Health Status Of Canadians 2016: Report Of The Chief Public Health Officer - How Are We Unhealthy? - Diabetes
How are we unhealthy? Diabetes In 2011, almost almost 2.7 million or 1 in 10 Canadians 20 years and older were living with diagnosed diabetes (type 1, type 2) as measured through hospitalizations or physician claims (see Figure 1)1. Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in Canada and is linked to a variety of complications (e.g., amputations, loss of vision) and other diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, kidney disease).2 Age, obesity and physical inactivity are some of the many risk factors for type 2 diabetes.2 Over time Data adjusted by age and collected from hospitalizations and physicians claims show that:1 6% of Canadians 20 years and older had been diagnosed with diabetes by 2000. 10% of Canadians 20 years and older had been diagnosed with diabetes by 2011. Self-reported data are lower than data collected through hospitalizations and physician claims, but show the same general trend. The proportion of Canadians 12 years and older who reported being diagnosed with diabetes (type 1, type 2 or gestational) at some point in their life has been increasing (see Figure 2)1. Data from hospitalizations and physician claims may be more accurate; however, are not available to make comparisons by sex, income, age and in Indigenous populations. For these analyses (see below), self-reported data are used. By sex In 2014, the proportion of Canadians 12 years and older who reported living with diabetes was 6% for men and 5% for women based on age-adjusted data (see Figure 2)3. Percent of Canadians who report living with diabetes by age group, 2013-2014Footnote 11 12 to 19 years 20 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and older Tableau 1 footnotes Table 1 footnote a High sampling variability. Interpret with caution Return to table 1 footnote a refer Continue reading >>
Why Does Ancestry Matter For Some Medical Decisions?
Short answer: Most often ancestry and environment together mould disease risk. Ancestry alone directly confers disease risk less often, specifically so in cases where single gene mutations have outsize effects. Tay–Sachs disease - Wikipedia, Sickle-cell disease - Wikipedia and Cystic fibrosis - Wikipedia are some well-known examples of the latter. Longer answer if interested Why It's So Difficult to Scientifically Tease Apart The Role Of Ancestry In Disease Causes Human ancestry is the outcome of choice that liberally pockmarks both past and present with gratuitous violence and calamities since it's a choice contrived to mediate and enforce differential access to resources. This choice manifests itself as caste, class, ethnicity, linguistic group, race, sect, tribe, etc. They're social, i.e., explicitly political and cultural, not biological categories (1) but they end up influencing biology anyway. Here's how. Human societies tend to practice some form of social stratification or another. Over time, differential access to critical healthful life-sustaining resources such as quality education, health care and nutrition impact health, especially since social stratification-engendered privations tend to be experienced across generations. Thus, health disparity is the outcome of historical inequities a particular social category experiences at the hands of what usually tends to be a long-prevailing hegemony. Persistence of social stratifications across generations thus end up influencing biology by differentially influencing disease risk through the human-created construct of health disparity. The ethically unambiguous and appropriate place for ancestry in biomedicine lies in helping to try to tease apart the relative contributions of health disparity versus genetic pred Continue reading >>
The Cost Of Diabetes In Canada Over 10 Years: Applying Attributable Health Care Costs To A Diabetes Incidence Prediction Model
Go to: Methods Diabetes risk and incidence To estimate the predicted risk and number of new diabetes cases within the next 10 years, we used the Diabetes Population Risk Tool version 2.0. DPoRT 2.0 is an updated iteration of DPoRT, a predictive algorithm developed to calculate future population risk and incidence of physician- diagnosed diabetes in those aged 20 years and over. DPoRT was derived using national survey data individually linked to a chart-validated diabetes registry. This cohort was then used to create sex-specific survival models using baseline risk factors from the survey for diabetes incidence. Specifically, we assessed the probability of physician-diagnosed diabetes from the interview date until censoring for death or end of follow-up. The model was developed in the Ontario cohort and predictions from the model were validated against actual observed diabetes incidence in two external cohorts in Ontario and Manitoba. Variables used within its two sex-specific models include a combination of hypertension, ethnicity, education, immigrant status, body mass index, smoking status, heart disease and income. Full details on the model specification and validation can be found elsewhere. 7 The regression model can run on nationally available population health surveys and has been updated (DPoRT 2.0) and used to established prevention targets for diabetes.8 For this study, we used DPoRT 2.0 to generate incidence predictions based on the recent 2011 and 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). The CCHS collects information on the demographics, health status and determinants of health of the Canadian population. It is a nationally representative survey that uses a crosssectional study design and is administered on an ongoing basis, with annual data reporting. Continue reading >>
