Korean Red Ginseng (panax Ginseng) Improves Glucose And Insulin Regulation In Well-controlled, Type 2 Diabetes: Results Of A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study Of Efficacy And Safety
Abstract Background and aim To address the paucity of randomized clinical studies assessing ginseng on long-term outcomes in type 2 diabetes, we assessed the clinical antidiabetic efficacy and safety of 12 weeks of supplementation with a Korean red ginseng (KRG) preparation, dose, and mode of administration, selected from an acute, clinical, screening model. Methods and results Nineteen participants with well-controlled type 2 diabetes (sex: 11 M:8 F, age: 64 ± 2 years, BMI: 28.9 ± 1.4 kg/m2, HbA1c: 6.5%) completed the study. Using a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, each participant received the selected KRG preparation (rootlets) and placebo at the selected dose (2 g/meal = 6 g/day) and mode of administration (preprandial oral agent [−40 min]) for 12 weeks as an adjunct to their usual anti-diabetic therapy (diet and/or medications). Outcomes included measures of efficacy (HbA1c and fasting- and 75-g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]-plasma glucose [PG], plasma insulin [PI], and insulin sensitivity index [ISI] indices); safety (liver, kidney, haemostatic, and blood-pressure function); and compliance (returned capsules, diet-records, and body-weight). There was no change in the primary endpoint, HbA1c. The participants, however, remained well-controlled (HbA1c = 6.5%) throughout. The selected KRG treatment also decreased 75g-OGTT-PG indices by 8–11% and fasting-PI and 75g-OGTT-PI indices by 33–38% and increased fasting-ISI (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA]) and 75g-OGTT-ISI by 33%, compared with placebo (P < 0.05). Safety and compliance outcomes remained unchanged. Although clinical efficacy, as assessed by HbA1c, was not demonstrated, 12 weeks of supplementation with the selected KRG treatment maintained good glycemic control and improved PG and P Continue reading >>
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Black Ginseng Extract Counteracts Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes In Mice
Abstract Black ginseng, a new type of processed ginseng that has a unique ginsenoside profile, has been shown to display potent pharmacological activities in in vitro and in vivo models. Although red ginseng is considered beneficial for the prevention of diabetes, the relationship between black ginseng and diabetes is unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of black ginseng extract (BGE) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced insulin-deficient diabetic mice, in comparison with red ginseng extract (RGE). HPLC analyses showed that BGE has a different ginsenoside composition to RGE; BGE contains Rg5 and compound k as the major ginsenosides. BGE at 200 mg/kg reduced hyperglycemia, increased the insulin/glucose ratio and improved islet architecture and β-cell function in STZ-treated mice. The inhibition of β-cell apoptosis by BGE was associated with suppression of the cytokine—induced nuclear factor–κB—mediated signaling pathway in the pancreas. Moreover, these anti-diabetic effects of BGE were more potent than those of RGE. Collectively, our data indicate that BGE, in part by suppressing cytokine—induced apoptotic signaling, protects β-cells from oxidative injury and counteracts diabetes in mice. Figures Citation: Kim JH, Pan JH, Cho HT, Kim YJ (2016) Black Ginseng Extract Counteracts Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Mice. PLoS ONE 11(1): e0146843. Editor: Nigel Irwin, University of Ulster, UNITED KINGDOM Received: October 31, 2015; Accepted: December 22, 2015; Published: January 11, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Kim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original autho Continue reading >>
American Ginseng
Overview The name "ginseng" is used to refer to both American (Panax quinquefolius) and Asian or Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng), which belong to the genus Panax and have a somewhat similar chemical makeup. Both Asian and American ginseng contain ginsenosides, which are the substances thought to give ginseng its medicinal properties. But they contain different types in different amounts. Siberian ginseng, or Eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus), is an entirely different plant with different effects. It is distantly related to ginseng, but it does not contain the same active ingredients. Like Asian ginseng, American ginseng is a light tan, gnarled root that often looks like a human body with stringy shoots for arms and legs. Native Americans used the root as a stimulant and to treat headaches, fever, indigestion, and infertility. Ginseng remains one of the most popular herbs in the United States. Ginseng is sometimes called an "adaptogen," meaning it is an herb that helps the body deal with various kinds of stress, although there is no scientific evidence to prove the benefit of adaptogens. Most ginseng studies have used Panax ginseng (Asian ginseng). There is some evidence that Panax ginseng may: Help boost the immune system Reduce the risk of cancer Improve mental performance and well being Laboratory studies in animals have found that American ginseng is effective in boosting the immune system, and as an antioxidant. Other studies show that American ginseng might have therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases. Research on American ginseng has focused on a number of conditions, including the following. Diabetes Several human studies show that American ginseng lowered blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. The effect was seen both on fasting blood sug Continue reading >>
