Most Cited Diabetes Research And Clinical Practice Articles
L. Guariguata | D. R. Whiting | I. Hambleton | J. Beagley | U. Linnenkamp | J. E. Shaw Introduction: Diabetes is a serious and increasing global health burden and estimates of prevalence are essential for appropriate allocation of resources and monitoring of trends. Methods: We conducted a literature search of studies reporting the age-specific prevalence for diabetes and used the Analytic Hierarchy Process to systematically select studies to generate estimates for 219 countries and territories. Estimates for countries without available source data were modelled from pooled estimates of countries that were similar in regard to geography, ethnicity, and economic development. Logistic regression was applied to generate smoothed age-specific prevalence estimates for adults 20-79 years which were then applied to population estimates for 2013 and 2035. Results: A total of 744 data sources were considered and 174 included, representing 130 countries. In 2013, 382 million people had diabetes; this number is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035. Most people with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries and these will experience the greatest increase in cases of diabetes over the next 22 years. Conclusion: The new estimates of diabetes in adults confirm the large burden of diabetes, especially in developing countries. Estimates will be updated annually including the most recent, high-quality data available. © 2013. Nathalie Esser | Sylvie Legrand-Poels | Jacques Piette | André J. Scheen | Nicolas Paquot It is recognized that a chronic low-grade inflammation and an activation of the immune system are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Systemic inflammatory markers are risk factors for the development of type 2 dia Continue reading >>
Here Is The Diabetes Research Paper Example You Need
A Basic Research Paper Sample About Diabetes Diabetes (Diabetes mellitus) is a group of diseases that negatively affect the bodys ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin. This results in elevated levels of glucose in the blood because the body cannot metabolize carbohydrates correctly. Over 380 million people are affected by this disease worldwide and the World Health Organization has predicted in 1999 that diabetes will become the seventh cause of death worldwide by 2030. There are three types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2 and Gestational. In this paper, we will discuss the causes of this disease and potential cures. Type 1 diabetes means that the immune system is compromised and the cells fail to produce insulin in sufficient amounts. There are no eloquent studies that prove the causes of type 1 diabetes and there are currently no known methods of prevention. Type 2 diabetes means that the cells produce a low quantity of insulin or the body cant use the insulin correctly. This is the most common type of diabetes, thus affecting 90% of persons diagnosed with diabetes. It is caused by both genetic factors and the manner of living. Gestational diabetes appears in pregnant women who suddenly develop high blood sugar. In two thirds of the cases, it will reappear during subsequent pregnancies. There is a great chance that type 1 or type 2 diabetes will occur after a pregnancy affected by gestational diabetes. Genetic factors are the main cause of diabetes. It is caused by at least two mutant genes in the chromosome 6, the chromosome that affects the response of the body to various antigens. Viral infection may also influence the occurrence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Studies have shown that infection with viruses such as rubella, Coxsackievirus, mumps, hepati Continue reading >>
Risk Accuracy Of Type 2 Diabetes In Middle Aged Adults: Associations With Sociodemographic, Clinical, Psychological And Behavioural Factors - Sciencedirect
Volume 101, Issue 1 , January 2018, Pages 43-51 Risk accuracy of type 2 diabetes in middle aged adults: Associations with sociodemographic, clinical, psychological and behavioural factors Author links open overlay panel BarboraSilarovaa Open Access funded by Medical Research Council Most people overestimate their T2D risk before they received a risk estimate. Those who overestimated their T2D risk at baseline continued to overestimate it after receiving a risk estimate. Those who underestimated their T2D risk at baseline improved their risk accuracy after receiving a risk estimate. To identify the proportion of individuals with an accurate perception of their risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) prior to, immediately after and eight weeks after receiving a personalised risk estimate. Additionally, we aimed to explore what factors are associated with underestimation and overestimation immediately post-intervention. Cohort study based on the data collected in the Diabetes Risk Communication Trial. We included 379 participants (mean age 48.9 (SD 7.4) years; 55.1% women) who received a genotypic or phenotypic risk estimate for T2D. While only 1.3% of participants perceived their risk accurately at baseline, this increased to 24.7% immediately after receiving a risk estimate and then dropped to 7.3% at eight weeks. Those who overestimated their risk at baseline continued to overestimate it, whereas those who underestimated their risk at baseline improved their risk accuracy. We did not identify any other characteristics associated with underestimation or overestimation immediately after receiving a risk estimate. Understanding a received risk estimate is challenging for most participants with many continuing to have inaccurate risk perception after receiving the estimate. Individu Continue reading >>
