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Herbal Medicine For Diabetic Nephropathy

Herbal Medicine And Diabetic Kidney Disease

Herbal Medicine And Diabetic Kidney Disease

Herbal medicine and diabetic kidney disease We are experimenting with display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC. The ePub format uses eBook readers, which have several "ease of reading" features already built in. The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. You may notice problems with the display of certain parts of an article in other eReaders. Generating an ePub file may take a long time, please be patient. Herbal medicine and diabetic kidney disease Saeed Mardani, Hamid Nasri, [...], and Shabnam Hajian Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure worldwide, however current treatments remain suboptimal. Recently various plants have shown beneficial effects not only on kidney function in diabetes mellitus, but also on kidney toxicities induced by some drugs or toxins. The active substances recognized in these plants include polysaccharides, flavonoids, xanthones and peptides. Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure worldwide, however current treatments remain suboptimal. In fact, diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease affecting many of people ( 1 ). Persistent hyperglycemia can damage the kidneys and leads to retinopathy through various mechanisms. Diabetic kidney disease is also linked to increased cardiovascular mortality. Clinical evidences suggest that there is no curative or preventive treatment for nephropathy of diabetes. Hence, there is a need to find out reliable treatments to slow the progression of diabetic complications ( 1 , 2 ). Recently various plants have shown beneficial effects not only on kidney function in diabetes mellitus ( 1 , 2 ), but also on kidney toxicities induced by some drugs or tox Continue reading >>

Trends In Publication On Evidence-based Antioxidative Herbal Medicines In Management Of Diabetic Nephropathy

Trends In Publication On Evidence-based Antioxidative Herbal Medicines In Management Of Diabetic Nephropathy

Trends in publication on evidence-based antioxidative herbal medicines in management of diabetic nephropathy Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy - Tehran University of Medical Sciences Rasha Atlasi - Tehran University of Medical Sciences Bagher Larijani - Tehran University of Medical Sciences Mohammad Abdollahi - Tehran University of Medical Sciences BACKGROUND: Recently, popularity and use of herbal medicine in treatment of diabetes have been increased. Since, oxidative stress is known as the main underlying pathophysiology of diabetes and its complications, the purpose of this bibliometric study is to assess the global scientific production analysis and developing its trend in field of antioxidative hypoglycemic herbal medicines and diabetic nephropathy focusing on the scientific publication numbers, citations, geographical distribution in the world and determining the main journal (source) in the field. METHODS: Our search terms were "diabetes", "renal", "nephropathy", "herb", "Chinese medicine", "traditional medicine", and "antioxidant" from Scopus database until January 2015 and analysis of the distribution of words in the publication year, main journal (source) in the field, geographical distribution, documents' type and language, subject area, and h-index of citations were crried out. The Scopus analysis tools and VOSviewer software version 1.6.3 have been used for analysis. RESULTS: Within 1166 papers were published until year 2015, 78 studies were related to this topic in human. Increasing trend in number of related researches was shown. Fifty eight percent of the published papers were original articles, and the highest number was produced in 2013 with 21 documents. Top subject areas were medicine with global publication share of 71.8%, and pharmacology was ranked the seco Continue reading >>

How To Reverse Diabetic Nephropathy Naturally With Home Remedies & Diet

How To Reverse Diabetic Nephropathy Naturally With Home Remedies & Diet

How to Reverse Diabetic Nephropathy Naturally with Home Remedies & Diet Prolonged diabetes is a major cause of progressive loss of functional capacities of kidneys. High levels of glucose in the blood destroy the small blood vessels in the kidneys and subsequently they fail to carry out their work of blood filtration. This causes microalbuminuria i.e. presence of protein in the urine which progresses to cause proteinuria and eventually kidney failure takes place. Diabetic nephropathy is more common among African Americans, American Indians, and Hispanics/Latinos than Caucasians. > Read Testimonials of Successfully Reversing Kidney Disease Naturally at Home. Symptoms: In the initial stages of kidney disease it is asymptomatic but a person with diabetes should go for microalbumin test and estimated glomerular filtration rate analysis to reveal any problems with kidney functioning. Blood test would reveal the levels of creatinine accumulated. Severe kidney damage would show symptoms like fatigue; appetite loss; ill feeling; headache; nausea and vomiting; and edema of lower legs. Treatment of diabetic nephropathy involves intensive management of blood glucose levels to slower the progression of kidney disease. Blood glucose level is tested frequently; insulin is administered based on daily food consumption and physical activity; a restricted diet is followed and doctors are consulted regularly. In case of kidney failure dialysis or kidney transplantation is the mode of treatment. Natural therapies for diabetic nephropathy include: Anacardium occidentale: The extract of this herb works by lowering kidney damage induced by diabetes by virtue of its alkaloids, polyphenols and saponins. Kalmegh: The extract of this herb when consumed regularly reduces the severity of long term Continue reading >>