The Efficacy Of Red Ginseng In Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes In Animals
Copyright © 2013 Bin Na Hong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most modern chronic metabolic diseases in the world. Moreover, DM is one of the major causes of modern neurological diseases. In the present study, the therapeutic actions of Korean red ginseng were evaluated in type 1 and type 2 diabetic mouse models using auditory electrophysiological measurement. The comprehensive results from auditory brainstem response (ABR), auditory middle latency response (AMLR), and transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) demonstrate auditory functional damage caused by type 1 or 2 DM. Korean red ginseng improved the hearing threshold shift, delayed latencies and signal intensity decrease in type 2 diabetic mice. Type 1 diabetic mice showed a partial improvement in decreasing amplitude and signal intensity, not significantly. We suggest that the Korean red ginseng has a more potent efficacy in hearing loss in insulin resistance type 2 diabetes than in type 1 diabetes. 1. Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common modern chronic metabolic diseases in the world. Moreover, DM is a cause of modern chronic neurological disease. Recently, many studies have reported that hearing impairment could be caused by DM [1]. In our previous study, hearing impairment was found in streptozotocin (STZ-) induced diabetic mouse models as caused by type 1 diabetes. STZ-induced DM may impair the auditory pathway from the peripheral auditory nerve to the midbrain in mouse models [2]. Additionally, chronic hyperglycemia and obesity found in type 2 diab Continue reading >>
Lower Blood Sugar Levels Naturally With Ginseng - Diabetes Natural Remedies
Diabetes, Symptoms and Effects Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism that affects how the body uses glucose, the main type of sugar in the blood. Fasting plasma glucose levels of more than 126 mg/dl on two or more tests on different days indicate diabetes. Diabetes is generally classified into three main forms, referred to as type 1, type 2 or gestational diabetes. If you suffer from Type 2 diabetes then your body no longer produces enough insulin on demand to keep your blood glucose levels within their target range. If untreated, diabetes can lead to serious damage to the eyes, kidney, nerves, and blood vessels. Some Type 2 diabetes symptoms include: blurry vision, slow-healing sores or cuts, itchy skin, yeast infections, nausea, fatigue, unusual weight loss, excessive thirst, dry mouth, need to urinate, numbness in hands, legs or Feet. Fortunately, there are many herbal treatments for type 2 diabetes which are useful in lowering blood sugar levels naturally. Two species of ginseng are used in herbal remedies that can fight diabete. Ginseng components There are eleven distinct species of ginseng. Asian ginseng and American ginseng are two species useful in the treatment of type II diabetes. Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) is also known as Asiatic ginseng, Chinese ginseng or Korean ginseng. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) is also called Canadian Ginseng, five-fingers, five-leafed ginseng or redberry. Both American ginseng and Asian ginseng roots contain active agents called ginsenosides (or panaxosides), which are triterpene saponins. More than 20 ginsenosides have been isolated. Ginseng Properties and Diabetes There is some scientific evidence that both American ginseng and Asian ginseng roots possess hypoglycemic properties. A series of clinical trials and animal Continue reading >>
Keywords: Advanced Glycation End-products, Diabetic Nephropathy, Gs-e3d, Red Ginseng
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access GS-E3D, a new pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extract, inhibited diabetes-related renal dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats Chan-Sik Kim1, Kyuhyung Jo1, Jin Sook Kim1, Mi-Kyung Pyo2 and Junghyun Kim1,3* Abstract Background: GS-E3D is a newly developed pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of GS-E3D on diabetes-related renal dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Method: GS-E3D (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight per day) was administered for 6 weeks. The levels of blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c, and of urinary albumin, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) were determined. Kidney histopathology, renal accumulation of AGEs, and expression of α- smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were also examined. Results: Administration of GS-E3D for 6 weeks reduced urinary levels of albumin, 8-OHdG, and AGEs in diabetic rats. Mesangial expansion, renal accumulation of AGEs, and enhanced α-SMA expression were significantly inhibited by GS-E3D treatment. Oral administration of GS-E3D dose-dependently improved all symptoms of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting renal accumulation of AGEs and oxidative stress. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the use of GS-E3D as a food supplement may provide effective treatment of diabetes-induced renal dysfunction. Background Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most significant chronic complications of diabetes [1]. Hyperglycemia may enhance oxidative stress and inflammation in the renal tissues and lead to the development of kidney fail- ure [2]. The current treatment strategy for patients with diabetic nephropathy is to prevent or delay disease pro- g Continue reading >>