- Type 2 Diabetes and Comorbid Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: Longitudinal Associations With Mortality Risk
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- Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Youth With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Insulin Resistance, Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes, And Related Complications 2017
Copyright © 2017 Joseph Fomusi Ndisang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The global escalation of obesity and diabetes in developed and developing nations poses a great health challenge. Obesity is one of the major causes of type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is primarily due to the autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cell leading to insulin deficiency [1–3]. This is usually accompanied by alterations in lipid metabolism, enhanced hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress, endothelial cell dysfunction, and apoptosis [1–3]. Similarly, in type 2 diabetes, increased glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum-induced stress, and apoptosis lead to the progressive loss of beta cells [1–5]. While type 1 diabetes is characterized by the presence of beta cell autoantibodies, a combination of peripheral insulin resistance and dysfunctional insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells is implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes [1–3]. However, both forms of diabetes are associated by a wide variety of complications such as cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Although insulin resistance has traditionally been associated with type 2 diabetes, mounting evidence indicates that the incidence of insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes is increasing [6]; therefore, novel mechanistic approaches deciphering insulin resistance are needed. Many pathophysiological factors are implicated in insulin resistance [5, 7]. Although the exact natures of these factors are not completely understood, it is widely accepted that oxidative stress, inflammation, and genetic, habitu Continue reading >>
Diabetes - Diabetes Abstract In This Research Paper We...
Diabetes - Diabetes Abstract In this research paper we... DiabetesAbstractIn this research paper we speak about different types of diabetes. Today almost 366 million of people around the world are victims of diabetes. They could be Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational or pre diabetes. The diabetes is diagnosed by measuring the level of glucose in your blood. There are different ways that you can check. An A1C test, a fasting glucose test, a random glucose test and an oral glucose tolerance test are some examples of testing. Fatigue, Blurred vision, dried & itchy skin, frequent urination are some symptoms of diabetes. There are more symptoms will be discussed in this chapter. Smoking, alcohol, stress, hypertension and more other things can lead to diabetics. A brief discussion is provided under risk factors late in this chapter those things that will bring you diabetes. The high glucose level in your blood will lead to lots of side effects to your body, including your death. Once you have either type 1 or type 2 diabetes it will be there for the rest of your life. So if you are pre-diabetes you must always eat healthy, avoid carbs in your meals and exercise every day. Those are good habits for even people who have diabetics, but there are more activities that we discussed in this chapter. Table of ContentIntroductionTypes of Diabetes This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. PrediabetesDiabetes DiagnosisRisk FactorsSymptomsType 2 Diabetes TreatmentHow different diabetes medication workTesting your blood glucoseLow glucose symptoms & treatmentsYour diabetes food planThe benefits of physical activitiesPlanning for Success IntroductionWhat is diabetes? Diabetes means that your blood glucose, or blood sugar, is too high. When food is dige Continue reading >>
Type 2 Diabetes
About Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is a metabolic disease that causes sugar to collect in the blood stream. The severity of diabetes can vary quite a bit: Some people only have to make minor changes to their lifestyle after they are diagnosed. Just losing a little weight and getting some more exercise may be enough for them to manage their diabetes. Other people who have type 2 diabetes need more permanent therapy that involves taking tablets or insulin. It is then especially important to have a good understanding of the disease and know what they can do to stay healthy. There are two main types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes usually develops in childhood or at a young age. Type 1 diabetes is a result of a damaged pancreas that leaves the organ producing either very little insulin or none at all. Type 2 diabetes is quite different. It used to be referred to as "adult-onset" diabetes because it is often diagnosed later in life. In type 2 diabetes, it becomes increasingly difficult for the body's cells to absorb and use the insulin. Type 2 diabetes is much more common than type 1 diabetes. About 90 % of people who have diabetes have type 2 diabetes... Read more about Type 2 Diabetes Twenty‐one studies assessing interventions to improve adherence to treatment recommendations, not to diet or exercise, in people with type 2 diabetes in different settings (outpatients, community, hospitals, primary care) were included. There were many outcomes evaluated in these studies and a variety of adherence measurement instruments was used. Nurse led interventions, home aids, diabetes education and pharmacy led interventions showed a very small effect on some outcomes including metabolic control. No data on mortality or morbidity, nor on quality of life could be f Continue reading >>
