The Facts About Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.
Splenectomy is surgery to remove the spleen. Targeted therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells. Monoclonal antibody therapy is a type of targeted therapy used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Monoclonal antibody therapy is a cancer treatment that uses antibodies made in the laboratory from a single type of immune system cell. These antibodies can identify substances on cancer cells or normal substances in the body that may help cancer cells grow. The antibodies attach to the substances and kill the cancer cells, block their growth, or keep them from spreading. Monoclonal antibodies are given by infusion. They may be used alone or to carry drugs, toxins, or radioactive material directly to cancer cells. New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials. This summary section describes treatments that are being studied in clinical trials. It may not mention every new treatment being studied. Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant is a method of giving chemotherapy and replacing blood -forming cells destroyed by the cancer treatment. Stem cells (immature blood cells) are removed from the blood or bone marrow of the patient or a donor and are frozen and stored. After the chemotherapy is completed, the stored stem cells are thawed and given back to the patient through an infusion. These reinfused stem cells grow into (and restore) the bodys blood cells. Biologic therapy is a treatment that uses the patient's immune system to fight cancer. Substances made by the body or made in a laboratory are used to boost, direct, or restore the body's natural defenses against cancer. This type of cancer treatment is also called biotherapy or immunotherapy. Patients Continue reading >>
Other Diseases That Are More Common In People With Type 1 Diabetes
Other Diseases That Are More Common in People With Type 1 Diabetes KidsHealth / For Teens / Other Diseases That Are More Common in People With Type 1 Diabetes People with type 1 diabetes have a greater risk for other health problems. Like type 1 diabetes, these are often autoimmune disorders. Most teens with type 1 diabetes never need treatment for any other autoimmune disorder. But some do. So it can help to find out more about the diseases that can happen to people with type 1 diabetes. In autoimmune disorders, a person's immune system attacks the body's healthy tissues as though they were foreign invaders. If the attack is severe enough, it can affect how well that body part works. For example, type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that affects the pancreas. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas can't make insulin because the immune system attacks the pancreas and destroys the cells that make insulin. People with type 1 diabetes are also more likely to have other autoimmune problems. Doctors aren't exactly sure why autoimmune diseases happen, but a person's genes probably play a role. While other autoimmune disorders are linked to diabetes, they are not actually caused by the diabetes — they're just more likely to happen. Autoimmune diseases that people with type 1 diabetes are more likely to get include: Sometimes people develop one or more of these problems before they develop type 1 diabetes. And sometimes doctors discover these other autoimmune diseases around the same time they find out that a person has type 1 diabetes. In other people, the disorder may not develop until months or years after they've been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The thyroid is a gland that makes hormones that help control metabolism and growth. These hormones play a role in bone deve Continue reading >>
Type 2 Diabetes Linked To Increased Blood Cancer Risk
Follow all of ScienceDaily's latest research news and top science headlines ! Type 2 diabetes linked to increased blood cancer risk A new meta-analysis reveals patients with type 2 diabetes have a 20 percent increased risk of developing blood cancers. Patients with type 2 diabetes have a 20 percent increased risk of developing blood cancers, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia and myeloma, according to a new meta-analysis led by researchers at The Miriam Hospital. The findings, published online in the journal Blood, the journal of the American Society of Hematology, add to the growing evidence base linking diabetes and certain types of cancer. "I think when most people think about diabetes-related illnesses, they think of heart disease or kidney failure, but not necessarily cancer," said lead author Jorge Castillo, M.D., a hematologist/oncologist with The Miriam Hospital. "But when you consider that more than 19 million Americans have been diagnosed with diabetes -- not to mention the millions more who are either undiagnosed or will be diagnosed in the future -- a 20 percent increased risk of blood cancer is quite significant." While diabetes has been previously associated with other types of cancer, such as liver and pancreatic cancer, there have been few connections to blood cancers. Researchers are still unclear what causes the vast majority of these malignancies, which include cancers of the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes and affect more than 100,000 Americans each year. Castillo and colleagues analyzed 26 previously published research articles on the association between type 2 diabetes -- the most common form of the disease -- and the incidence of lymphoma, leukemia and myeloma. The meta-analysis included more than 17,000 cases of type 2 diabetes and blood Continue reading >>
Leukemia Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Types & Survival Rate