Korean Red Ginseng Improves Glucose Control In Subjects With Impaired Fasting Glucose, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Or Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Go to: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) supplementation on glucose control in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study was a 12-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled (5 g of KRG [n=21] or placebo [n=20] in tablet form) trial. Glucose-related biomarkers, including serum and whole blood levels of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide, were measured by 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. After the intervention, the test group showed a significant decrease in serum levels of glucose at 30 min (−22.24±10.77 mg/dL) and whole blood levels of glucose at 30 min (−17.52±5.22 mg/dL). In addition, the test group tended to have lower whole blood levels of glucose at 0 min and glucose area under curve (AUC). However, the placebo group did not show any changes in blood glucose-related indices. The changes (difference from baseline) in serum glucose levels at 30 min, whole blood glucose levels at 60 min, and glucose AUC during OGTTs in the test group exhibited a tendency toward a decrease from those in the placebo group. There were significant decreases or trends toward a decrease in both serum insulin and C-peptide concentrations at most time intervals in the test group. In conclusion, KRG supplementation (5 g/day) may be beneficial for controlling serum and whole blood glucose levels compared with placebo among patients with IFG, IGT, or T2DM. Key Words: : diabetes mellitus, glycemia, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin, Korean red ginseng Continue reading >>
Ginseng For Diabetes Control
Ads by Google Ginseng a magical herb trusted for over 5000 years for its ability to promote vigor, nourish the nervous system, enhances hormonal secretion, lower blood sugar & cholesterol, and increases immunity. Ginseng is a slow-growing perennial plant with fleshy roots of the genus Panax family Araliaceae. Ginseng is suitable for cooler climates, found in the Northern Hemisphere, in North America and eastern Asia (Korea, North China, and eastern Siberia). Ginseng is one of the most highly regarded medicinal plants gained the reputation of being able to promote health, general body vigor and prolong life. Ginseng can also be useful to treat diabetes and cholesterol. Ginseng lower sugar level The hypoglycemic activity of ginseng may be due to the enhancement of aerobic glycolysis through stimulation of beta-adrenoceptor and increase of various rate-limiting enzyme activities related to tricarboxylic acid cycle. Initial studies have shown that ginseng increases insulin production and reduces cell death in pancreatic beta cells. Also, ginseng can decrease blood glucose in type II diabetes patients. Ginseng lower heart diseases and strokes risks Ginseng decreases endothelial cell (line the inside of blood vessels) dysfunction; it means disturbance to these cells lead to a heart attack or stroke. Thus, ginseng can provide protection against heart attack or stroke. Ginseng possesses blood-thinning property. Therefore, should use blood-thinning medication under the supervision of your doctor. Ginseng is considering raising blood pressure in the beginning days of treatment. Thus you need to be extra careful when start taking this herb at least for first few days. 20 Medicinal Uses of Ginseng The ginseng root has many benefits as listed below. Lower blood sugar - Ginseng appea Continue reading >>
Korean Ginseng Drink For Diabetic Individuals
According to the World Health Organization, about 422 million people worldwide have diabetes. The people affected by diabetes are getting younger and younger as well, which is why one should be cautious of how much sugar is in his/her food. Unlike other tonic drinks, our Korean ginseng drink is sweetened with sugar substitutes. This means people afflicted with diabetes can drink it without worrying about a spike in their blood sugar levels. Korean Red Ginseng and Diabetes It’s well documented that Korean red ginseng can help normalize blood sugar levels. People with diabetes, among other reasons, drink Korean ginseng to help manage their sugar. But the benefits of Korean red ginseng for diabetic individuals go beyond lowered levels of insulin. This is because controlling sugar intake can also do wonders for weight management, leading to a healthier lifestyle. As mentioned, Root 9’s Korean ginseng drink is made with sugar substitutes such as Stevia and Erythritol. These sweeteners have the added benefit of containing no calories, making Korean ginseng drink an ideal everyday drink. Aside from normalizing blood sugar levels, the benefits of using sugar substitutes extend to dental health. For instance, one will not have to worry about the risks of getting dental cavities, provided of course that they follow good dental hygiene practices. As for weight management or getting fat which normally comes with consuming soft drinks, this won’t be a concern for people who drink our Korean ginseng drink every day. In fact, this is why natural flavors are blended in, to create a great taste that people will keep coming back to. Root 9 Korean Ginseng Drink Another added plus to our Korean ginseng drink is that they’re packed with vitamins and minerals, thanks to our use of pr Continue reading >>
Ginseng Reduces Insulin Resistance
