Fish Oil Pills Might Cut Diabetes Risk
HealthDay Reporter supplements could help reduce the risk for type 2 diabetes, new research suggests. The supplements, also known as omega-3 fatty acids, increase levels of a hormone called adiponectin that's linked to insulin sensitivity, Harvard researchers found. Higher levels of this hormone in the bloodstream have also been linked to a lower risk for heart disease. "While prior animal studies found fish oil increased circulating adiponectin, whether similar effects apply in humans is not established," the study's lead author, Jason Wu, from the Harvard School of Public Health, said in a news release from the Endocrine Society. For their study, the researchers conducted a "meta-analysis" of 14 clinical trials. A meta-analysis reviews existing research and attempts to find a consistent pattern. In this case, the studies that were reviewed were all randomized, placebo-controlled trials, which is considered the gold standard in research. "By reviewing evidence from existing randomized clinical trials, we found that fish oil supplementation caused modest increases in adiponectin in the blood of humans," Wu explained. Overall, the new study looked at 682 people who took fish oil supplements, and 641 who were given placebos such as sunflower or olive oil. Among the people treated with fish oil, adiponectin levels increased by 0.37 micrograms per milliliter of blood. This hormone plays a beneficial role in processes that affect metabolism, such as blood sugar regulation and inflammation. Because the effects of fish oil varied significantly in the studies analyzed, the researchers suggested that omega-3 fatty acids could have a stronger effect in certain groups of people. The investigators concluded that more research is needed to determine which people would benefit most f Continue reading >>
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
A type of polyunsaturated fat believed to have multiple health benefits. Omega-3 fatty acids get their name from the structure of their molecules, in which the first of several double bonds occurs three carbon atoms away from the end of the carbon chain. There are three types of omega-3 fatty acids: Alpha-linolenic acid (LNA) is found in vegetable sources, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) come from fish and other marine life. Research has suggested that consuming omega-3 fatty acids found in fish and fish oils could protect a person from coronary heart disease. For example, some studies have shown that Greenland Eskimos, who consume a lot of seal and whale meat, have much lower blood cholesterol levels, lower triglyceride levels, and lower rates of coronary artery disease than people living in Denmark (who consume less fish). Other studies have shown that men who ate fish at least once a week had a lower mortality rate from coronary artery disease than men who ate none. Other potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids have also emerged from scientific studies, including the following: • Diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids may decrease insulin resistance in people with diabetes. • Diets high in omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of heart attacks, stroke, macular degeneration, and certain types of cancer. • Those who consume more fish appear to have lower rates of depression, and omega-3 supplements, when used in conjunction with conventional medical therapy, may be helpful in treating bipolar disorder (also known as manic depression) and schizophrenia. • Omega-3 supplements have been shown to improve symptoms of inflammatory diseases such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and inflammatory bowel disease. Health experts agree t Continue reading >>
Effects Of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation On Glucose Control And Lipid Levels In Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis
Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Glucose Control and Lipid Levels in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis Affiliations: Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China, 430030, The center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China, 430030 Affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China, 430030 Affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China, 430030 Many studies assessed the impact of marine omega-3 fatty acids on glycemic homeostasis and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but reported controversial results. Our goal was to systematically evaluate the effects of omega-3 on glucose control and lipid levels. Medline, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, the National Research Register, and SIGLE were searched to identify eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Extracted data from RCTs were analyzed using STATA 11.0 statistical software with fixed or random effects model. Effect sizes were presented as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using the Chi-square test with significance level set at p < 0.1. 20 RCT trials were included into this meta-analysis. Among patients with omega-3 supplementation, triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly decreased by 0.24 mmol/L. No marked change in total cholesterol (TC), HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, postprandial plasma glucose, BMI or body weight was observed. High ratio of EPA/DHA contributed to a greater decreasing tendency in plasma insulin, HbAc1, TC, TG, and BMI measures, although Continue reading >>