Leukemia is a malignancy (cancer) of blood cells. In leukemia, abnormal blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. Usually, leukemia involves the production of abnormal white blood cells -- the cells responsible for fighting infection. However, the abnormal cells in leukemia do not function in the same way as normal white blood cells. The leukemia cells continue to grow and divide, eventually crowding out the normal blood cells. The end result is that it becomes difficult for the body to fight infections, control bleeding, and transport oxygen. There are different types of leukemia, based upon how quickly the disease develops and the type of abnormal cells produced. Leukemia is called an acute leukemia if it develops rapidly. Large numbers of leukemia cells accumulate very quickly in the blood and bone marrow, leading to symptoms such as tiredness , easy bruising , and susceptibility to infections. Acute leukemia requires fast and aggressive treatment. There are around 62,000 new cases of leukemia each year in the U.S. and about 24,500 deaths due to leukemia. Leukemia makes up about 3.7% of all new cancer cases. Chronic leukemias develop slowly over time. These leukemias may not cause specific symptoms at the beginning of their course. If left untreated, the cells may eventually grow to high numbers, as in acute leukemias causing similar symptoms. Leukemias are further classified as myeloid or lymphoid, depending upon the type of white blood cell that makes up the leukemia cells. A basic understanding of the normal development of blood cells is needed to understand the different types of leukemia. Normal blood cells develop from stem cells that have the potential to become many cell types. Myeloid stem cells mature in the bone marrow and become immature white cells c Continue reading >>
Cancer Rates Higher In Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes
diabetes, a new Australian study shows. The researchers say that close follow-up, given right after a diabetes diagnosis, might partly explain the increased cancer risk seen. But these factors "do not explain increased risks 2 years following diabetes diagnosis, particularly for cancers of the pancreas, liver, kidney, and endometrium." Based on the findings, the researchers say, people with diabetes should get screened for cancer, which could help doctors treat cases early and lessen premature deaths due to cancer. The research is published online in the journal Diabetes Care. The study included 953,382 registrants from the National Diabetes Service Scheme (NDSS) in Australia: 80,676 with type 1 diabetes and 872,706 with type 2 diabetes, diagnosed between the years 1997 and 2008. The NDSS is one of the world's largest diabetes registries, and the data were linked to Australia’s National Death Index. This information was then linked to data from the Australian Cancer Database. Cancer rates in Australia's general population served as a comparison. Lead researcher Jessica Harding, of the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, says that with the aging population and increasing obesity, the number of new cases of cancer and diabetes are on the rise. Given that these increases are happening over the same time periods, she and her colleagues figured there must be a link between the two. The highest excess risks the researchers saw were for cancers of the pancreas, liver, endometrium, kidney, thyroid, and gallbladder, and for a cancer that affects blood cells and bone marrow called chronic myeloid leukemia. Also, she says, "given that insulin…may promote the growth of cancer cells, we wanted to explore whether type 1 patients -- treated with insulin -- had a h Continue reading >>
Diabetes & Leukemia Powerpoint
1. DIABETES &LEUKEMIABy Samantha Deno 2. Part 1: Diabetes Mellitus 3. Types of Diabetes•Type 1 Diabetes (Juvenile Diabetes)•Type 2 Diabetes (adult onset) 4. Type 1 Diabetes (A.K.A. Juvenile Diabetes)• An autoimmune disease in which a persons pancreas stops producing insulin• Sudden Onset• Presents in children & adults but mostly in children• Insulin Dependent 5. Signs & Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes• Extreme Thirst• Frequent urination• Drowsiness or lethargy• Increased appetite• Sudden weight loss• Sudden vision changes 6. Type 1 Diabetes Statistics• About 8.3% of the United States population (25.8 million) has diabetes• 7 million people are undiagnosed• In 2010, 1.9 million new cases of Diabetes were diagnosed in people ages 20 years old and older.• About 1 in every 400 children & teens have diabetes 7. Complications of Diabetes• Heart disease & Stroke• High Blood Pressure• Blindness• Kidney disease and/or kidney failure• Neuropathy• Amputation 8. Type 2 Diabetes (adult onset)• The most common form of diabetes• Either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin.• Persons 45 years of age or older are at highest risk 9. Signs & Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes• Increased thirst• Increased hunger• Dry mouth• Nausea and occasional vomiting• Frequent urination• Fatigue• Blurred vision• Numbness or tingling of the hands and/or feet• Sores that are slow to heal 10. Those who are at highest risk of Type 2 Diabetes are…• 45 years of age or older• Are obese or overweight• Have had Gestational Diabetes• Have family members who have Type 2 Diabetes• Have prediabetes• Are inactive• Have high blood pressure 11. Complications associated with Type 2 Diabetes• Retinopathy: Damage Continue reading >>
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Risk Of Childhood Leukemia Associated With Vaccination, Infection, And Medication Use In Childhood: The Cross-canada Childhood Leukemia Study