Research out of China determines mechanism by which the medicinal herb may help improve glycemic control through activation of PPAR-γ pathway…. Currently diabetes mellitus affects almost 92 million people in China. Traditional Chinese medicine has used herbs medicinally for thousands of years and continues to do so today. Ginseng has been attributed to anti-diabetic properties and is commonly used by this culture in the prevention and treatment of the type 2 diabetes. Previous yet separate studies have found ginseng to significantly reduce insulin resistance and improve glucose control in both diabetic mice and obese mice. Panax ginseng berry extract in both 200mg and 400mg doses has been previously studied in humans leading to reductions in blood glucose. Steroid glycosides, known as ginsenosides, from Panax ginseng are believed to contribute to the anti-diabetic effects of the herb. What remains uncertain is the underlying mechanism by which ginseng reduces insulin resistance. From their research effort, Gao Y et al. now propose ginsenoside Re reduces insulin resistance through activation of PPAR-γ pathway and inhibition of TNF-α production. Researchers cultured murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes in order to determine the potential mechanism of action of the ginsenoside Re at the molecular level. The effect of ginsenoside was examined by measuring the concentrations level of triglycerides in the 3T3-L1 cells. By measuring 3H-2-deoxy-d-glucose levels, researchers were able to determine the amount of glucose uptake by the 3T3-L1 cells when stimulated by insulin in the presence of ginsenoside Re compared to control cells. Real time RT-PCR was used to analyze the effect of ginsenoside Re on the expression of genes for PPAR-γ, ap2, adiponectin, IRS-1 (Insulin receptor substrat Continue reading >>
Korean Red Ginseng For Erectile Dysfunction
Many men experience symptoms of erectile dysfunction (ED) as they age. Also known as impotence, ED is an occasional (or prolonged) inability to get or maintain an erection. When ED occurs frequently, you might need treatment for an underlying health issue. In this way, ED is important to address. Lifestyle changes, medications, and natural or alternative treatments can all help restore normal sexual function. Treating ED Erectile dysfunction can be caused by psychological problems. In many cases, there’s a physiological cause like diabetes, nerve damage, or heart disease. Lifestyle changes, such as losing weight, exercising, and giving up smoking and alcohol, can often help with ED. Lifestyle changes may not be enough to alleviate symptoms. Fortunately, medications are often effective. Medication injections that dilate blood vessels are another option. Certain herbal supplements, like ginseng, may also help. Make sure to talk to your doctor before taking any kind of supplement. Korean red ginseng is a plant that grows in Asia. It’s sometimes known as Asian ginseng, Chinese ginseng, or panax ginseng. Korean red ginseng should not be confused with Siberian ginseng or American ginseng. Siberian and American ginseng are different plants that serve different needs. The ginseng root is used as a natural remedy in supplement form. The plant must grow for five years before it’s used. This usually means that high-quality ginseng commands a high price. The dried but unprocessed root is called white ginseng. The root that has been steamed and dried is called red ginseng. Korean red ginseng has been used in traditional Chinese medicine as an overall wellness supplement for centuries. It has been used to: boost the immune system improve heart health treat diabetes increase ene Continue reading >>
Antidiabetic Effects Of Panax Ginseng Berry Extract And The Identification Of An Effective Component
We evaluated antihyperglycemic and anti-obese effects of Panax ginseng berry extract and its major constituent, ginsenoside Re, in obese diabetic C57BL/6J ob/ ob mice and their lean littermates. Animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of Panax ginseng berry extract for 12 days. On day 12, 150 mg/kg extract–treated ob/ob mice became normoglycemic (137 ± 6.7 mg/dl) and had significantly improved glucose tolerance. The overall glucose excursion during the 2-h intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test decreased by 46% (P < 0.01) compared with vehicle-treated ob/ob mice. The improvement in blood glucose levels in the extract-treated ob/ ob mice was associated with a significant reduction in serum insulin levels in fed and fasting mice. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study revealed a more than twofold increase in the rate of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in treated ob/ ob mice (112 ± 19.1 vs. 52 ± 11.8 μmol · kg−1 · min−1 for the vehicle group, P < 0.01). In addition, the extract-treated ob/ob mice lost a significant amount of weight (from 51.7 ± 1.9 g on day 0 to 45.7 ± 1.2 on day 12, P < 0.01 vs. vehicle-treated ob/ob mice), associated with a significant reduction in food intake (P < 0.05) and a very significant increase in energy expenditure (P < 0.01) and body temperature (P < 0.01). Treatment with the extract also significantly reduced plasma cholesterol levels in ob/ob mice. Additional studies demonstrated that ginsenoside Re plays a significant role in antihyperglycemic action. This antidiabetic effect of ginsenoside Re was not associated with body weight changes, suggesting that other constituents in the extract have distinct pharmacological mechanisms on energy metabolism. Diabetes is a major health problem, affecting ∼5% of the tota Continue reading >>