Herbal Drug May Reduce Proteinuria

Herbal Drug May Reduce Proteinuria

Adding the herbal preparation silymarin to a renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitor may decrease proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy , new findings suggest. Researchers studied 60 patients with type 2 diabetes and macroalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion greater than 300 mg/24 hours) despite treatment with the maximum dose of an RAS inhibitor for more than six months. All subjects had an estimated glomerular filtration rate above 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. The researchers, led by Mohammad Kazem Fallahzadeh, MD, of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Shiraz, Iran, randomly allocated patients to receive three 140 mg tablets of silymarin or three tables of placebo daily for three months. Compared with patients in the placebo arm, silymarin recipients experienced a significantly greater decrease in the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) from baseline to the end of the treatment period, according to an online report in the American Journal of Kidney Diseases. The UACR decreased by a mean of 566 mg/g in the silymarin recipients versus 219 mg/g in the placebo group. In addition, urinary levels of the inflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and urinary and serum levels of malondialdehyde (an oxidative stress marker) decreased significantly in the silymarin group compared with the placebo arm. The possible mechanisms underlying the observed efficacy of silymarin may be inhibition of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha and attenuation of oxidative stress. Except for gastrointestinal disturbances and headache in a few patients, the authors stated, silymarin was safe and without major adverse effects. Silymarin is a lipophilic extract that has potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties, the researchers noted, and it h Continue reading >>

Review Of Herbal Traditional Chinese Medicine For The Treatment Of Diabetic Nephropathy

Review Of Herbal Traditional Chinese Medicine For The Treatment Of Diabetic Nephropathy

Review of Herbal Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China Received 28 May 2015; Accepted 22 July 2015 Copyright 2016 Guang-dong Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most serious chronic complications of diabetes; 2040% of diabetic patients develop into end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, exact pathogenesis of DN is not fully clear and we have great difficulties in curing DN; poor treatment of DN led to high chances of mortality worldwide. A lot of western medicines such as ACEI and ARB have been demonstrated to protect renal function of DN but are not enough to delay or retard the progression of DN; therefore, exploring exact and feasible drug is current research hotspot in medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used to treat and control diabetes and its complications such as DN in a lot of scientific researches, which will give insights into the mechanism of DN, but they are not enough to reveal all the details. In this paper, we summarize the applications of herbal TCM preparations, single herbal TCM, and/or monomers from herbal TCM in the treatment of DN in the recent 10 years, depicting the renal protective effects and the corresponding mechanism, through which we shed light on the renal protective roles of TCM in DN with a particular focus on the molecular basis of the effect and provide a beneficial supplement to the drug therapy for DN. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a widely recognized microvascular com Continue reading >>

Diabetic Neuropathy Can Be Treated! 6 Natural Solutions

Diabetic Neuropathy Can Be Treated! 6 Natural Solutions

Neuropathy, or damage to the peripheral or autonomic nerves, is a common complication of diabetes. This not only causes losses in sensory and motor function, but can also lead to debilitating pain and even foot ulcers which may in turn lead to amputation. While conventional treatment is limited to good foot and nail hygiene, early detection of potential ulcers and strong painkillers such as antiepileptics and opioids, research has found that nutritional supplements are capable of even reversing nerve damage. 1. Treatment with Acetyl-l-Carnitine One of those nutritional supplements that can bring true relief to diabetic neuropathy is acetyl-l-carnitine. In a study involving 333 patients diagnosed with neuropathy, participants were injected with either 1000mg of carnitine or placebo for 10 days, and then given either 2000mg of the supplement or a placebo for the remaining 355 days. After 12 months, the treated patients showed a significant improvement in nerve conduction velocity, amplitude, and pain. The greatest changes in NCV were in the sensory sural nerve at +7 metres per second, the sensory ulnar nerve at +2.9m/second, and in the motor peroneal nerve at +2.7m/second on average. The greatest improvement in amplitude was also in the motor peroneal nerve at +2.2mV. Related: Halt Diabetes with these 8 Natural Foods 2. Using Vitamin B12 for Diabetic Neuropathy Additionally, mean pain scores were reduced from baseline by 39%. As this study was published in 2002, it’s surprising that the results aren’t common knowledge. Another study, this time comparing vitamin B12 injections to the drug nortriptyline in 50 patients, found that the vitamin injections were more effective than the drug. Pain scores dropped 3.66 points on the visual analogue scale as opposed to 0.84 poin Continue reading >>

