hospital Santa Izabel. Head of the Otolaryngology Department - Hospital Naval de Salvador. Specialist in dysphagia - NOEV/Hospital da Bahia IIEndocrinologist and Metabologist - HC/ UNICAMP - CESA/Hospital da Bahia, Head of the Endocrinology Department - Hospital Naval de Salvador, Head of the Endocrinology Clinic - Instituto do Pé Diabético, Salvador, Bahia SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Impaired glucose metabolism is characterized by conditions of hypo and hyperglycemia. AIM: The objective of the present study was to asses whether or not there is a relationship between impaired glucose metabolism and dizziness. In the clinical laboratory settings, patients were examined using vectoelectronystagmography in association with glycemic levels. METHODS: 33 patients were divided in 3 groups: diabetics; patients with dizziness and a control group. RESULTS: 65% of the patients with dizziness showed impaired glucose metabolism. 40% of the patients with dizziness had alterations in their vectoelectronystagmography results. CONCLUSION: Dizziness is a good indicator of glucose metabolism alterations and these may be a good indicator of alterations in vectoelectronystagmography responses. The study of glycemic levels after glucose overexposure is a good prognosis factor to evaluate dizziness and shows the same results as insulin level studies after glucose overexposure. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, sensorioneural hearing loss, vectoelectronystagmography, vertigo, tinnitus. INTRODUCTION Glucose metabolism alterations are characterized by states of hypo and hyperglycemia. There are diff Continue reading >>
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