Siberian Ginseng Results In Beneficial Effects On Glucose Metabolism In Diabetes Type 2 Patients: A Double Blind Placebo-controlled Study In Comparison To Panax Ginseng
Although new antidiabetic agents are introduced, alternative medicine with natural compounds such as ginseng offer a potential benefit, as they have a wide margin of safety with no no side-effects. Following informed consent patients with type 2 diabetes (oral medication 80%, insulin therapy 20%) were randomly assigned to receive an extract of Siberian (480 mg/day; n = 27) American (Panax) ginseng (480 mg/day; n = 27), or a placebo preparation over a period of three months. Patients and physician were blinded as to the kind of ginseng being administered. Fasting (BZfast) and postprandial blood glucose level (BZpp), HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were determined each week and at the end of each month. In addition, the degree of peripheral neuropathy was evaluated by an electrical stimulus at 5 Hz determining threshold levels for feeling of sensation and pain at both lower extremities at start and after each month of treatment. Contrary to placebo and Panax ginseng, Siberian ginseng intake resulted in a highly significant decline (p < 0.001) of fasting blood sugar, and postprandial blood sugar level at the end of the three-month period. Also, Siberian ginseng lowered significantly (p < 0.001) HbA1c, TC and TG levels after the 12-week period. Patients taking Siberian ginseng demonstrated some recovery of sensory to an electrical stimulus. Since eleutherosides are only found in Siberian ginseng, they seem to contribute to the observed therapeutic effect, which may be due to their ability to blockade of P-glycoprotein, an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump, which is responsible for an increase in insulin resistance. Since Siberian ginseng induced no adverse side effects, its additional intake is able to fine-tune the pathological glucose metabolism, a Continue reading >>
Korean Red Ginseng Improved Blood Sugar Management In Type 2 Diabetics
Researchers reported in January 2014 that supplementation with Korean red ginseng improves blood sugar management in individuals with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. An estimated 25.8 million Americans have diabetes, with an additional 79 million with pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes is a condition in which individuals have blood glucose or hemoglobin A1C levels higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. The researchers randomly assigned 41 subjects with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus to receive five grams of Korean red ginseng daily or a placebo for 12 weeks. The investigators measured serum and whole blood glucose, insulin and C-peptide (marker of insulin synthesis) with a two-hour glucose tolerance test at the beginning of the study and again after the 12-week intervention. The investigators found that the Korean red ginseng group showed a significant decrease in serum and whole blood glucose at 30 minutes. Compared to the levels at the beginning of the study, the Korean red ginseng group tended toward a decrease in serum glucose levels at 30 minutes and whole blood glucose levels at 60 minutes compared to the placebo group. Additionally, the Korean red ginseng group showed decreased or decreasing trends toward lower serum insulin and C-peptide. The placebo group did not show any changes in blood glucose-related measures. The investigators stated, “In conclusion, Korean red ginseng supplementation (5 grams per day) may be beneficial for controlling serum and whole blood glucose levels compared with placebo among patients with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes.” Reference: Bang H, et al Continue reading >>
How Ginseng Works - Diabetes
Ginseng has been commonly used in Oriental medicine to treat diabetes-like conditions, and the earliest recorded reference for this purpose is in the Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu) by Dr Li in Ming Dynasty China (1368-1644). This is the most complete and comprehensive pre-modern herbal textbook. It is also recommended and used in North America for this purpose. There is a large body of scientific evidence on the beneficial effect of American ginseng for use in the management of diabetes and enhanced energy metabolism in the body in non-diabetic people. Much of this is from randomized placebo-controlled trials in people. There are numerous published scientific studies on American ginseng's mode of action in normalizing blood glucose. Although not fully understood, it appears to act in two ways. Firstly by improving sensitivity to insulin due to a sulfonylurea-like activity. This helps move glucose from the blood stream into the cells of the body where it is needed. Secondly, American ginseng has been found to increase the production of insulin by pancreatic B cells, and also reduce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in these cells. Research in the USA demonstrates that American ginseng root powder significantly (p < 0.05) reduces post-prandial glucose in people with Type-2 diabetes, and also improves glucose tolerance in non-diabetic people. The dose generally used was 1 to 3 grams, and increasing this dose did not appear to confer addition benefit. A 2003 review published in the US journal Diabetes Care examined all available clinical studies on herbal, vitamin and mineral supplements claimed to influence glycaemic control (that were published in English).108 trials were examined, and the quality of randomised placebo-controlled trials was assessed using Continue reading >>