Current hypotheses consonant with the peak in leukemia incidence in early childhood point to an infectious etiology. The authors examined the effect of postnatal exposures predicted to affect early immune functioning, including childhood vaccinations, illness, medication use, and breastfeeding patterns. Children 015 years of age diagnosed with leukemia from 1990 to 1994 and resident within principal cities across Canada were eligible for inclusion. Through pediatric oncology centers and population-based cancer registries, 399 cases were ascertained at the time of diagnosis. For each participating case, an age-, gender-, and area-matched control was randomly selected from government health insurance rolls. Risk factor information was obtained through personal interviews with each child's parents or guardians. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios, with adjustment for potential confounders. Use of immunosuppressant medication by the index child led to a deficit of risk (odds ratio = 0.37, 95% confidence interval: 0.16, 0.84), while vitamin intake was positively associated with leukemia (odds ratio = 1.66, 95% confidence interval: 1.18, 2.33). Breastfeeding for more than 6 months was also protective (p < 0.05). Results persisted for cases diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and for children diagnosed at 15 years of age. These findings suggest a role for early immunologic challenge in the expression of childhood leukemia. breast feeding , case-control studies , infection , leukemia, lymphocytic, acute, L1 , risk factors , vaccination There have been recent advances in treatment and improvements in survival for childhood leukemia, yet its etiology remains largely unknown. The early incidence peak at ages 25 years points to disease mechani Continue reading >>
Mysterious Link Connects Diabetes And Cancer
Mysterious Link Connects Diabetes And Cancer Mysterious Link Connects Diabetes And Cancer Most people wouldn't think diabetes and cancer have anything to do with each other. But a group of experts from the American Cancer Society and the American Diabetes Association thinks they do. A consensus statement from that panel says there's accumulating evidence that people with diabetes are, in fact, more prone to certain cancers. The analysis is published in the latest CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. It turns out that diabetics are twice as likely to get cancer of the liver, pancreas and uterine lining. Their risk of colon, breast and bladder cancer is 20 to 50 percent higher than non-diabetics'. There doesn't seem to be any higher risk for others, such as lung cancer. And the risk of prostate cancer is actually lower among diabetics. Doctors have noticed since the 1950s that their diabetic patients seem to get cancer more often than usual. But it wasn't until last year that researchers pulled together data from various studies and found an association. Also last year, several epidemiology studies got a lot of attention when they suggested that a synthetic long-acting insulin called glargine seems to increase the risk of cancer. But that's still highly debatable. Other studies indicate that metformin , the most common drug for Type 2 diabetes, may actually reduce the risk of getting cancer or dying from it. And just how might diabetes increase the risk of cancer? On that point there's only speculation. Here are some possibilities: Shared risk factors: Both cancer and diabetes become more common as people age; gain weight; eat diets poor in fruits, vegetables and whole-grain cereals; or smoke. Men have higher risk of both diabetes and cancer. Off-kilter metabolism: Many Continue reading >>
My Life With Cancer & Diabetes
We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. This upcoming Sunday is National Cancer Survivors Day , a worldwide observance the first Sunday in June, dedicated to "showing the world that life after a cancer diagnosis can be meaningful and productive." We almost hate to mention it, but there is some question about a possible link between cancer and diabetes and there are many people out there dealing with both. There's no real proof that one causes the other, yet there are a lot of studies linking the two . Results suggest that anywhere from 8 to 18% of people with cancer also have diabetes. One recent study published in Diabetes Care showed that 16 out of every 100 men with diabetes and 17 out of every 100 women with diabetes said they had cancer, compared to just 7 out of 100 men and 10 out of 100 women without diabetes. So maybe there is some connection...? We're not pointing this out to scare anybody, but rather to pay homage to the folks who are dealing with both illnesses. Despite the stats cited, there's hardly any available literature on treating this combination. One of the few things we found was a 2006 Diabetes Spectrum article by Helen Psarakis, a diabetes nurse practitioner at Yale New Haven Hospital. She states that cancer patients who are on glucocorticoids a steroid used in short term, high-dose chemo treatments often suffer with high blood sugar. In fact, patients at risk for diabetes who begin taking glucocorticoids during cancer treatment are often quickly diagnosed with diabetes too. Insulin is recommended to treat steroid-induced blood sugar, as patients "may require two to three times their usual dose(s) of insulin." Woah. Helen points out a f Continue reading >>
Diabetologia Croatica 28-2, 1999
Key words: diabetes mellitus, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, comorbidity Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a form of leukemia that most frequently occurs in Western countries. Its prevalence in diabetic patients is unknown. In an 81-year-old male diabetic patient who presented with severe inguinoscrotal ulceration, the presence of CLL made the diagnosis of diabetes and its complications questionable and aggravated the course of infection. The development of diabetes in the patient could be attributed to corticosteroid therapy, however, the hyperglycemic effect of chemotherapy could not be excluded either. Chemotherapy could also cause renal function impairment and polyneuropathy. The synergistic suppressive effect of diabetes and CLL on the infection fighting white cells contributed to the higher risk of infection and aggravated its course. The high prevalence of diabetes and CLL comorbidity, further studies are needed to assess the effect of chemotherapy on the level of glucose and development of diabetic complications. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a very common form of leukemia, accounting for 30%-40% of all cases of leukemia in Western countries. Its incidence increases with age and longer life expectancy of the general population (1). The etiology is unknown, however, the genetic basis is highly likely. There is no relationship between CLL and exposure to radiation or cytotoxic agents (2). According to literature data, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with CLL has not yet been evaluated. In these patients, the development of diabetes is generally attributed to the hyperglycemic effect of corticosteroid therapy (3). There is no evidence that common chemotherapeutics such as chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, fludarabin and vincri Continue reading >>