Diabetes Statistics In Canada
Key Statistics[1] 2015 2025 Estimated diabetes prevalence (n/%) 3.4 million/9.3% 5 million/12.1% Estimated prediabetes prevalence in Canada (n/%) (age 20+) 5.7 million/22.1% 6.4 million/23.2% Estimated diabetes prevalence increase (%) 44% from 2015-2025 Estimated diabetes cost increase (%) 25% from 2015-2025 Impact of diabetes Diabetes complications are associated with premature death. It is estimated that one of ten deaths in Canadian adults was attributable to diabetes in 2008/09.[2] People with diabetes are over three times more likely to be hospitalized with cardiovascular disease, 12 times more likely to be hospitalized with end-stage renal disease and over 20 times more likely to be hospitalized for a non-traumatic lower limb amputation compared to the general population.[3] Thirty per cent of people with diabetes have clinically relevant depressive symptoms; individuals with depression have an approximately 60% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.3 Foot ulceration affects an estimated 15-25% of people with diabetes. One-third of amputations in 2011-2012 were performed on people reporting a diabetic foot wound.[4] Some populations are at higher risk of type 2 diabetes, such as those of South Asian, Asian, African, Hispanic or Aboriginal descent, those who are overweight, older or have low income. Diabetes rates are 3-5 times higher in First Nations, a situation compounded by barriers to care for Aboriginal people.3 Fifty-seven percent of Canadians with diabetes reported they cannot adhere to prescribed treatment due to the high out-of-pocket cost of needed medications, devices and supplies. The average cost for these supports is >3% of income or >$1,500.[5] As a result of stigma or fear of stigma, 37% of Canadians with type 2 diabetes surveyed by the Cana Continue reading >>
Diabetes, 2015
In 2015, 6.9% of Canadians aged 12 and older (roughly 2.1 million people) reported being diagnosed with diabetes.1 Overall, males (7.8%) were more likely than females (5.9%) to report that they had diabetes.2 Diabetes increased with age3 for both males and females up to age 64. The prevalence did not increase significantly for those aged 75 or older (Chart 1). The proportion of residents aged 12 and older who reported being diagnosed with diabetes was lower than the national average (6.9%) in Alberta (4.7%).4 The proportion of residents who reported being diagnosed with diabetes was higher than the national average in: Newfoundland and Labrador (10.5%) Nova Scotia (10.1%) New Brunswick (8.8%) The proportion of residents who reported being diagnosed with diabetes was about the same as the national average in the other provinces. Canadians aged 18 and older who were either overweight or obese were more likely than those who were classified as having a normal weight5 to report that they had been diagnosed with diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes among obese Canadians was 13.6% in 2015, compared with 6.6% among overweight Canadians and 3.2% among those classified as having a normal weight. Start of text box Diabetes occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin, or when the insulin produced is not used effectively. Diabetes may lead to a reduced quality of life as well as complications such as heart disease, stroke and kidney disease.6 Survey respondents were asked to report if they had been diagnosed with diabetes by a health professional. Included in the reports were: type 1, which is usually diagnosed in children and adolescents; type 2, which usually develops in adulthood; and gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy. End of text box References James, Continue reading >>
Key Statisticsi 2016 2026
Diabetes in Canada Diabetes and prediabetes prevalent cases (rate) 11 million (29%) 13.9 million (33%) Diabetes prevalent cases (rate) 3.5 million (9.2%) 4.9 million (11.6%) Cost of diabetes to health-care system $3.4 billion $5 billion 2006 to 2016: estimated increase in diabetes prevalence 72% 2016 to 2026: estimated increase in diabetes prevalence 41% Impact of diabetes: • Diabetes complications are associated with premature death. Diabetes reduces lifespan by 5–15 years. It is estimated that one of ten deaths in Canadian adults was attributable to diabetes in 2008–2009.1 • People with diabetes are over three times more likely to be hospitalized with cardiovascular disease, 12 times more likely to be hospitalized with end-stage renal disease and over 20 times more likely to be hospitalized for a non-traumatic lower limb amputation compared to the general population.1 • Diabetes contributes to 30% of strokes, 40% of heart attacks, 50% of kidney failure requiring dialysis, and 70% of nontraumatic lower limb amputations2 and is a leading cause of vision loss. • Thirty per cent (30%) of people with diabetes have clinically relevant depressive symptoms; individuals with depression have an approximately 60% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.3 • The risk of blindness in people with diabetes is up to 25 times higher than those without diabetes.4 Diabetes is the leading cause of acquired blindness in Canadians under the age of 50.5 Diabetic retinopathy affects 500,000 Canadians.6 • Foot ulceration affects an estimated 15%–25% of people with diabetes in their lifetime.7 One-third of amputations in 2011–2012 were performed on people reporting a diabetic foot wound.8 • Some populations are at higher Continue reading >>
