Our Work - Diabetes Ireland : Diabetes Ireland
Diabetes Ireland is the national charity dedicated to helping people with diabetes. We achieve this by providing support, education and motivation to everyone affected by diabetes. Diabetes Ireland also raises public awareness of diabetes and its symptoms and funds research into finding a cure for diabetes. Living with diabetes is not easy! However, with the right help, advice and support, there is no reason why Irish people with diabetes cannot live life to the full. This is our goal and each year through our patient education and information services we provide that support to thousands of Irish people with diabetes and their families when needed most. Diabetes Ireland is celebrating its 50th anniversary this year. The charity was formally set up in 1967 following a meeting attended by 750 people in the Mansion House, Dublin with the aim of obtaining free insulin and medications for all people with diabetes. The charity achieved this and from 1971 to today, everyone diagnosed with diabetes continues to access free diabetes medications under the Long Term Illness (LTI) scheme. Patient support via our telephone lo-call helpline (1850 909 909) and local support branches. Information via our website, social media, literature and our quarterly magazine Diabetes Ireland. Support for children with diabetes and their parents through our Sweetpea Kidz Club ; children and adolescent adventure activities ; family weekends; and parent support groups. Direct health education for people with diabetesthrough conferences and our community-based structured education programmes. Financial services: negotiated motor and health insurance rates. Advocacy and liaison with: clinics, services, the HSE and the Department of Health and Children. Professional support via major annual multi-dis Continue reading >>
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Diabetes : Strategies For Prevention
Report of the Chief Medical Officer of Health Table of Contents Message from Ontario's Chief Medical Officer of Health Diabetes : A Public Health Challenge What is Diabetes? Why is Diabetes Such an Important Public Health Issue? The Economic Impact of Diabetes A Dangerous Lack of Awareness How Can We Identify People at Risk and Prevent Diabetes and Its Complications? Risk Factors for Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Strategies for Prevention Changing Risk Factors Early Identification and Effective Management Rehabilitation Age Socio-Economic Issues Ethnic and Cultural Groups Aboriginal People An Agenda for Action : Recommendations For Individuals and Families For Communities For Health Care Providers For Federal and Provincial Governments Conclusion Acknowledgements Appendix A : Types of Diabetes Appendix B : Symptoms of Diabetes Appendix C : Long-Term Complications of Diabetes Appendix D : Are You at Risk for Diabetes? Appendix E : Canadian Guidelines for Healthy Weights Appendix F : Ontario Diabetes Initiatives in Progress Northern Diabetes Health Network Southern Ontario Aboriginal Diabetes Initiative (SOADI) Seniors and Diabetes Initiative Diabetes Complication Prevention Strategy Evaluation Non-Governmental Organizations Everyone in Ontario needs to understand the seriousness of this disease because all of us are susceptible to diabetes and its resultant impact on health. The prevalence of diabetes is alarmingly high and is expected to increase over the next century. In Ontario, over 600,000 people have been diagnosed with diabetes; at least another 300,000 people don't know they have it. Four out of 10 people with diabetes will develop debilitating and long-term complications. Diabetes is a major cause of premature death, blindness, kidney disease, heart d Continue reading >>
Diabetes - Issues For Children And Teenagers
On this page: Diabetes mellitus (diabetes) is a chronic and potentially life-threatening condition characterised by the body losing its ability to produce insulin or beginning to produce or use insulin less efficiently. People living with type 1 diabetes must inject insulin regularly, as must some people with type 2 diabetes. Many people with type 2 diabetes can manage their condition with careful diet, exercise and regular testing. Until recently almost all children and teenagers with diabetes had type 1, but now younger people are getting type 2 diabetes due to increasing rates of obesity and being overweight. Children or teenagers who have recently been diagnosed with diabetes may struggle with their emotional reactions to their condition and the reactions of others, and have concerns about going back to school. Teenagers with diabetes may also worry about things like negotiating sex, drinking alcohol, smoking and illicit drugs. A child and their family will need a period of adjustment after diabetes is diagnosed. They must establish a routine for blood glucose monitoring and injecting, learn how to count carbohydrates, see diabetes health professionals regularly and cope with fluctuating blood glucose levels. New challenges may arise as a child moves through different life stages. Reactions to a diagnosis of diabetes A child or teenager newly diagnosed with diabetes will have a range of reactions and emotions. Common reactions experienced by children and their parents include shock, denial, anger, sadness, fear and guilt. These feelings usually subside with time and appropriate support. Common responses to a diagnosis of diabetes include: anxiety about the condition fear of needles and multiple injections a feeling of being overwhelmed by injecting and other tasks t Continue reading >>
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Overview