How Does Having Diabetes Affect My Cancer Treatment?
More than 25 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with diabetes, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Among people 65 and older, nearly 27 percent have diabetes. The vast majority of diabetes cases are type 2 diabetes, which is associated largely with older age and being overweight as well as family history. Older age and obesity also are risk factors for developing cancer, which means that people with type 2 diabetes are diagnosed with cancer more often than those in the general population. Having diabetes can complicate cancer treatment due to a number of factors. At the same time, some treatments for cancer, including certain newer targeted therapy drugs, can spur the development of diabetes, especially in patients who already had a propensity toward developing the disease, although this effect is usually reversible. Azeez Farooki is a Memorial Sloan Kettering endocrinologist who specializes in treating cancer patients who also have diabetes. We spoke with Dr. Farooki about what special considerations are taken into account when treating this group of patients. A Disease of Blood Sugar “Diabetes is a disease in which a person has increased levels of glucose, or sugar, in the blood,” Dr. Farooki explains. “It can occur because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin — the hormone that allows glucose to be absorbed — or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. Cells should normally take in sugar from the blood; if they don’t, then high blood sugar or ‘hyperglycemia’ results.” The majority of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight, which often causes the body to become resistant to the effects of insulin. Type 2 disease may be treated with insulin injections, other hormonal inject Continue reading >>
Diabetes And Cancer
Tweet Studies have shown that diabetes carries an increased risk for a number of different forms of cancer. Having cancer with diabetes can make achieving good diabetes control much more difficult but this can be relieved to some extent. How is type 2 diabetes linked with cancer? One theory for why a link may exist is that high levels of circulating insulin (known as hyperinsulinemia) can promote the growth of tumours. In type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance commonly causes the body to produce more insulin than normal. Another reason why a link may be present is where a harmful lifestyle may lead to obesity and therefore higher risks of both type 2 diabetes and cancer. Cancer and type 2 diabetes The risks of contracting the following cancers are shown to be doubled by the presence of type 2 diabetes: Pancreatic cancer Endometrial cancer (also known as womb cancer) A smaller increased risk, of 20% to 50% is seen for the following forms of cancer. Colorectal cancer Bladder cancer Blood cancers (non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) The one positive is that incidences of prostate cancer are actually lower for people with type 2 diabetes. Cancer and type 1 diabetes Links between type 1 diabetes and cancer are not so well recorded but it appears there is also an increase in risk of cancers for people with type 1 diabetes. The cancers with the highest increase in risk tended to be different to those noted in type 2 diabetes. The cancers with increased risk in type 1 diabetes include: Stomach cancer Cervical cancer What are the symptoms of cancer? The symptoms of cancer vary widely depending on which part of the body the cancer strikes. What treatment options are open for cancer? The main treatment options for cancer are surgery to remove the cancers or radiotherapy (also known as radiatio Continue reading >>
Risks And Causes | Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia | Cancer Research Uk
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia isthe most common type of chronicleukaemia. Read about therisk factors and causes. How common is chronic lymphocytic leukaemia? Around 3,515 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia are diagnosed in the UK each year. CLL is by far the most common type of chronic (slowly developing) leukaemia. CLL is more common in people over 60 and is very rare in people under 40. Men are more likely to develop CLL than women. We don't know why that is. Although leukaemia is the most common type of childhood cancer, leukaemia in children is nearly always acute leukaemia eitheracute myeloid leukaemiaoracute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Chronic leukaemia is very rare in children. We don't know the cause of most cases of leukaemia but there are some risk factors that may increase your risk of developing chronic leukaemia. A risk factor is something that may make you more likely to develop a particular condition or disease. We know that there is some kind of inherited genetic change in some people who develop CLL. Studies show that people with a parent or sibling with CLL have a 6 to 9 times increased risk of developing it themselves. So far, we don't know of any specific gene changes that are linked to CLL. CLL is most common in Australia, the USA and Europe. It is very uncommon in people from China, Japan, or Southeast Asian countries. It is more common in white people than black people. The reasons for these differences are not known. Electromagnetic fields are often talked about as a possible risk factor for developing leukaemia. We are all exposed to electromagnetic radiation. No increase in the riskhas ever been found in adults who are exposed to the normal background levels people generally have in their own homes. An overview of published evidence has shown Continue reading >>
Why Does Diabetes Raise Cancer Risk?