Diabetes
The presence of diabetes is based on the population aged 12 or older who reported that a health professional diagnosed them as having diabetes. This includes females 15 or older who reported that they have been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. The definition does not distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes Diabetes is an important indicator of population health because of its increasing prevalence, association with lifestyle risk factors, and far-reaching consequences. Common complications include heart disease and stroke, vision problems or blindness, kidney failure, and nerve damage1. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide2. Formerly considered a disease of adults and the elderly, it is now appearing in children3,4. The burdens imposed by diabetes include shortened life expectancy and fewer years lived in good health, as well as health care costs for those afflicted. The aging population is the most important demographic change affecting diabetes prevalence worldwide. Even if incidence rates were to remain stable, because of the growing number of seniors, the overall prevalence of diabetes would increase2,5. Being overweight or obese is an important risk factor for diabetes6. Rising percentages of Canadians in these categories7 could increase the prevalence of diabetes. Physical activity reduces the risk of developing diabetes and inhibits the progression of the disease by increasing sensitivity to insulin. Even when body mass index (BMI) and other factors were taken into account, diabetes incidence was higher among inactive people5. Family history (parent or sibling with diabetes) was associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes5. While this may indicate a genetic predisposition, shared behaviours and increased awareness that Continue reading >>
- American Diabetes Association® Releases 2018 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, with Notable New Recommendations for People with Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes
- Leeds diabetes clinical champion raises awareness of gestational diabetes for World Diabetes Day
- Diabetes doctors: Which specialists treat diabetes?
Type 1 Diabetes
About T1D Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which a person’s pancreas stops producing insulin, a hormone that enables people to get energy from food. It occurs when the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, called beta cells. While its causes are not yet entirely understood, scientists believe that both genetic factors and environmental triggers are involved. Its onset has nothing to do with diet or lifestyle. There is nothing you can do to prevent T1D, and—at present—nothing you can do to get rid of it. Affects Children and Adults T1D strikes both children and adults at any age. It comes on suddenly, causes dependence on injected or pumped insulin for life, and carries the constant threat of devastating complications. Needs Constant Attention Living with T1D is a constant challenge. People with the disease must carefully balance insulin doses (either by injections multiple times a day or continuous infusion through a pump) with eating and daily activities throughout the day and night. They must also test their blood sugar by pricking their fingers for blood six or more times a day. Despite this constant attention, people with T1D still run the risk of dangerous high or low blood sugar levels, both of which can be life-threatening. People with T1D overcome these challenges on a daily basis. Not Cured By Insulin While insulin injections or infusion allow a person with T1D to stay alive, they do not cure the disease, nor do they necessarily prevent the possibility of the disease’s serious effects, which may include: kidney failure, blindness, nerve damage, amputations, heart attack, stroke, and pregnancy complications. Perseverance and Hope Although T1D is a serious and difficult disease, treatment Continue reading >>
Diabetes In Ontario Last Updated: September 2016 Key Statistics1 2016 2026