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Type 2 Diabetes Risk Tied To Omega-3 Fatty Acid Consumption
Type 2 Diabetes Risk Tied to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Consumption Type 2 Diabetes Risk Tied to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Consumption Type 2 diabetes risk appears to be higher with consumption of single omega-3. HealthDay News -- Consumption of single omega-3 is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, with dosage, ethnicity, trial duration, and recruited age influencing the effect, according to a meta-analysis published in the Journal of Diabetes Investigation. Cai Chen, from the Huazhong University of Science & Technology in China, and colleagues conducted a meta-analysis based on prospective cohorts to examine the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on the risk of type 2 diabetes . They calculated pooled risk using a fixed or random effects model. The researchers found that consumption of single omega-3 correlated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (relative risk [RR]: 1.45); the relative risk was statistically insignificant for mixed omega-3. For diabetes risk, the dose-response curve presented an inverted U-shape, corresponding to omega-3 consumption dose. In subanalysis, omega-3 was inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in Asians (RR: 0.82); in Westerners the risk was increased (RR: 1.3). A positive association was seen between type 2 diabetes risk and omega-3 intake in studies with follow-up duration 16 years and baseline age of 54 years or older. "Our findings suggest that dosage and composition of omega-3, ethnicity, trial duration and recruited age may influence the effect of omega-3 on type 2 diabetes progression," the researchers wrote. Disclosure: The study was partially funded by CIMF-Novo Nordisk. Omega-3 Fatty Acids May Be Beneficial After Acute Myocardial Infarction Chen C, Yang Y, Yu X, Hu S, Shao S. Association between Omega-3 fatty acid Continue reading >>
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Could Help Prevent Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes
Omega-3 fatty acids could help prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes Omega-3 fatty acids could help prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes Bottled juice drinks increase risk of type 2 diabetes, researchers suggest 01 September 2017 A balanced diet rich in omega-3 improves gut health which could have benefits towards obesity and type 2 diabetes , according to new research. A team of experts from Nottingham and London have been comparing how different diets can affect the gut. They said people who eat plenty of probiotic foods, fibres and omega-3 oils, which are often found in fish , benefit from a healthier gut and better health outcomes. During a study of more than 800 middle-aged to older women, researchers looked at how a larger intake of omega-3 affected the trillions of viruses , bacteria and fungi that live in the gut, otherwise known as the microbiome. The trial showed that the women who regularly consumed greater levels of omega-3 were found to have healthier gut health. The health benefits of diverse microbiomes are significant as it is thought this can help lower the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes , as well as gut conditions such as Crohn's or colitis. Lead author associate professor and reader, Dr Ana Valdes, who is affiliated to the NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, said: "Our study is the largest to date to examine the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and the composition of the gut microbiome. "We examined their food intake of omega-3 fatty acids using food frequency questionnaires and found these data, together with their serum levels of omega-3, were strongly associated with the diversity and number of species of healthy bacteria in the gut." Dr Cristina Menni, from King's College London, added that they discovered that specific bacteria Continue reading >>
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids - Researchers Find That Omega-3 Fatty Acids (dha) Can Help Prevent Fatty Liver Disease And Reduce The Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes.