Diabetes Essay Sample
Introduction Diabetes (or Diabetes mellitus) is a complex group of diseases caused by a number of reasons. Individuals suffering from diabetes have hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) either because there is low production of insulin or body cells do not use the produced insulin. About 350 million people suffer from diabetes globally (Danaei et al., 2011). The World Health Organization (1999) has predicted that diabetes will rise to the top seventh cause of death worldwide by 2030. There are three common forms of diabetes: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. This paper mainly discusses these major forms of diabetes considering their causes and consequences. Type 1 Diabetes In type 1 diabetes mellitus, body cells fail to produce insulin due to a compromised immune system causing damage to the cells where production of insulin takes place. The cause and prevention of type 1 diabetes are not particularly known; however, it is suspected to be a consequence of certain genetic factors. Type 2 Diabetes In type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is low production of insulin by the body cells or the body does not effectively make use of the produced insulin. Type 2 diabetes is known to be the commonest type of diabetes; in fact, 90% of diabetes sufferers have type 2 diabetes (World Health Organization, 1999). The cause and cure of type 2 diabetes remains unknown; however, genetic factors and manner of living take part in its causes, and watching blood sugar level can control the disease. Gestational Diabetes Gestational diabetes happens when there is a development of high blood sugar level in pregnant women not previously diagnosed of diabetes. For mothers who had gestational diabetes during their first pregnancy, the probability that it will occur in subsequent preg Continue reading >>
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review Of Current Trends
Go to: Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is probably one of the oldest diseases known to man. It was first reported in Egyptian manuscript about 3000 years ago.1 In 1936, the distinction between type 1 and type 2 DM was clearly made.2 Type 2 DM was first described as a component of metabolic syndrome in 1988.3 Type 2 DM (formerly known as non-insulin dependent DM) is the most common form of DM characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and relative insulin deficiency.4 Type 2 DM results from interaction between genetic, environmental and behavioral risk factors.5,6 People living with type 2 DM are more vulnerable to various forms of both short- and long-term complications, which often lead to their premature death. This tendency of increased morbidity and mortality is seen in patients with type 2 DM because of the commonness of this type of DM, its insidious onset and late recognition, especially in resource-poor developing countries like Africa.7 Epidemiology It is estimated that 366 million people had DM in 2011; by 2030 this would have risen to 552 million.8 The number of people with type 2 DM is increasing in every country with 80% of people with DM living in low- and middle-income countries. DM caused 4.6 million deaths in 2011.8 It is estimated that 439 million people would have type 2 DM by the year 2030.9 The incidence of type 2 DM varies substantially from one geographical region to the other as a result of environmental and lifestyle risk factors.10 Literature search has shown that there are few data available on the prevalence of type 2 DM in Africa as a whole. Studies examining data trends within Africa point to evidence of a dramatic increase in prevalence in both rural and urban setting, and affecting both gender equally.11 The majority of the D Continue reading >>
Type 2 Diabetes Research Paper
The purpose of this study is to research the disease Type 2 Diabetes and to discover whether it is being effectively treated and prevented in Merced County, California. According to the National Institutes of Health, Diabetes Mellitus is a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there are high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. It is also the most common form of Diabetes.1 Furthermore, there are many risk and lifestyle factors associated with this disease, but the most prevalent are; obesity (#1 risk factor), sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits, family history and genetics, increased age, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, and a history of gestational diabetes.2 The long term complications of having type 2 show more content By understanding the risk factors, or social determinants related to those with type 2 diabetes in Merced County, we can hope to improve the overall health of those with the disease, and slow or prevent others with a predisposition to diabetes. The overabundance of literature and research regarding type 2 diabetes reveals a significant relationship between the disease and a persons behavioral and lifestyle choices. While researchers dont know why some individuals develop diabetes and others dont, what is known is that poor diet, lack of exercise, weight, family history, race, and lack of access to healthcare are key factors associated with the disease.9 According to several recent studies, including a study from the World Health Organization, lifestyle factors, namely poor diet and obesity act as the catalyst for the disease as more and more people are eating a calorie-dense diet of processed foods riddle with refined sugars.10 This behavior coupled with inactivity from a sedentary lifestyle leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus. While Continue reading >>
