Metformin Use During The First Trimester Of Pregnancy
Go to: First-trimester exposure The Motherisk Program recently conducted a retrospective cohort study on pregnancy outcome among women with PCOS15 and a meta-analysis of all published studies with data on pregnancy outcomes with respect to major malformations.16 In the retrospective cohort study, 72 PCOS patients exposed to metformin were compared with 48 PCOS patients who conceived without metformin in five different fertility clinics. The prevalence of major malformations was similar in the two groups. The metformin group had a higher prevalence of multiple pregnancies and prematurity. Prematurity is a substantial confounder of concomitant use of other fertility drugs.15 Results of the meta-analysis are encouraging. In the five studies included in the statistical analysis, there was no increase in the rate of major malformations, and in fact, metformin might actually have a protective effect in women with PCOS. In the treated group, there were three malformations among 172 babies (1.7%); in the control group, there were 17 malformations among 235 babies (7.2%). The odds ratio was 0.50 in favour of treatment.16 In summary, no evidence currently in the literature shows that use of metformin in women with PCOS is associated with increased risk of malformations. Most of the studies applicable to PCOS restricted exposure to the first trimester, ie, metformin was discontinued as soon as pregnancy was diagnosed. Evidence beyond the first trimester is anecdotal at this point. Large well-controlled studies of humans are needed. For women with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, insulin is still considered the treatment of choice during pregnancy, although glyburide has been shown not to cross the human placenta.17,18 Motherisk questions are prepared by the Motherisk Tea Continue reading >>
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Fertility Treatment With Metformin (glucophage)
How Metformin Is Used for Polycystic Ovaries Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common cause of anovulation and infertility in women. These women do not ovulate (release eggs) regularly and therefore have irregular menstrual periods. The ovaries have many small cysts (2-7 mm diameter) called antral follicles, giving the ovaries a characteristic "polycystic" (many cysts) appearance on ultrasound. A relatively new method of treating ovulation problems in women with polycystic ovarian disease is to use an oral medication called metformin (brand name is Glucophage). Metformin has traditionally been used as an oral drug to help control diabetes. Then, some smart doctor figured out that polycystic ovarian syndrome treatment with metformin can be very effective. If Glucophage alone does not result in ovulation and pregnancy, we often use: If the combination therapy is not effective, we can try: Metformin Use with IVF Treatment We also use Glucophage in women going through in vitro fertilization for PCOS, and for those with very high antral follicle counts - if their ovaries are "polycystic" by ultrasound. We find that some women with polycystic ovaries respond with a "smoother" response to the injectable FSH medication if they have been taking Glucophage. Risks and Side Effects of Metformin / Glucophage In about 25% of women Glucophage causes side effects which may include abdominal discomfort, cramping, diarrhea and nausea. The side effects may be severe enough to make the woman stop the Glucophage medication. We are not aware of any serious complications resulting from Glucophage treatment. Another oral medication used for diabetes called Troglitazone has been associated with liver failure and death in rare cases. This has been publicized on television shows, in newspapers, et Continue reading >>
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Metformin Use During Pregnancy
A 31-year-old woman with polycystic ovarian syndrome and metabolic syndrome has been treated with metformin 500 mg twice daily until now; she is in the 8th week of her first pregnancy. Would it be recommended that she continue taking metformin throughout pregnancy or discontinue? What is the risk of the fetal damage caused by metformin? What is the risk of pregnancy loss caused by insulin resistance? Response from Peter S. Bernstein, MD, MPH, FACOG and Esther Schmuel, MD Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) occurs in 5% to 7% of reproductive-age women and is diagnosed if at least 2 of the following criteria are present: (1) oligo-ovulation or anovulation (often appearing as oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea), (2) elevated levels of androgens (total or free testosterone, androstendione), (3) clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism (acne, hirsutism, male-pattern baldness), and (4) polycystic appearance of ovaries on ultrasound. Approximately 30% to 40% of women with PCOS have impaired glucose tolerance, and as many as 10% will develop diabetes by the fourth decade. Women with PCOS are also more insulin resistant than similar age- and weight-matched controls.[ 1 , 2 ] Metformin is an oral biguanide that is approved for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Metformin acts primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose production, as well as by decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose and increasing peripheral uptake and utilization of glucose. In patients with PCOS, it reduces fasting insulin, basal and stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, and free testosterone concentrations.[ 3 ] The role of metformin in ovulation induction is well established, and several studies have demonstrated that women with PCOS are more likely to ovulate with metformin than with placeb Continue reading >>