Researchers find that omega-3 fatty acids (DHA) can help prevent fatty liver disease and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. Written by Amy Hess-Fischl, MS, RD, LDN, BC-ADM, CDE and Thomas G. Ciccone It is common knowledge that people with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In the late 1980s, researchers began to identify the use of dietary supplements with fish oil as one method to treat the typical dyslipidemia associated with diabetes. While animal fats are high in saturated fats, fish oils are high in polyunsaturated fats, specifically omega-3 fatty acids. Over the past few decades, many studies have shown some benefit to the addition of omega-3 fatty acids and new studies continue to be published today solidifying the fact that they may have some benefit in reducing cardiovascular disease. A new study published in Diabetes Care 1 also revealed that increasing fish intake, and subsequent omega-3 fatty acids, can also reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in men. Additional studies can be helpful to assess its benefit for the entire population. Omega-3 fatty acids, especially those derived from fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, or sardines, may have a wider health benefit than previously suspected. Of importance to people with diabetes is the finding that DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) may reduce the formation of harmful glucose metabolites linked to diabetic complications, reported researchers from Oregon State University. The investigators sought to further study the health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids metabolites on the liver, a study coined metabolomics. The team discovered that when laboratory animals were given the equivalent of 2 to 4 grams per day of DHA, the supplement helped to prevent fatty liver disease and assisted in vitamin, Continue reading >>
High Omega-3 Pufa Intake Reduces Type 2 Diabetes Risk
High Omega-3 PUFA Intake Reduces Type 2 Diabetes Risk A higher level of serum long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) an objective biomarker of fish intake is linked to a lower long-term risk for type 2 diabetes, according to the results of a new prospective, population-based cohort study. Among dietary factors, the long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), from fish and other seafood have gained special interest because of their beneficial effects on the risk for cardiovascular diseases and several risk factors for diabetes, including inflammation, adiposity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, explain Jyrki K. Virtanen, PhD, adjunct professor of nutritional epidemiology at the University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, and colleagues in their article published in the January issue of Diabetes Care. But findings from most previous studies have been mixed in relation to whether long-chain omega-3 PUFAs have a beneficial or detrimental effect on type 2 diabetes risk per se, they note. The current study differs from most previous trials in using an objective biomarker as a measure of exposure to serum omega-3 PUFAs, and the fact "that few prior studies have used an objective biomarker may partly explain their diverse findings," Dr. Virtanen pointed out. The research also looked at the influence of mercury exposure on incidence of diabetes and whether contamination of this kind modifies any effects of long-chain omega PUFAs. "Despite relatively high exposure to methylmercury, mainly through fish consumption, mercury exposure did not affect the risk of type 2 diabetes in our study population," he told Medscape Medical News. Highest Omega-3 PUFA Intake Lowered Diabetes by 33% Type 2 diabetes is on the rise in Finland, preci Continue reading >>
Best Omega-3 Fatty Acid Foods For Diabetes: Salmon, Walnuts, And More | Everyday Health
Why Omega-3 Fatty Acids Are Good for Diabetes Consider the fact that omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to help people control their body weight and their blood sugar, and its easy to see why experts recommend them as part of a healthy diet if you have diabetes. For example, fish oil pills, which contain omega-3s, may help you shrink your waistline when combined with other healthy lifestyle changes, such as caloric restriction and physical activity, according to a review of 21 randomized controlled trials published in November 2015 in the journal PLoS One . Omega-3s also may help your heart, which is important if you have diabetes because youre at an increased risk for heart disease , says Susan Bowerman, RD, director of worldwide nutrition education and training at Herbalife Nutrition in Torrance, California. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends women get 1.1 grams (g) of omega-3s each day, and that men get slightly more 1.6 g. And when it comes to omega-3s, the scientific community knows some types are more beneficial than others. Bowerman says the two best sources of omega-3s are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are found in fatty fish, like salmon, tuna, mackerel, albacore tuna, herring, lake trout, and sardines. But if you follow a vegan diet or simply do not have a taste for seafood, you may still be able to reap the benefits of omega-3s with the plant-based variety: alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), she explains. Sources of ALA include kidney beans, black beans, flaxseed, and chia seeds, according to the NIH. The downside of going this route is the body can only convert a portion of ALA to EPA, Bowerman notes. Though the NIH advises opting for the whole-food form over supplements, the latter option available in fish-oil Continue reading >>
Are Omega 3 Fats Good For Diabetes? - Diabetes Self-management