Can Naturopathic Treatment Cure Diabetic Nephropathy?

Can Naturopathic Treatment Cure Diabetic Nephropathy?

Can naturopathic treatment cure diabetic nephropathy? My mother is a diabetic for almost 25 years. She has type-2 diabetes. In April 2015, she was diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy, a complication that manifests in long term diabetics. Besides eyes, kidneys are one of those organs which are worst hit by diabetes in long run. My mother has always abstained from foods which could aggravate her blood sugar levels. She had never sought domestic help for household chores because she knew that mild form of physical activity would help her condition. That is true indeed. The complications that come with diabetes can actually be delayed by leading a healthy lifestyle. Apart from that, diabetics should undergo complete medical checkup in every six months. This is important. Long before she was diagnosed with nephropathy she had been showing some symptoms such as swelling on her face and feet, increase in body weight despite no change in diet, feeling tired and lethargic all day long. These symptoms looked quite normal to us because they had occurred before. She would take some diuretic (medication used to increase urine flow) and swelling would go after sometime. But this time swelling was recurring. This happened during the period of Jan-Mar (2015). One day she fell ill for no apparent reason. Apart from fever, chronic swelling appeared gradually all over her body. She kept taking medicines to alleviate her fever and swelling but it was of little help. Recurring fever was a matter of worry to us and thats when she got her blood tested. The doctor had the intuition that the problem could be related to kidneys as he knew that my mother was a long term diabetic. Her blood report came as a shock to us. Her blood urea and creatinine were dangerously high. Creatinine was approx 7 Continue reading >>

Nephropathy | Kidney Disease | Natural Treatments

Nephropathy | Kidney Disease | Natural Treatments

Every day, your kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. Each kidney is made up of about a million filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron filters a small amount of blood. The nephron includes a filter, called the glomerulus, and a tubule. The nephrons work through a two-step process. The glomerulus lets fluid and waste products pass through it; however, it prevents blood cells and large molecules, mostly proteins, from passing. The filtered fluid then passes through the tubule, which sends needed minerals back to the bloodstream and removes wastes. The final product becomes urine, which drains down into collecting ducts to the ureter. Diabetic nephropathy occurs when proper blood glucose levels are not maintained, leading to excess inflammation and glucose in the bloodstream, clogging the small capillaries that feed into the kidneys. In addition, there is an excess amount of acid waste in the blood that further clogs these small capillaries. The accumulation of calcium (due to the extra insulin) and acid waste in the kidneys causes the formation of kidney stones and ultimately causes kidney cells to die. Because kidney cells cannot be regenerated or repaired, the remaining cells have to work that much harder to filter substances from the blood. To help with the filtering process, the heart increases the flow of blood plasma to the kidneys, which in turn elevates blood pressure. As the kidney cells continue to die, the risk of kidney failure increases dramatically. This eventually leads to one or both of the kidneys losing their ability to function properly, characterized by high protein levels in the urine (proteinuria). Alcohol, tobacco, conventional animal meat, and many of the Continue reading >>

The Selected Traditional Chinese Medicinal Formulas For Treating Diabetic Nephropathy: Perspective Of Modern Science

The Selected Traditional Chinese Medicinal Formulas For Treating Diabetic Nephropathy: Perspective Of Modern Science

