Poor Sleep Has Been Linked To Adverse Health And Functioning Outcomes Including Poor Glycemic Control (kim Et Al. , 2013;
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients experie- nce a range of illness related problems such as extreme thirst and co- mplications as a result of poor glycemic control. While health psycholo- gists commonly focus on self-management issues (e.g., medication adhere- nce, eating and exercise behaviour), prevalent sleep problems in this population should also receive more attention. Patients with T2DM often present with sleep distu- rbances (Cuellar & Ratcliffe, 2008) including delayed sleep onset, fre- quent awakening, rest- lessness, and subsequent daytime sleepiness (Ink- ster et al. , 2013). Obstru- ctive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most common sleep disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes (Cass, Alonso, Islam, & Weller, 2013), leading to sleep disru-ptions and nocturnal arousals. Poor sleep has been linked to adverse health and functioning outcomes including poor glycemic control (Kim et al. , 2013; Ohkuma et al. , 2013) and reduced quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes (Chasens & Luyster, 2016; Seligowski et al. , 2013). There are few studies to examine sleep problems in T2DM in tropical settings where consistent day length, light–dark cycle and temperatures may influence wake time schedule and hence sleep patterns (Reutrakul et al. , 2015). In tropical countries, consistent long day length may encourage later bedtime and higher temperatures (year round average 27-34ºC) could compromise sleep (Reutrakul et al. , 2015). To address this gap, we examined the rates and patterns of sleep problems in a sample of adults with T2DM and their associations with sociodemographic and clinical parameters. The focus of this research was on insomnia (i.e. , difficulty falling and/or staying asleep), daytime sleepiness and sleep debt (i.e. , measurable sl Continue reading >>
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How Is Diabetes Affected By Insomnia?
Who’s At Risk and Why? Diabetes is worse when combined with insomnia symptoms, doctors have conclusively discovered. In fact, insomnia makes most medical diseases much worse in ways we are only just now finding out and can chemically disrupt the body’s insulin balance enough to even be a root cause for certain types of diabetes. The Chemistry of the Sleep-Wake Cycle Since diabetics are sensitive to blood glucose levels and chemical balances in the body, it’s illustrative to explore just how detrimental disruptions in the sleep cycle can be. Studies have shown that diabetes worsens when adult sufferers sleep less than 6 hours per night or more than 9.(1) The loss of normal sleep hours or addition of sleep hours seems to undo the body’s chemistry and completely throw off-balance the blood glucose levels. Doctors don’t know for sure the exact chemistry behind this phenomenon outside of the observation. This underscores the importance of the sleep cycle chemistry. Further studies have shown that chronic insomnia in healthy people can also instigate diabetes. Loss of sleep interrupts insulin balance—leads to insulin resistance—which in turn can lead to more severe medical problems and Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Management Much of the challenge for diabetics is proper and long-term management of their diabetes. When the sleep-wake cycle is also mismanaged, so too is the diabetes. Like many other medical diseases and conditions, diabetes is sensitive to sleep disturbances. But insomnia, as a set of symptoms, is usually secondary to something else. Insomnia is characterized in a number of ways: you could have problems going to sleep (sleep onset insomnia), problems waking up and going back to sleep (middle of the night insomnia), or waking up in the early dawn unab Continue reading >>
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Sleep Problems And Type 2 Diabetes
Sleep problems are more common in people with diabetes than in people without the condition. This can mean insomnia , excessive daytime sleepiness, and restless or unpleasant sensations in the legs that disturb sleep. While some people have trouble getting enough sleep , others may get too much. There can be a vicious circle, where sleep affects blood sugar (glucose) levels, and worse sugar control can affect your sleep. Good management of diabetes may help with a good night's sleep. Being deprived of sleep over time is also thought to play a role in the body becoming more resistant to insulin , which can lead to diabetes. Here are some sleep problems with links to type 2 diabetes: Night-time trips to the toilet: If type 2 diabetes isn't well managed, there's a more frequent need to wee, including during the night. Sleep apnoea : This involves pauses in breathing during sleep, called apnoeas, caused by an obstruction of the upper airway. Apnoeas may be interrupted by a brief arousal that doesn't wake you up completely. You often do not even realise that your sleep was disturbed. Obstructive sleep apnoea is more common among people who are overweight, a risk factor it shares with type 2 diabetes . Peripheral neuropathy : Peripheral neuropathy is damage to the nerves in the feet and legs. This can be painful causing more sleepless nights. Restless legs syndrome : This sleep disorder causes people to need to keep moving their legs, and there's often sleep-disturbing tingling, pulling, and pain too. Hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia : High and low blood sugar can cause sleepless nights. For example, you can wake up sweating with hypoglycaemia at night. Blood sugar changes, such as after meals during the day, can make you feel sleepy, and diabetes management changes may be r Continue reading >>