You may have heard that omega-3 fatty acids are good for you. Is this true for people with diabetes? If so, whats the best way to get them? A new study from England found that women who consume more omega 3s have a healthier mix of gut bacteria. These bacteria have been found to reduce the risk of obesity and Type 2 diabetes. A study from Harvard University found that omega 3s raise levels of a hormone called adiponectin, which increases insulin sensitivity. Researchers felt this might help prevent or control Type 2 diabetes. Omega 3s are a group of PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids). There are three kinds of omega 3s. Those known as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are mostly found in fish. A third type, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), is found in plants. The body can use ALA to produce small amounts of the other types. All three types help reduce inflammation, prevent heart disease and stroke, and decrease insulin resistance. They seem to prevent depression and help with brain function. EPA seems to be especially important to help brains grown in childhood and to keep them strong in old age. The other major category of PUFA is omega-6 fatty acids. We need them, too, and in close to equal amounts with omega 3s. Both types help the body make hormones that tend to balance each other out. For example, omega-6-derived hormones may start inflammation the body uses to fight infection. Omega-3-derived hormones stop inflammation when the fight is over. The problem is the modern food environment. According to an article in Nutrition Journal, A healthy diet should consist of roughly one to four times more omega-6 fatty acids than omega-3 fatty acids. The typical American diet tends to contain 11 to 30 times more omega-6 than omega-3. Grain-fed meat and pr Continue reading >>
Side Effects Of Fish Oil In Diabetes
Fish oil, a supplement rich in omega-3 fatty acids frequently touted for its protective effects on the heart, isn't right for everyone. In fact, fish oil may cause negative side effects particularly when used by people with diabetes -- a condition characterized by unusually high blood sugar levels. If you have diabetes, be sure to talk with your primary care provider before beginning treatment with fish oil supplements. Video of the Day Elevated Blood Sugar The omega-3 fatty acids present in fish oil may raise your blood sugar level. An increase in blood sugar levels can be particularly harmful for people who already have diabetes. If your diabetes is controlled by medication, you may begin to experience diabetes symptoms again while taking fish oil supplements. Such symptoms include increased urination and thirst, sudden weight loss, fatigue and blurred vision. Seek prompt care from your doctor if you develop any of these symptoms, especially if you have already been diagnosed with diabetes. Uncontrolled blood sugar levels may cause severe and permanent kidney and nerve damage. Diabetes Drug Interaction Always discuss all medications you are currently taking with your primary medical provider before beginning treatment with dietary or herbal supplements, including fish oil. The blood sugar raising effects of fish oil may reduce the efficacy of any diabetes medications you are currently taking, including glipizide, metformin, glyburide or insulin, the University of Maryland Medical Center warns. Consequently, your doctor may need to increase the amount of diabetes medication you take each day to counteract the blood sugar effects of fish oil. People with diabetes may also experience side effects that are common among most people during treatment with fish oil supplement Continue reading >>
The Role Of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation In The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review
The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review Author links open overlay panel C.Itsiopoulosa T2DM is a significant health burden with multiple associated comorbidities. There are limited clinical data supporting omega-3 PUFA supplement use in T2DM. There is consistent evidence for omega-3 PUFA in reducing elevated triglycerides. Issues with omega-3 PUFA supplement use include safety, dose, and contraindications. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant health and financial burden to individuals and healthcare systems. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) possess numerous properties (e.g. anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-lipidemic) that may be beneficial in the management of T2DM and its complications. In this narrative review, we discuss the potential mechanisms, clinical evidence-base, and practical considerations regarding the use of omega-3 PUFA supplementation for the management of glycaemic control and common comorbid conditions, including diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, liver disease, cognition and mental health, and cardiometabolic disease. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation is generally well-tolerated and does not appear to be contraindicated for patients on anticoagulant therapy; however, uncertainty persists regarding the purity and stability of commercial omega-3 PUFA products. Despite promising animal studies, the current clinical evidence for the use of omega-3 supplementation for the management of T2DM and associated conditions is both limited and conflicting. Results from existing clinical trials do not support the use of omega-3 PUFA for glycaemic control and there are limited studies in T2DM populations to support the use of omega-3 PUFAs for ass Continue reading >>
Effects Of Fish Oil Supplementation On Glucose And Lipid Metabolism In Niddm