Diabetes and prediabetes prevalent cases (rate) 4.6 million (30.1%) 5.9 million (34.5%) Diabetes prevalent cases (rate) 1.6 million (10.5%) 2.3 million (13.6%) Undiagnosed diabetes prevalent cases 689,000 Type 1 diabetes prevalent cases 80,000–160,000 Increase in diabetes prevalent cases from 2016 to 2026 46% Annual out-of-pocket cost for type 1 diabetes administering insulin by multiple daily injections (% of income)2 $1,061–$2,344 Annual out-of-pocket cost for type 1 diabetes, administering insulin with an insulin pump (% of income)2 $543–$1,657 Annual out-of-pocket cost for type 2 diabetes (% of income)2 $244–$1,874 Impact of diabetes: • Diabetes complications are associated with premature death. Diabetes reduces lifespan by 5–15 years. It is estimated that one of ten deaths in Canadian adults was attributable to diabetes in 2008–2009.3 • People with diabetes are over three times more likely to be hospitalized with cardiovascular disease, 12 times more likely to be hospitalized with end-stage renal disease and over 20 times more likely to be hospitalized for a non-traumatic lower limb amputation compared to the general population.3 • Diabetes contributes to 30% of strokes, 40% of heart attacks, 50% of kidney failure requiring dialysis, and 70% of nontraumatic lower limb amputations4 and is a leading cause of vision loss. • Thirty per cent (30%) of people with diabetes have clinically relevant depressive symptoms; individuals with depression have an approximately 60% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.5 • The risk of blindness in people with diabetes is up to 25 times higher than those without diabetes.6 Diabetes is the leading cause of acquired blindness in Canadians under the age of 50 Continue reading >>
Diabetes
Banting and Best Laboratory Banting and Best's laboratory where insulin was discovered (courtesy University of Toronto Archives/A1965-0004). Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a disease in which the body either produces insufficient amounts of insulin or cannot use insulin properly. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Treatment for the disease received a monumental breakthrough when a team of researchers at the University of Toronto (Frederick Banting, Charles Best, John Macleod and James Collip) isolated insulin between 1921 and 1922. Background and Symptoms Everyone needs insulin to break down food. What and how much someone eats affects blood glucose levels. When someone has diabetes, there is either not enough insulin in the body or the body cannot use the insulin it produces. Rather than being used as energy, glucose in a diabetic person is stored in the body’s cells and collects in the bloodstream. Over time, elevated blood glucose can cause serious damage to the body. Specific symptoms include fatigue, thirst, frequent urination, damage to nerves, blurred vision and muscle cramps. Even when diabetes is controlled, the insulin supply of the body is limited. Types of Diabetes There are two main types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2, as well as related conditions including prediabetes and gestational diabetes. Type 1 Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Medical illustration of the symptoms of type 1 diabetes. 29046518 © Rob3000 | Dreamstime.com Type 1 diabetes is found in 10 per cent of people with diabetes. Also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, type 1 was formerly called juvenile-onset diabetes because it generally develops at a young age. Autoimmunity is a major cause of type 1 diabetes, meaning that the body mistakenly Continue reading >>
- American Diabetes Association® Releases 2018 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, with Notable New Recommendations for People with Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes
- Leeds diabetes clinical champion raises awareness of gestational diabetes for World Diabetes Day
- Diabetes doctors: Which specialists treat diabetes?
Diabetes In Canada: Facts And Figures From A Public Health Perspective
This 2011 report provides the most recent diabetes statistics in Canada. It presents rates of the disease (type 1 and type 2 combined) by age group, sex, province and over time, its consequences on the health of affected individuals, and health care utilisation related with diabetes. The report offers statistics on risk factors for developing diabetes and its complications, including obesity/overweight, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking. Information on diabetes among children and youth and Aboriginal populations is also presented. Table of contents Editorial board members Scientific reviewers Acknowledgements A few words from the Chief Public Health Officer Chapter 1 – The burden of diabetes in Canada Chapter 2 – The health impact of diabetes on Canadians Complications associated with diabetes Chapter 3 – The health system and economic impact of diabetes Chapter 4 – Reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes and its complications Chapter 5 – Diabetes in children and youth Chapter 6 – Diabetes among First Nations, Inuit, and Métis populations List of figures Chapter 1 Figure 1-1. Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among individuals aged one year and older, by age group and sex, Canada, 2008/09 Figure 1-2. Age-standardized prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among individuals aged one year and older, by province/territory, Canada, 2008/09 Figure 1-3. Age-standardized prevalence and number of cases of diagnosed diabetes among individuals aged one year and older, Canada, 1998/99 to 2008/09 Figure 1-4. Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among individuals aged one year and older, by age group, Canada, 1998/99 to 2008/09 Figure 1-5. Incidence rates of diagnosed diabetes among individuals aged one year and older, by age group and sex, Canada, 2008/09 Figure 1-6. Continue reading >>