Diabetes And Sleep Disorders
Diabetics have a slightly higher incidence of insomnia. The interesting thing here is how short sleepers are more susceptible to diabetes. Short sleepers also tend to have lower than average glucose tolerance, even when they don’t have diabetes. This has been shown in more than one study. Sleep disorders contribute to the development of Type 2 diabetes and diabetes contributes to the etiology of sleep disorders. Diabetes is a disease in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin. A case study presented at the annual meeting of the American Diabetes Society advocates that healthy young people who habitually got less than 6.5 hours of sleep a night had greater insulin resistance. Contrary to this people who got 7.5 to 8.5 hours of rest had a lesser insulin resistance. This is an issue of prime concern, as insulin resistance is the condition that often leads to Type 2 diabetes. Sleep deprivation leads to low-grade systemic inflammation which is similar to that diabetics have. Diabetes symptoms include nocturia and neuropathic pain which can make it difficult to sleep. Obesity and lack of exercise tends to aggravate the onset and severity of diabetes. Obesity can be prevented to a large extent if a person gets adequate sleep of more than 7 hours along with other precautions. People suffering from different types of sleep disorders experience fatigue and generally tend to remain dull and weak, as a result of which regular exercise becomes an impossibility. Slow-wave sleep has also been found to be important in maintenance of stable glucose levels. A University of Chicago study found that supressions of slow-wave sleep increases blood sugar levels, and the authors speculate that the decline in sleep quality in older adults may contribute to the increase in risk of d Continue reading >>
The Sleep-diabetes Connection
Whenever diabetes patients enter Lynn Maarouf’s office with out-of-control blood sugar levels, she immediately asks them how they are sleeping at night. All too often, the answer is the same: not well. “Any time your blood sugar is really high, your kidneys try to get rid of it by urinating,” says Maarouf, RD, the diabetes education director of the Stark Diabetes Center at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston. “So you are probably getting up and going to bathroom all night long -- and not sleeping well.” Diabetes and sleep problems often go hand in hand. Diabetes can cause sleep loss, and there’s evidence that not sleeping well can increase your risk of developing diabetes. Maarouf says high blood sugar is a red flag for sleep problems among people with diabetes for another reason. “People who are tired will eat more because they want to get energy from somewhere,” she says. “That can mean consuming sugar or other foods that can spike blood sugar levels.” “I really push people to eat properly throughout the day and get their blood sugars under control so they sleep better at night,” Maarouf says. “If you get your blood sugar under control, you will get a good night sleep and wake up feeling fabulous with lots of energy.” “There is some evidence that sleep deprivation could lead to pre-diabetic state,” says Mark Mahowald, MD, director of the Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center in Hennepin County. According to Mahowald, the body's reaction to sleep loss can resemble insulin resistance, a precursor to diabetes. Insulin’s job is to help the body use glucose for energy. In insulin resistance, cells fail to use the hormone efficiently, resulting in high blood sugar. Diabetes occurs when the body does not produce enough in Continue reading >>
Blood Sugar And Sleep Problems: How Blood Sugar Levels Impact Sleep
November is National Diabetes Month and Alaska Sleep Clinic is dedicating this month’s blog posts to raising awareness for diabetic complications and how they correlate with sleep disorders and overall tiredness. SLEEP PROBLEMS AND SNORING MAY PREDICT DIABETES Studies have shown that individuals who consistently have a bad night's sleep are more likely to develop conditions linked to diabetes and heart disease. Loud snoring sleepers (many of whom may have sleep apnea), compared to quiet sleepers, double (2x) their risks of developing certain types of metabolic syndrome(s); including diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure. This likelihood also increased dramatically to 80% in those who found it difficult to fall asleep and to 70% for those who woke up feeling not as refreshed. Blood Sugar and Sleep Problems Sleep can affect your blood sugar levels, and your blood glucose control can also affect your sleep. It’s a vicious cycle. As the amount of sleep decreases, blood sugar increases, escalating the issue. Lack of sleep has been shown to increase blood sugar levels and the risk of diabetic issues. Higher blood sugar means less long-lasting fat metabolism in the night and even less sleep. Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine found that people who slept less than 6 hours a night had more blood sugar complications compared to those who received 8 hours of sleep. HIGH BLOOD SUGAR - HYPERGLYCEMIA Sleepless and restless nights hurt more than your mood and energy; it is a form of chronic stress on the body. When there is added stress on your body this results in having higher blood sugar levels. When researchers restricted people with type-1 diabetes to just 4 hours of sleep, their sensitivity to insulin was reduced by 20% compared to that after a full nig Continue reading >>