Fish oils, containing omega-3 fatty acids (ω3FAs), favorably influence plasma lipoproteins in nondiabetic humans and prevent the development of insulin resistance induced by fat feeding in rats. We studied the effects of fish oils in 10 subjects (aged 42–65 yr) with mild non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Subjects were fed a standard diabetic diet plus 1) no supplementation (baseline), 2) 10 g fish oil concentrate (30% ω3FAs) daily, and 3) 10 g safflower oil daily over separate 3-wk periods, the latter two supplements being given in radom order by use of a double-blind crossover design. At the end of each diet period, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, and lipids were measured, and insulin sensitivity was assessed with a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp performed with [3-3H]glucose. FBG increased 14% during fish oil and 11% during safflower oil supplementation compared with baseline (P < .05), whereas body weight, fasting serum insulin levels, and insulin sensitivity were unchanged. The absolute increase in FBG during each supplementation period correlated with the baseline FBG (fish oil, r = .83, P < .005; safflower oil, r = .75, P = .012). Fasting plasma triglyceride levels decreased during fish oil supplementation in the 4 subjects with baseline hypertriglyceridemia (>2 mM) but were not significantly reduced overall. There was no significant change in fasting plasma total, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In summary, dietary fish oil supplementation adversely affected glycemic control in NIDDM subjects without producing significant beneficial effects on plasma lipids. The effect of safflower oil supplementation was not significantly different from fish oil, suggesting that the negative effects on glucose Continue reading >>
5 Excellent Benefits Of Fish Oil For Type 2 Diabetes
Derived from the fatty tissues of certain oily fish, fish oil contains the essential omega-3 fatty acids – eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA). These fatty acids are well known to be essential to human health, and they have some particularly great benefits for those with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. Research surrounding fish oil is extremely promising – from protective effects against coronary heart disease, Alzheimer’s and cancer, to aiding in diabetes management. Among the many benefits of omega-3s, the one that stands out the most is their ability to help fight inflammation in the body. Being that diabetes is partly an inflammatory condition, you will soon find out how it helps improve various outcomes for you. DISCLAIMER Please note that this information is not an endorsement for fish oil. We are simply sharing the research surrounding it. You should always discuss supplementation with your doctor. How fish oil works As already mentioned, fish oil provides a mighty dose of omega-3 fatty acids. And one of the main functions of omega-3 fatty acids is their ability to reduce inflammation. Inflammation is a complex process that occurs on a cellular level in your body. As a result of different stimulus, inflammatory cells are triggered in a long series of chemical reactions. These reactions involve critical immune cells that either increase or decrease the inflammation that is occuring in our bodies. In fact, inflammation is controlled in our bodies through a balance in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules. And this is where omega-3 fish oil lends a helping hand. Omega-3 fatty acids work by up-regulating (increasing) the expression (release) of the anti-inflammatory molecules. As a result this reduces inflammation in your body, Continue reading >>
Effects Of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation On Diabetic Nephropathy Progression In Patients With Diabetes And Hypertriglyceridemia
Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Diabetic Nephropathy Progression in Patients with Diabetes and Hypertriglyceridemia 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 5Graduate school, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 5Graduate school, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 3Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 5Graduate school, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 3Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 5Graduate school, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 3Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 5Graduate school, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 3Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 4Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Kor Continue reading >>
Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Insulin Resistance And Type 2 Diabetes
Omega-3 fatty acids, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes Leila Azadbakht ,1 Mohammad Hossein Rouhani ,2 and Pamela Jean Surkan 3 1-Associate Professor, Food Security Research Center, Department of Commiunity Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2-Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Find articles by Mohammad Hossein Rouhani 1-Associate Professor, Food Security Research Center, Department of Commiunity Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2-Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 3-Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA Corresponding Author: Leila Azadbakht, E-mail: [email protected] Received 2011 Sep 20; Accepted 2011 Oct 14. Copyright : Journal of Research in Medical Sciences This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. In a manuscript published in July of 2011, Saidpour et al. 1 reported beneficial effects of fish oil and olive oil on insulin resistance after an eight-week intervention in rats. Fish oil is a rich source of n-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). 2 There is evidence for the role of n-3 fatty acids in insulin resistance and diabetes, as other studies have shown similar e Continue reading >>