Type One Diabetes Research Paper
Apa research paper table contents example diabetes, measuring A1C public health topics for research paper levels, treatments like insulin and medication, the link between d 26-3-2018. Know the Warning Signs. 2 Department of Immunobiology, Faculty scientific method research paper of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, how to write an intro research paper London SE19RT, type one diabetes research paper UK. Diabetes Research Define research paper outline and Clinical Practice is an international journal for health-care providers apa style citation research papers and clinically oriented researchers that publishes. cake decorating research paper 11-1-2015. For nutritional reasons, we're often advised type one diabetes research paper to consume the skins Ideas for a research paper for sociology of fruits. Research; Fruit and biolgy research paper topics vegetable. Science expert thinks were missing the point in believing diabetes results apa style and research paper from too many research paper on abortion pro choice calories working alongside a sedentary lifestyle - sugar isnt benign 19-8-2010. Type 2 diabetes is type one diabetes research paper a disease where the type one diabetes research paper body no longer uses insulin efficiently, causing research paper abstract apa example high blood sugar. However, it's less often that research provides strong evidence in support of this advice. Fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis 17-10-2017. Diabetes means that you have too much sugar in your blood +Share+this', 'sharer', 'toolbar=0,status=0,width=620,height=280');"> Apa research paper table contents example diabetes, measuring A1C public health topics for research paper levels, treatments like in Continue reading >>
Type 2 Diabetes Is 'reversible Through Weight Loss'
Many doctors and patients do not realize that weight loss can reverse type 2 diabetes. Instead, there is a widespread belief that the disease is "progressive and incurable," according to a new report published in the BMJ. This is despite there being "consistent evidence" that shedding around 33 pounds (15 kilograms) often produces "total remission" of type 2 diabetes, note Prof. Mike E. J. Lean and other researchers from the University of Glasgow in the United Kingdom. The thrust of their paper is that greater awareness, when combined with better recording and monitoring of remissions, could result in many more patients no longer having to live with type 2 diabetes and a massive reduction in healthcare costs. The global burden of type 2 diabetes has nearly quadrupled over the past 35 years. In 1980, there were around 108 million people with the disease, and by 2014, this number had risen to 422 million. The vast majority of diabetes cases are type 2 diabetes, which is a disease that results when the body becomes less effective at using insulin to help cells to convert blood sugar, or glucose, into energy. Excess body weight is a main cause of this type of diabetes. In the United States, an estimated 30.3 million people, or around 9.4 percent of the population, have diabetes - including around 7.2 million who do not realize it. Diabetes accounts for a high portion of the national bill for taking care of the sick. The total direct and indirect cost of diagnosed diabetes in the U.S. was estimated to be $245 billion in 2012. In that year, of the $13,700 average medical spend for people with diagnosed diabetes, more than half (around $7,900) was directly attributed to the disease. Treatment 'focuses on drugs' Prof. Lean and colleagues note that the current management guideli Continue reading >>
Genetics Of Type 2 Diabetes Revealed In Unprecedented Detail
The largest study of its kind into type 2 diabetes has produced the most detailed picture to date of the genetics underlying the condition. More than 300 scientists from 22 countries collaborated on the study, which analysed the genomes of more than 120,000 people with ancestral origins in Europe, South and East Asia, the Americas and Africa. This study highlights both the challenges we face, and the opportunities that exist, in resolving the complex processes underlying a disease such as type 2 diabetes. The findings, published in Nature, identify several potential targets for new diabetes treatments, but also reveal the complexity of the disease that needs to be addressed by efforts to develop more personalised strategies for treatment and prevention. Type 2 diabetes is a growing threat to global health, with one in 10 people either having the disease or predicted to develop it during their lifetime. For any given individual, the risk of developing this form of diabetes is influenced by the pattern of genetic changes inherited from their parents, and environmental factors such as levels of exercise and choice of diet. A better understanding of precisely how these factors contribute to type 2 diabetes will enable researchers to develop new ways of treating and preventing this condition, as well as offering the prospect for targeting those treatments towards those most likely to benefit, and those least likely to suffer harm. Previous studies have identified over 80 areas in the genome that are associated with type 2 diabetes. However, these studies focused on the role of common DNA differences that appear frequently in the population, and they generally stopped short of identifying exactly which DNA sequence changes, or which specific genes, were responsible for this r Continue reading >>