Effects Of Metformin Use In Pregnant Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Go to: REVIEW OF LITERATURE In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind study, done on 257 pregnant women with PCOS, aged 18 - 42 years, who either received metformin or placebo from first trimester to delivery, failed to demonstrate any reduction of pregnancy-related complications, such as gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia and pre-term delivery in the metformin group.[7] On the contrary, a prospective study done on 98 pregnant women with PCOS who received metformin (1700 – 3000 mg/day) before conception and up to 37 weeks of pregnancy vs. 110 normal pregnant controls, showed a significant reduction of pregnancy complications, such as gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension but an insignificant decrease in pre-eclampsia incidence with comparable mean neonatal Apgar scores, weight and length between the 2 groups.[8] Metformin has been shown to have encouraging effects on several metabolic aspects of polycystic ovarian syndrome, such as insulin sensitivity, plasma glucose concentration, and lipid profile and since women with PCOS are more likely than healthy women to suffer from pregnancy-related problems like early pregnancy loss, gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive states in pregnancy, the use of metformin therapy in these patients throughout pregnancy may have beneficial effects on early pregnancy loss and development of gestational diabetes. However, there is little evidence of its beneficial effect on hypertensive complications in pregnancy.[9] In a 3-year case controlled study, conducted on 197 pregnant women with PCOS (confirmed by Rotterdam criteria), in which cases comprised of women who continued metformin throughout pregnancy while controls were women who stopped metformin after the first trimester, it was concluded that in compar Continue reading >>
Metformin Hydrochloride Extended Release
About this medication Metformin Hydrochloride Extended Release is the name of the medication. It comes in the form of a tablet, and should be taken by mouth. It belongs to a class of medications called Biguanide. Why is this medication prescribed This medication is used to treat type-2 diabetes and pre-diabetes conditions. Normally, when you eat food, the body breaks down all of the sugars and starches into a sugar called glucose. This is the basic fuel for the cells in the body. The body needs Insulin to be able to use this sugar for energy. Insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. This causes glucose to build up in the blood instead of going into cells. It can lead to serious diabetes complications. How does it work Metformin Hydrochloride belongs to a group of medications called Biguanides. They work by decreasing the amount of sugar produced by the liver and increasing the amount of sugar absorbed by muscle cells. As a result you get more sugar in the cells and less is in the blood. How to use it This medication comes as a tablet. You should put it in your mouth and swallow it with a glass of water. Do not chew, break or crush it. Swallow it whole. What to do if you are pregnant Tell your physician if you become pregnant. There are not enough studies about this medication in pregnant women. Use the medication during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Continue reading >>
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Metformin And Pregnancy: Is This Drug Safe?
Whether you're expecting your first child or expanding your family, a safe and healthy pregnancy is crucial. This is why you take precautions before and during pregnancy to keep your unborn child healthy and reduce the risk of birth defects. In every pregnancy, there’s a 3 to 5 percent risk of having a baby with a birth defect, according to the Organization of Teratology Information Specialist (OTIS). Some birth defects can’t be prevented. But you can lower your child’s risk by taking prenatal vitamins, maintaining a healthy weight, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Your doctor might recommend that you don’t take certain medications while pregnant. This is because certain medications can cause birth defects. If you're taking the prescription drug metformin, you might have concerns about how the drug will affect your pregnancy and the health of your unborn child. What Is Metformin? Metformin is an oral medication used to treat type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Type 2 diabetes is a condition that increases blood sugar levels. PCOS is an endocrine disorder that occurs in women of reproductive age. It’s important to maintain a healthy blood sugar level while pregnant. This is one way to reduce the risk of birth defects and complications. Although metformin can control blood sugar, you may question whether this drug is safe to take during pregnancy. Before we get into this, let’s discuss how metformin is beneficial prior to pregnancy. Metformin Before Conception If you took metformin before getting pregnant, you might know that this drug can be a godsend — especially if you’ve had difficulty conceiving. Having PCOS makes it harder to become pregnant. This condition can cause missed or irregular periods, and small cysts can grow on your Continue reading >>
A Ci= Confidence Interval B Extended-release Metformin Was Clinically Similar To Immediate-release Metformin Based On The Pre-defined