More Questions Than Answers From Expert Panel on Diabetes, Cancer Link June 16, 2010 -- People with diabetes are at increased risk of certain cancers -- but why? Could it be that some diabetes treatments trigger or promote cancer ? Or do the underlying causes of diabetes also underlie cancer ? These are the questions put before an expert panel from the American Diabetes Association and the American Cancer Society (ACS). Even so, lifestyle changes that prevent or reverse diabetes will certainly cut cancer risk, says panel member Susan M. Gapstur, PhD, ACS vice president of epidemiology. "The full biologic link between diabetes and cancer has not been completely defined," Gapstur tells WebMD. "But first of all we should prevent diabetes. Then we can prevent some cancers. And for those who do have diabetes, it should be controlled as much as possible through a healthy lifestyle." Diabetes doubles the risk of liver , pancreas , and endometrial cancer . It increases the risk of colorectal, breast , and bladder cancer by 20% to 50%. But it cuts men's risk of prostate cancer . People with diabetes tend to have some known risk factors for cancer: older age, obesity , poor diet, and physical inactivity. And problems common in diabetes -- too-high insulin levels, too-high blood sugar levels , and inflammation -- increase cancer risk. "No matter what science ultimately reveals ... we already know what we need to do to lower risk for both cancer and diabetes," Alice Bender, RD, of the American Institute for Cancer Research, says in a news release. "Eat a healthy, varied, predominantly plant-based diet, be physically active every day, and maintain a healthy body weight ." Do Diabetes Treatments Raise Cancer Risk? There is evidence, but not definitive proof, that diabetes treatments Continue reading >>
Co-morbidity Between Early-onset Leukemia And Type 1 Diabetes Suggestive Of A Shared Viral Etiology?
Co-Morbidity between Early-Onset Leukemia and Type 1 Diabetes Suggestive of a Shared Viral Etiology? We are experimenting with display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC. The ePub format uses eBook readers, which have several "ease of reading" features already built in. The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. You may notice problems with the display of certain parts of an article in other eReaders. Generating an ePub file may take a long time, please be patient. Co-Morbidity between Early-Onset Leukemia and Type 1 Diabetes Suggestive of a Shared Viral Etiology? Kari Hemminki, Richard Houlston, [...], and Xiaochen Shu Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are common early-onset malignancies. Their causes are largely unknown but infectious etiology has been implicated. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease for which infectious triggers of disease onset have been sought and increasing pointing to enteroviruses. Based on our previous results on co-morbidity between leukemia and T1D, we updated the Swedish dataset and focused on early onset leukemias in patients who had been hospitalized for T1D, comparing to those not hospitalized for T1D. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for leukemia in 24,052 patients hospitalized for T1D covering years 1964 through 2008. T1D patients were included if hospitalized before age 21 years. Practically all Swedish children and adolescents with T1D are hospitalized at the start of insulin treatment. SIR for ALL was 8.30 (N = 18, 95% confidence interval 4.9113.14) when diagnosed at age 10 to 20 years after hospitalization for T1D and it was 3.51 (13, 1.866.02) before hospitalization for T1D. The SIR for ALL was 19.85 (N = 33, 13.7427.76) and that for AML was Continue reading >>