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Sleep Disorders In Type 2 Diabetes
Department of Endocrinology, Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, New Delhi, India 1Department of Endocrinology, Venkateshwar Hospital, New Delhi, India 2Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 3Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India Address for correspondence: Dr. Sanjay Kalra, Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India. E-mail: [email protected] Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer Copyright : 2017 Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has shown to be associated with higher incidence of sleep disorders, which may be due to disease itself or because of secondary complications or associated comorbidities associated with diabetes. On the other hand, shorter sleep duration and erratic sleep behavior itself have been linked with higher incidence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and T2DM. Assessment of sleep quality and sleep disorders as a part of the comprehensive medical evaluation is recommended based on emerging evidence suggesting a relationship between sleep quality and glycemic control in persons with T2DM. In this review, we attempt to summarize common sleep disorders associated with T2DM, their impacts on glycemic and other metabolic control, and various preventive and therapeutic strategies to tackle these prob Continue reading >>
Diabetes And Sleep
Tweet Sleep can affect your blood sugar levels and your blood glucose control can also affect your sleep, which results in trouble sleeping. Difficulty getting a good night's rest could be a result of a number of reasons, from hypos at night, to high blood sugars, sleep apnea, being overweight or signs of neuropathy. If you have blood sugar levels that are either too high or too low overnight, you may find yourself tired through the next day. Lethargy and insomnia can both have their roots in blood sugar control and can be a key in re-establishing a healthy sleep pattern.. Getting a good night’s sleep The following may help to promote better sleep: Keep your blood glucose under control Ensure your bed is large and comfortable enough – and pillows at a comfortable height Ensure your room is cool (around 18 degrees celcius) and well ventilated Ensure your room is dark and free from noise – if this is not possible, you may benefit from a sleeping blindfold or ear plugs Incorporating a period of exercise into each day Stick to a regular bed time Can a lack of sleep be a cause of diabetes? Research has shown that sleep deprivation and insulin resistance may be linked. People who regularly lack sleep are will feel more tired through the day and more likely to eat comfort foods. A good night’s sleep is important for our hormones to regulate a large number of the body’s processes, such as appetite, weight control and the immune system. Trouble sleeping from high sugar levels High blood sugar levels can impact upon your sleep. It could be that the high levels make it less comfortable for you to sleep – it may make you feel too warm or irritable and unsettled. Another factor is if you need to go the toilet during the night. For people with regularly high blood sugar l Continue reading >>
Link Between Sleep & Diabetes: Everything You Need To Know
According to National Sleep Foundation, 63% of American population do not get enough daily sleep. Do you also know that most people who suffer from diabetes often have poor sleeping habits? This includes irregular sleeping schedule, difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. And although little has been mentioned about caregivers and parents of diabetes patients, they are more likely to acquire poor sleeping habits and have a higher tendency to suffer from sleeping problems and consequently develop Type 2 diabetes themselves. So if you have diabetes or are currently caring for someone who has diabetes, this article will educate you more about how sleeping disorders can affect your health and how you can get better sleep. This article will cover the following topics: Relationship Between Sleep and Diabetes Your health and sleep go hand in hand. When you do not sleep enough, your body does not get the needed time to repair. As a result, you tend to be unfocused and irritable, and you suddenly have the urge to eat. If this scenario sounds too familiar to you, maybe you should rethink about the relationship between sleep and your diabetes. The Missing Link — Hormones Sleep plays a crucial role in restoring our body cells. Under healthy conditions, after eating, the pancreas secretes insulin to signal fat cells and muscles to absorb the glucose from food to be used for energy creation and prevents the body from using fat as energy source. This chain of reaction causes the blood glucose levels to resume normal. And to prevent the individual from feeling hungry, the body produces the hormone leptin to depresses the appetite. However, when it comes to diabetes individuals, the muscle and fat cells fails to respond to insulin. This causes a high glucose level in the bloodst Continue reading >>