Page 1 of 22 Metformin Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets 500 mg and 1000 mg Rx only DESCRIPTION Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets contain an oral antihyperglycemic drug used in the management of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride (N, N- dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide hydrochloride) is a member of the biguanide class of oral antihyperglycemics and is not chemically or pharmacologically related to any other class of oral antihyperglycemic agents. The empirical formula of metformin hydrochloride is C4H11N5•HCl and its molecular weight is 165.63. Its structural formula is: Metformin hydrochloride is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is freely soluble in water and is practically insoluble in acetone, ether, and chloroform. The pKa of metformin is 12.4. The pH of a 1% aqueous solution of metformin hydrochloride is 6.68. Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets are designed for once-a-day oral administration and deliver 500 mg or 1000 mg of metformin hydrochloride. In addition to the active ingredient metformin hydrochloride, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: ammonio methacrylate copolymer type A, ammonio methacrylate copolymer type B, colloidal silicone dioxide, crospovidone, dibutyl sebacate, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose and povidone. USP dissolution test for metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablet is pending. SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND PERFORMANCE Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablet is designed for once-a-day oral administration using the swellable matrix coated with a permeable membrane technology. The tablet is similar in appearance to other film-coated oral administered tablets but it consists of a swellable active core formulation that is coated Continue reading >>
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Metformin: Uses, Action, Dosage, Side Effect And Brand Information
What is metformin used for? Controlling blood sugar levels in adults, adolescents and children aged 10 years and over with type 2 diabetes. Metformin is used when diet alone has failed to fully control blood sugar. It may be used on its own, in combination with other oral antidiabetic medicines, or with insulin. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This is an off-licence use of metformin, so you won't find it mentioned in the information leaflets that come with the medicine. However, metformin is a widely used and established treatment option for this condition. How does metformin work? In type 2 diabetes the cells in the body, particularly muscle, fat and liver cells, become resistant to the action of insulin. Insulin is the main hormone responsible for controlling the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood. It makes cells in the body remove sugar from the blood. When the cells are resistant to insulin this makes blood sugar levels rise too high. Metformin hydrochloride is a type of antidiabetic medicine called a biguanide. It works in a number of ways to lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Firstly, it increases the sensitivity of muscle cells to insulin. This enables these cells to remove sugar from the blood more effectively. Secondly, it reduces the amount of sugar produced by cells in the liver. Finally, it delays the absorption of sugar from the intestines into the bloodstream after eating so that there is less of a spike in blood sugar levels after meals. Metformin is taken regularly every day to help control blood sugar levels both between and directly after meals. In polycystic ovary syndrome or PCOS many women have high insulin levels, and as a result their cells become resistant to the action of insulin. The high insulin levels also cause an Continue reading >>
Can Metformin Help Women With Pcos?
Home / Fertility / Boosting Fertility We asked doctors whether the drug Metformin really helps women with PCOS conceive, reduce miscarriage risk and increase milk supply. Here's what they say. If you have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), you're not alone. According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information , this hormonal disorder affects between 5 percent and 15 percent of women of reproductive age in this country. In polycystic ovary syndrome, cysts develop on the ovaries, and the body produces excess hormones called androgens, which cause an irregular menstrual cycle. As a result, ovulation can be unpredictable, and getting pregnant can be challenging. "Since puberty, I've averaged one menstrual cycle per year," says Carrie, a mother from the Midwest who has PCOS. "I always wondered if I could have children." Carrie tried getting pregnant for several months, but wasn't able to because she wasn't ovulating. After evaluating her bloodwork, her OB/GYN suggested she go on either Clomid or Metformin to help balance her hormones to promote ovulation. "Because I had a very slight imbalance in my hormones, my doctor suggested trying Metformin before going straight to Clomid. Since I heard horror stories about Clomid causing multiples, I was happy to try Metformin first," Carrie says. Metformin is a diabetes medication that is sometimes used to regulate hormones in women with PCOS by balancing their insulin level. This effect leads to more regular menstruation and ovulation cycles , according to WebMD . Carrie got pregnant the first month she took Metformin. But not all women with polycystic ovary syndrome have such good results. In fact, experts say more evidence is needed to prove that Metformin helps conception in PCOS patients . "When putting all the data tog Continue reading >>
Have Pcos Or Diabetes? Is Metformin (glucophage) Your Best Choice?