Volume 3, Issue 3 , JulySeptember 2013, Pages 152-158 Author links open overlay panel Thing-FongTzeng Shorong-ShiiLiou I-MinLiu(Prof.) Open Access funded by Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University With the increasing patients and limited therapeutic options, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a long-term complication of diabetic mellitus. The precise mechanism of DN is not yet fully understood and the effective blockade of the progression of nephropathy remains a therapeutic challenge. Application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for diabetes and its related complications has received increasing attention due to its wide availability, low side effects, and proven therapeutic mechanisms and benefits. In the current review, we mainly focus on the recent laboratory studies of the TCM formulas including Wu-Ling-San (Poria Five Powder; W Lng Sn), Danggui-Buxue-Tang (Tangkuei and Astragalus Decoction; Dng Gu B Xu Tang), and Danggui-Shaoyao-San (Tangkuei and Paeonia Formula; Dng Gu Sho Yo Sn), conducted by the Committee on Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy at the Department of Health of Taiwan Government, in the amelioration of DN. These selected TCM formulas have anti-diabetic properties, with antihyperglycemic activity accompanied by amelioration of advanced glycation end productmediated renal damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. However, the renoprotective effects of the selected TCM formulas did not correlate with suppressing renal reninangiotensin system hyperactivity in diabetic rats. These TCM formulas also have the capacity to ameliorate the defective antioxidative defense system, leading to modulation of the oxidative stress, thereby resulting in downregulation of nuclear factor-B as well as transforming growth factor-1 and, consequently, a Continue reading >>

Cordyceps Militaris Treatment Preserves Renal Function In Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy Mice

Cordyceps Militaris Treatment Preserves Renal Function In Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy Mice

Cordyceps militaris Treatment Preserves Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy Mice Affiliations Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Affiliations Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Affiliation Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Affiliations Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Affiliations Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan Affiliations Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Affiliation Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Affiliation Cosmetic Clinic Group, Taipei, Taiwan Affiliations Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic Continue reading >>

Common Vitamins And Supplements To Treat Diabetic Nephropathy.aspx

Common Vitamins And Supplements To Treat Diabetic Nephropathy.aspx

Learn about User Reviews and read IMPORTANT information about user generated content Conditions of Use and Important Information: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you. This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version. Therapeutic Research Faculty 2009. Continue reading >>

Can Ayurveda Help In Diabetic Nephropathy?

Can Ayurveda Help In Diabetic Nephropathy?

Answered Nov 15, 2016 Author has 908 answers and 986.4k answer views Diabetes mellitus is a hormone related disorder due to deficiency of insulin hormone. The neural pathologies related to diabetes mellitus are known as Diabetic neuropathies. The common nerve related pathologies are third nerve palsy, diabetic amyotrophy, and autonomic neuropathy. THE NEUROPATHIES ARE A RESULT OF DAMAGE TO THE NERVES. THE DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES ARE A RESULT OF: Damage to nerves and blood vessels: The high sugar content in the blood can damage the soft nerve fibers. Hypertension induced damage to the optic nerve and other neurons HOW CAN AYURVEDA HELP PEOPLE SUFFERING FROM DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY? We in Ayurveda believe that the body is controlled by three different energies which are Vada, Pitta, and Kappha. These energies maintain the balance in our bodies and any imbalance in these energies may disorient the body system. Tribulus is a wonderful herb for strength and stamina. It helps improve the immunity which enhances the self esteem and self confidence in men. Tribulus herb for prostate health and power helps improve erectile dysfunction Punarnava is a wonderful Ayurvedic remedy with diuretic properties and increases the renal blood flow. It has astringent, bitter, anti-inflammatory and carminative properties. It is an excellent kidney and heart tonic. This medicine is useful in maintaining the health of the skin Answered Dec 25, 2015 Author has 192 answers and 126.5k answer views My mother is a diabetic for almost 25 years. She has type-2 diabetes. In April 2015, she was diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy, a complication that manifests in long term diabetics. Besides eyes, kidneys are one of those organs which are worst hit by diabetes in long run. My mother has always abstained from Continue reading >>