Type 2 Diabetes And Sleep
People who have diabetes often have poor sleep habits, including difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. Some people with diabetes get too much sleep, while others have problems getting enough sleep. According to the National Sleep Foundation, 63% of American adults do not get enough sleep needed for good health, safety, and optimum performance. There are several causes of sleep problems for people with type 2 diabetes, including obstructive sleep apnea, pain or discomfort, restless legs syndrome, the need to go to the bathroom, and other problems associated with type 2 diabetes. Sleep apnea involves pauses in breathing during sleep. The periods of stopped breathing are called apneas, which are caused by an obstruction of the upper airway. Apneas may be interrupted by a brief arousal that does not awaken you completely -- you often do not even realize that your sleep was disturbed. Yet if your sleep was measured in a sleep laboratory, technicians would record changes in the brain waves that are characteristic of awakening. Sleep apnea results in low oxygen levels in the blood because the blockages prevent air from getting to the lungs. The low oxygen levels also affect brain and heart function. Up to two-thirds of the people who have sleep apnea are overweight. Sleep apnea alters our sleep cycle and stages of sleep. Some studies have linked altered sleep stages with a decrease in growth hormone, which plays a key role in body composition such as body fat, muscle, and abdominal fat. Researchers have found a possible link between sleep apnea and the development of diabetes and insulin resistance (the inability of the body to use insulin). Peripheral neuropathy, or damage to the nerves in the feet and legs, is another cause of sleep disruption. This nerve damage can c Continue reading >>
Sleep Problems And Diabetes
My children are deep sleepers. When I go into their dark rooms in the morning to wake them for school, I rub their shoulders or tickle their feet, and they don’t budge. I often have to turn on the bright overhead light to wake them. They’ll open their groggy eyes and look at me as if I’ve pulled them from deep dreams. They’ll stumble to the bathroom to relieve their bladder that hasn’t been emptied all night. I look at them longingly, wishing I could sleep that deeply. Most nights I wake up at least once to pee. On good nights, I can fall right back to sleep, but more often I lie in bed tossing and turning, trying to breathe deeply and ignore the thoughts that start creeping into my head (“remember to make the orthodontist appointment… we’re out of milk… don’t forget to submit that article for deadline!”). I try not to look at the clock because I know it will stress me out to know I’ve been awake for 30 minutes or more. I try to visualize my happy place and let sleep come. Some nights it’s not my bladder that wakes me, but my blood sugar. The other night I woke up, slid my legs over the side of the bed, slipped my feet into my slippers, and saw stars. Greenish-yellow flashes of lights beneath my eyelids that only appear when my blood sugar is low. I stumbled to the kitchen to test my blood sugar (it was one of those lows when I was holding my monitor in my hand, staring it, knowing I was supposed to do something with it, but not sure what that something was). The number that flashed on the screen was 41mg/dl. Looking back, it’s kind of funny that whenever I’m low, the first thing I do is test, not treat. You’d think my instinct would be to reach for my glucose tabs, but for some reason I always test first. I think it’s another example o Continue reading >>
Type 2 Diabetes And Sleep Troubles
Sleep is important for everyone, but it’s especially important when your body experiences changing blood sugar levels and other symptoms of type 2 diabetes. “Sleep deprivation causes changes in the effectiveness of the body's control of appetite, which can lead to weight gain, higher blood sugar, and increased resistance to insulin,” says Richard Castriotta, MD, director of the division of pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. Although sleep is very important when you have type 2 diabetes, you may find you can’t sleep when you need it most. One explanation for the problem seems to be the connection between diabetes and sleep apnea. Sleep apnea is a condition that’s characterized by periods of halted breathing while you’re asleep, which wakes you up repeatedly throughout the night, leaving you fatigued and not well rested in the morning. Both type 2 diabetes and sleep apnea are health concerns that are linked to obesity, so experts have long recognized a connection between the two. However, only recently has it been realized how closely these conditions are tied to one another. “There’s much more interrelation between the two conditions than we thought,” says Betul Hatipoglu, MD, a physician in the Cleveland Clinic’s department of endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism. “In fact, one may actually contribute to causing the other, and vice versa. Recent studies have shown that sleep apnea actually increases insulin resistance, hunger, and other type 2 diabetes symptoms,” Dr. Hatipoglu says. “Other studies have shown that treating sleep apnea also improves the symptoms of type 2 diabetes.” Other Sleep Issues You Might Face Another problem that disrupts sleep is frequent urinatio Continue reading >>