Should you take metformin -- nor not? Is there a better alternative? This page will answer your questions. It's an anti-diabetic drug sometimes used to treat PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome), although it is used chiefly to help control Type 2 diabetes. This drug offers both benefits and significant risks. Free PCOS Newsletter The FDA has approved it only for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Because of this limitation, some physicians don't have much clinical experience using Glucophage to treat PCOS and don't always feel comfortable using it unless you have diabetes. 13 Side Effects of Metformin Your Doctor Didn't Tell You About Did you know that metformin has at least 13 under-recognized side effects? Some of them can be serious. Read more about the side effects. Can't Tolerate It? Try This! Medical research is now showing that there are natural alternatives to this and other drugs for treating PCOS, diabetes or metabolic syndrome. So if you're uncomfortable with the idea of taking Glucophage for years to come, or you've tried it but can't tolerate its side effects, take a look at the natural alternatives that are just as effective as metformin. Does It Reduce PCOS Symptoms? Some medical guidelines say it is not the first thing you should try for controlling PCOS. However, it may be helpful IF you have insulin resistance. Read more... Take Supplemental Vitamin B12! Recent research is showing that you will develop a vitamin B12 deficiency if you take this drug for over a year or so. A deficiency in vitamin B12 could have undesirable consequences if for fetal development if you're pregnancy or trying to become pregnant. Read more... Is It Appropriate for Girls? As girls and teenagers start to have trouble with their weight, irregular periods, early appearance of public Continue reading >>
Metformin Overview
Metformin is a prescription medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. Metformin belongs to a group of drugs called biguanides, which work by helping your body respond better to the insulin it makes naturally, decreasing the amount of sugar your liver makes, and decreasing the amount of sugar your intestines absorb. This medication comes in tablet, extended-release tablet, and liquid forms. It is taken up to 3 times daily, depending on which form you are taking. Swallow extended-release tablets whole. Common side effects of metformin include diarrhea, nausea, and upset stomach. Metformin is a prescription medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. This medication may be prescribed for other uses. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information. Metformin may be found in some form under the following brand names: Serious side effects have been reported including: Lactic Acidosis. In rare cases, metformin can cause a serious side effect called lactic acidosis. This is caused by a buildup of lactic acid in your blood. This build-up can cause serious damage. Lactic acidosis caused by metformin is rare and has occurred mostly in people whose kidneys were not working normally. Lactic acidosis has been reported in about one in 33,000 patients taking metformin over the course of a year. Although rare, if lactic acidosis does occur, it can be fatal in up to half the people who develop it. It is also important for your liver to be working normally when you take metformin. Your liver helps remove lactic acid from your blood. Make sure you tell your doctor before you use metformin if you have kidney or liver problems. You should also stop using metformin and call your doctor right away if you have signs of lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis is a medical emergency that must be treate Continue reading >>
Obimet 500 Mg Tablet Sr
Prescription vs.OTC: Prescription by Doctor required Obimet 500 MG Tablet SR is a drug that helps maintain balanced blood sugar levels in the body. It is used to treat Type 2 diabetes, heart disorders and polycystic ovary syndrome. Obimet 500 MG Tablet SR works by decreasing the amount of glucose produced by the liver. It suppresses the quantity of glucose that the liver releases in the body. Thus, it lowers the blood sugar levels in the body of a patient suffering from Type 2 diabetes. Obimet 500 MG Tablet SR also increases your sensitivity to insulin, enabling your body to absorb larger quantities of glucose. This drug is available in oral solution or even tablet form. Obimet 500 MG Tablet SR is an oral drug that is used to control and balance blood sugar levels. This medication is used in the treatment of conditions such as type 2 diabetes, obesity , cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and polycystic ovarian syndrome. If you do not manage the condition of diabetes , it can result in kidney failure , obesity and heart disorders. Therefore, Obimet 500 MG Tablet SR helps keep your blood sugar levels low and your diabetes in check. Obimet 500 MG Tablet SR does not increase the amount of insulin in the body; instead, it decreases the production of sugar. The liver of patients, who suffer from type 2 diabetes, produces thrice the amount of glucose and their bodies do not have the capacity to absorb these large amounts of glucose. Obimet 500 MG Tablet SR is effective in lowering the amount of glucose that the liver releases. It also decreases your appetite and increases your bodys sensitivity to insulin, thus, reducing the amount of glucose that is absorbed by your blood. An increased sensitivity to insulin also lowers your levels of cholesterol and helps you to lose wei Continue reading >>
Glyciphage 500 Mg Tablet Sr