Can Ayurvedic Medicine Treat Diabetic Nephropathy

Can Ayurvedic Medicine Treat Diabetic Nephropathy

Can Ayurvedic Medicine Treat Diabetic Nephropathy Many patients with Diabetic Nephropathy or diabetic kidney disease have consulted about Ayurvedic Medicine. Ayurveda originated from India has been applied to help manage various diseases. However, can ayurvedic treatment help treat diabetes and kidney disease? Today, follow me to find the answer. As one oldest healing system, ayurvedic medicine focuses on prompting patients health rather than fighting against one specific disease. Diabetic Nephropathy is one kidney disease due to long-term diabetes. Compared with most primary kidney disease, Diabetic Nephropathy may cause some serious problems such as cardiovascular disease and diabetic eye disease. Since Diabetic Nephropathy is caused by diabetes and floated blood sugar, patients should control their condition beginning from modifying diet plan and lifestyle. From this point, ayurvedic treatment indeed can play an important role in curbing the progress of diabetic kidney disease if applied in the correct way. Additionally, herbs, plant-based oil, spices, breathing exercises, yoga, aromatherapy and some other methods used in ayurvedic treatment that can help achieve the following effects. 1. Control blood sugar and blood pressure It is reported that nearly all patients with Diabetic Nephropathy will have high blood pressure with the progress of their illness condition. Through correct diet and lifestyle changes, these patients can get some improvements. 2. Reduce the complications of Diabetic Nephropathy In clinic, Diabetic Nephropathy can cause many life-threatening complications. Although ayurvedic treatment cant prevent their occurrence completely, they indeed can do something to reduce them. 3. Boost patients immune system and regulate the internal environment With Continue reading >>

7 Natural Diabetic Neuropathy Treatments That Work

7 Natural Diabetic Neuropathy Treatments That Work

Diabetes itself is extremely common, affecting about one in every three adults in the U.S., and diabetic neuropathy is one of the most likely complications to develop as a side effect because high blood sugar levels affect nerve fibers throughout the body. Neuropathy is a pathological condition that encompasses more than 100 different forms and manifestations of nerve damage, both in people with diabetes and those without. (1) Diabetic neuropathy (also sometimes called peripheral neuropathy) is the term for nerve damage caused by diabetes, a chronic condition that occurs when the body doesn’t use the hormone insulin properly. Neuropathy can form anywhere but is most likely to affect nerves running through the limbs, hands and feet. Not every person with diabetes symptoms develops complications such as neuropathy, but many do. In fact, up to 60 percent to 70 percent of all diabetics experience some form of neuropathy. For some people, only mild symptoms develop from nerve damage, such as tingling or numbness in the limbs. But for others, neuropathy causes a good amount of pain, digestive issues, problems with the heart and blood vessels, the inability to go about life normally, and even death if major organs are affected badly enough. Diabetic neuropathy can trigger a cascade of events that lead to even more serious complications. Just like with diabetes itself, there is no known “cure” for peripheral neuropathy, only ways to manage it and stop progression, similarly to the natural treatments for diabetes. It’s a dangerous problem to have, but fortunately most people are able to keep it under control by regulating their blood sugar levels, changing their diets and adopting healthier lifestyles overall, all of which help control their diabetes. 7 Natural Remedies Continue reading >>

Chinese Herbal Medicine Tangshen Formula Treatment Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease With Macroalbuminuria: Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chinese Herbal Medicine Tangshen Formula Treatment Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease With Macroalbuminuria: Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chinese herbal medicine Tangshen Formula treatment of patients with type 2 diabetic kidney disease with macroalbuminuria: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and the main cause of end-stage renal disease. Present medications for DKD are not entirely satisfactory. Preliminary studies indicate that the Chinese herbal formula Tangshen Formula (TSF) appears to decrease the proteinuria and improve the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in DKD patients. This trial is a five-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. DKD patients with a 24-h urinary protein (24h UP) level between 0.5 and 3.5g and serum creatinine < 265mol/L (3mg/dl) will be included. A sample size of 144 participants will be randomly distributed into the treatment group (TSF plus irbesartan) and the control group (placebo plus irbesartan) at a ratio of 1:1. The study duration will be 50weeks, comprising a 2-week run-in period, 24weeks of intervention, and 24weeks of follow-up. The primary endpoint will be the 24h UP. Secondary endpoints will be an evaluation of renal function, management of blood lipids, improvement in traditional Chinese medicine symptoms, and safety assessments. Adverse events will also be evaluated. This study will provide evidence for the effectiveness and safety of TSF compared to placebo in treating DKD patients with macroalbuminuria. Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, ChiCTR-TRC-13003566 . Registered 9 August 2013. Chinese herbal medicineDiabetic kidney diseaseMacroalbuminuriaRandomized controlled trialTangshen Formula Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) [ 1 ]. Howe Continue reading >>

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