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Sleep Disturbance And Onset Of Type 2 Diabetes
Sleep disturbance, which is often observed among patients with diabetes (1), is possibly caused by impaired glucose metabolism or physical and psychological discomfort due to the disorder. In addition, a recent prospective study of women has indicated an interesting association between sleep patterns and later-onset type 2 diabetes, with a greater incidence among both short-term (<6 h) and long-term (>8 h) sleepers (2). Disturbance in sleep quality may also affect the later onset of overt diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. We investigated the association between sleep disturbance and the subsequent onset of type 2 diabetes in a group of Japanese male employees. We analyzed the database of an 8-year prospective study of male employees of an electrical company in Japan (3). We followed 2,649 male employees with no medical history of diabetes or other chronic illnesses at baseline for 8 years from 1984 to 1992. Data from 2,265 (86%) male respondents, who were thoroughly followed, were analyzed. All subjects received a medical checkup once a year during the follow-up to identify those with type 2 diabetes according to World Health Organization criteria (4). A mailed questionnaire was used to assess sleep disturbance in the previous month at baseline. Two single-item questions were asked concerning difficulty initiating sleep (“Did you have trouble falling asleep?”) and difficulty maintaining sleep (“Did you often wake up in the middle of the night?”). The subjects were classified into one of two categories: low for those who indicated “seldom” or “sometimes” and high for those who indicated “often” or “almost everyday” in response to the questions. During the 18,006 person-year observation, 38 incidents of type 2 diabetes were identified (an incidence rat Continue reading >>
Can Lack Of Sleep Cause Diabetes?
When we think about diabetes, we usually think about causes involving food, but did you know that sleep might also have an effect on it? Some evidence suggests that sleep deprivation can lead to pre-diabetic states. It’s important to note that when we talk about sleep deprivation, we don’t mean having had a few bad nights – it’s a long-term, serious issue. If you’re a bit sleepy after a late night, you’re probably fine. If you’re chronically tired, struggling to sleep for more than a few hours at a time, and losing focus on daily activities? Then you’re probably suffering from sleep deprivation. Mark Mahowald, director of the Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, notes that our bodies’ reaction to sleep deprivation can be similar to insulin resistance – a precursor to diabetes. Additionally, poor sleep can lead to weight gain, which also increases the risk of diabetes. Whilst there’s no guarantee that lack of sleep will give you diabetes, there is plenty of evidence to suggest that diabetes can cause sleep loss, so it’s always worth getting checked out if you’re concerned. Many diabetic people have the same issues sleeping – waking often to go to the bathroom. This is because when your blood sugar is too high; your kidneys try to lower it by urinating. If you find that you’re not sleeping well because of a constant need to use the bathroom, it’s definitely worth talking to your doctor about. Diabetes Care published a study in which 40 people with type 2 diabetes were assessed for 6 nights, as well as providing blood samples. Those who were found to sleep poorly had much higher levels of glucose and insulin in their blood (meaning that they had much higher insulin resistance – which increases the risk of complications). This study d Continue reading >>
Sleep Quality And Its Impact On Glycaemic Control In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Sciencedirect
Volume 1, Issue 3 , September 2014, Pages 260-265 Sleep quality and its impact on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Author links open overlay panel Bing-QianZhu Xiao-MeiLi Open Access funded by Chinese Nursing Association To investigate the sleep quality of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its impact on glycaemic control. Using a convenience sampling method, 220 patients with T2D were recruited. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate the sleep quality with threshold at PSQI ≥ 8. The glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test was used to measure the glycaemic control with threshold at HbA1c < 7%. The PSQI score was 8.30 ± 4.12. The sleep disorder incidence rate was 47.1%. Patients with HbA1c ≥ 7% had significantly lower PSQI global and factor scores (p < 0.01) versus the control group. Sleep latency, sleep disturbance, and daytime dysfunction were the risk factors for poor glycaemic control. Patients with T2D have high sleep disorder rate negatively impacting glycaemic control. Health care providers should pay close attention to the sleep quality of T2D patients, and provide them with appropriate educational material. Continue reading >>