Manufactured by: Franco Indian Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. Glyciphage 500 MG Tablet SR is an effective first choice medicine used to control high blood glucose levels in patients with type II diabetes. Patients are advised to maintain a strict exercise and diet regimen along with this medicine to get the best possible effect. It helps in minimizing the risk of diabetes-associated complications such as blindness, kidney damage, stroke and heart attack. Major & minor side effects for Glyciphage 500 MG Tablet SR Contact your doctor immediately if any of these symptoms are experienced on a regular basis. Observed in a small fraction of population. This is not an exhaustive list of side effects. Please inform your doctor if you experience any adverse reaction to the medication. Commonly asked questions for Glyciphage 500 MG Tablet SR The peak effect of this medicine can be observed within 1-3 hours of administration. The effect of this medicine lasts for an average duration of 4 to 8 hours. Consumption of alcohol is not recommended during treatment with this medicine due to the increased risk of severe adverse effects. No habit-forming tendencies were reported. This medicine is not recommended for use in pregnant women unless absolutely necessary. All the risks and benefits should be discussed with the doctor before taking this medicine. Your doctor may prescribe a safer alternative based on your clinical condition. This medicine is not recommended for use in breastfeeding women unless absolutely necessary. All the risks and benefits should be discussed with the doctor before taking this medicine. Your doctor may advise you to discontinue breastfeeding or to discontinue the drug based on your clinical condition. List of substitutes for Glyciphage 500 MG Tablet SR Below is the Continue reading >>
Glucophage Sr 500mg, 750mg And 1000mg Prolonged Release Tablets
Glucophage SR 500mg, 750mg and 1000mg prolonged release tablets This information is intended for use by health professionals Glucophage SR 500 mg prolonged release tablets Glucophage SR 750 mg prolonged release tablets Glucophage SR 1000 mg prolonged release tablets 2. Qualitative and quantitative composition 500 mg: One prolonged release tablet contains 500mg metformin hydrochloride corresponding to 390 mg metformin base. 750 mg: One prolonged release tablet contains 750 mg metformin hydrochloride corresponding to 585 mg metformin base. 1000 mg: One prolonged release tablet contains 1000 mg metformin hydrochloride corresponding to 780 mg metformin base. For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 500 mg: White to off-white, round, biconvex tablet, debossed on one side with '500'. 750 mg: White capsule-shaped, biconvex tablet, debossed on one side with '750' and on the other side with 'Merck'. 1000 mg: White to off-white capsule-shaped, biconvex tablet, debossed on one side with '1000' and on the other side with 'MERCK'. Reduction in the risk or delay of the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adult, overweight patients with IGT* and/or IFG*, and/or increased HbA1C who are: - at high risk for developing overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (see section 5.1) and - still progressing towards type 2 diabetes mellitus despite implementation of intensive lifestyle change for 3 to 6 months Treatment with Glucophage SR must be based on a risk score incorporating appropriate measures of glycaemic control and including evidence of high cardiovascular risk (see section 5.1). Lifestyle modifications should be continued when metformin is initiated, unless the patient is unable to do so because of medical reasons. *IGT: Impaired Glucose Tolerance; IFG: Impaired Fasting Glucose Trea Continue reading >>
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Metformin Extended-release Tablets
Generic Name: Metformin Extended-Release Tablets (met FOR min) Brand Name: Fortamet, Glucophage XR Warning Rarely, metformin may cause an acid health problem in the blood (lactic acidosis). The risk of lactic acidosis is higher in people with kidney problems and in people who take certain other drugs like topiramate. The risk is also higher in people with liver problems or heart failure, in older people (65 or older), or with alcohol use. If lactic acidosis happens, it can lead to other health problems and can be deadly. Lab tests to check the kidneys may be done while taking this medicine (metformin extended-release tablets). Talk with the doctor. Call your doctor right away if you have signs of too much lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis) like fast breathing, fast or slow heartbeat, a heartbeat that does not feel normal, very bad upset stomach or throwing up, feeling very sleepy, shortness of breath, feeling very tired or weak, very bad dizziness, feeling cold, or muscle pain or cramps. Do not take this medicine if you have a very bad infection, low oxygen, or a lot of fluid loss (dehydration). Talk with your doctor before you drink alcohol. If you are having an exam or test with contrast or have had one within the past 48 hours, talk with your doctor. Tell all of your health care providers that you take this medicine (metformin extended-release tablets). This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists. Uses of Metformin Extended-Release Tablets: It is used to lower blood sugar in patients with high blood sugar (diabetes). What do I need to tell my doctor BEFORE I take Metformin Extended-Release Tablets? If you have an allergy to metformin or any other part of this medicine. If you are allergic to any drugs like this one, any other drugs, foods, o Continue reading >>