Type 2 Diabetes Research Focuses On Four Main Areas:
Type 2 diabetes,which used to becalled adult-onset or non insulin-dependent diabetes, results when the body doesnt produce enough insulin or is unable to use insulin properly (a condition called insulin resistance ). This is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for 90%-95% of all cases. It usually occurs in people who are over 40, overweight, and have a family history of the disease although it is also becoming more common in younger people, particularly adolescents. Research indicates that type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Many risk factors make people more likely to develop the disease including obesity, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and physical inactivity. Type 2 diabetes is more common among Native Americans, African Americans, Latinos and Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders. Also, people who develop diabetes while pregnant (a condition called gestational diabetes) are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes later in life, as are people with prediabetes or the metabolic syndrome two diseases that are closely related to type 2 diabetes. People who live with type 2 diabetes must monitor their blood glucose and be sure to keep it in a healthy range through a combination of diet and physical activity. Their doctors may prescribe medications to decrease insulin resistance and although their bodies can still produce some insulin, they may also need to take an additional dosage. In any case, keeping blood glucose as close to normal as possible is very important because poor glucose control is associated with an increased risk of serious complications including damage to blood vessels (vascular complications) which may lead to eye, heart and kidney disease. Type 2 Diabetes Research Focuses on Four Main Areas: Pre Continue reading >>
Type 2 Diabetes
Reversal of type 2 diabetes to normal metabolic control by either bariatric surgery or hypocaloric diet allows for the time sequence of underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms to be observed. In reverse order, the same mechanisms are likely to determine the events leading to the onset of hyperglycemia and permit insight into the etiology of type 2 diabetes. Within 7 days of instituting a substantial negative calorie balance by either dietary intervention or bariatric surgery, fasting plasma glucose levels can normalize. This rapid change relates to a substantial fall in liver fat content and return of normal hepatic insulin sensitivity. Over 8 weeks, first phase and maximal rates of insulin secretion steadily return to normal, and this change is in step with steadily decreasing pancreatic fat content. The difference in time course of these two processes is striking. Recent information on the intracellular effects of excess lipid intermediaries explains the likely biochemical basis, which simplifies both the basic understanding of the condition and the concepts used to determine appropriate management. Recent large, long-duration population studies on time course of plasma glucose and insulin secretion before the diagnosis of diabetes are consistent with this new understanding. Type 2 diabetes has long been regarded as inevitably progressive, requiring increasing numbers of oral hypoglycemic agents and eventually insulin, but it is now certain that the disease process can be halted with restoration of normal carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Type 2 diabetes can be understood as a potentially reversible metabolic state precipitated by the single cause of chronic excess intraorgan fat. Type 2 diabetes has long been known to progress despite glucose-lowering treatment, with 5 Continue reading >>
Type 2 Diabetes Research Yield, 1951-2012: Bibliometrics Analysis And Density-equalizing Mapping
Type 2 Diabetes Research Yield, 1951-2012: Bibliometrics Analysis and Density-Equalizing Mapping Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Affiliation Charit-Universittsmedizin Berlin, Free University Berlin and Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Affiliation Department of Public Health, HSE Eastern Region, Dr Steevens' Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Type 2 Diabetes Research Yield, 1951-2012: Bibliometrics Analysis and Density-Equalizing Mapping The objective of this paper is to provide a detailed evaluation of type 2 diabetes mellitus research output from 1951-2012, using large-scale data analysis, bibliometric indicators and density-equalizing mapping. Data were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded database, one of the seven curated databases within Web of Science. Using Boolean operators "OR", "AND" and "NOT", a search strategy was developed to estimate the total number of published items. Only studies with an English abstract were eligible. Type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes items were excluded. Specific software developed for the database analysed the data. Information including titles, authors affiliations and publication years were extracted from all files and exported to excel. Density-equalizing mapping was conducted as described by Groenberg-Kloft et al, 2008. A total of 24,783 items were published and cited 476,002 times. The greatest number of outputs were published in 2010 (n=2,139). The United States contributed 28.8% to the overall output, followed by the United Kingdom (8.2%) and Japa Continue reading >>
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