The importance of both diabetes and these comorbidities will continue to increase as the population ages. Therapies that have proven to reduce microvascular and macrovascular complications will need to be assessed in light of the newly identified comorbidities. Lifestyle change has been proven effective in preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals. Based on this, new public health approaches are emerging that may deserve monitoring at the national level. For example, the Diabetes Prevention Program research trial demonstrated that lifestyle intervention had its greatest impact in older adults and was effective in all racial and ethnic groups. Translational studies of this work have also shown that delivery of the lifestyle intervention in group settings at the community level are also effective at reducing type 2 diabetes risk. The National Diabetes Prevention Program has now been established to implement the lifestyle intervention nationwide. Another emerging issue is the effect on public health of new laboratory based criteria, such as introducing the use of A1c for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes or for recognizing high risk for type 2 diabetes. These changes may impact the number of individuals with undiagnosed diabetes and facilitate the introduction of type 2 diabetes prevention at a public health level. Several studies have suggested that process indicators such as foot exams, eye exams, and measurement of A1c may not be sensitive enough to capture all aspects of quality of care that ultimately result in reduced morbidity. New diabetes quality-of-care indicators are currently under development and may help determine whether appropriate, timely, evidence-based care is linked to risk factor reduction. In addition, the scientific evid Continue reading >>
Diabetes
For our bodies to work properly we need to convert glucose (sugar) from food into energy. A hormone called insulin is essential for the conversion of glucose into energy. In people with diabetes, insulin is no longer produced or not produced in sufficient amounts by the body. What is diabetes? Diabetes is a chronic disease characterised by high levels of glucose in the blood. Blood sugar levels are controlled by insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin, or the body becomes resistant to insulin, or both. There are three main forms of the disease: Type 1 diabetes is an auto-immune disease where the body's immune system attacks the insulin producing cells of the pancreas. People with type 1 diabetes cannot produce insulin and require lifelong insulin injections for survival. The disease can occur at any age, although it mostly occurs in children and young adults. Type 1 diabetes is sometimes referred to as juvenile onset diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is associated with hereditary factors and lifestyle risk factors including poor diet, insufficient physical activity and overweight or obesity. People with type 2 diabetes may be able to manage their condition through lifestyle changes; however, diabetes medications or insulin injections may also be required to control blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes occurs mostly in people aged over 40 years old, however, the disease is also becoming increasingly prevalent in younger age groups. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy. The condition usually disappears once the baby is born, however, a history of gestational diabetes increases a woman's risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. The condition may be managed throu Continue reading >>
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Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes is a medical condition in which the blood glucose levels remain persistently higher than normal. It is becoming more common in Singapore This may be due in part to ageing population, unhealthy diets and lack of exercise. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that allows your body cells to use blood glucose (sugar) for energy. Food is converted into glucose before it is absorbed into our bloodstream. The pancreas then releases insulin to move the glucose from the bloodstream into the body cells for use or storage. People with diabetes are unable to fully use the glucose in their bloodstream because: they lack insulin in the body. insulin is ineffective for them. Related: Beat Diabetes Step By Step There are three major types of diabetes: Type 1 Diabetes No insulin is produced due to damaged pancreatic cells. Usually diagnosed in children or young adults although it can occur at any age. Insulin is needed for treatment. Complications are sudden and life-threatening. Type 2 Diabetes Insulin produced is not enough or not effective (insulin resistance). Occurs more frequently in people over 40 years old, particularly those who are overweight and physically inactive. More younger adults and children are developing Type 2 Diabetes. Can be controlled with proper diet and exercise but most diabetics also need oral medication. Gestational Diabetes Occurs in about 2 to 5 percent of all pregnancies. Women who were not diagnosed to have diabetes previously show high blood glucose levels during pregnancy. Needs specialised obstetric care to reduce serious complications to the unborn baby. Related: Gestational Diabetes> The common symptoms of diabetes are: Frequent thirst despite drinking lots of water Constant hunger Constant tiredness Itchy skin especially around Continue reading >>
Promoting Health In Families Of Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
1. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010 Apr;16(2):106-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2009.01806.x. Promoting health in families of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. de Oliveira IR(1), Nascif-Jnior IA, Rocha SM. (1)University of Franca, Av. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP, Brazil. This paper presents a study of families of children with type 1 diabetesmellitus, emphasizing the identification of social supports and networks tostrengthen interventions aimed at health promotion. The approach selected was aqualitative research, using a case study design. Four families of children withdiabetes type 1 were studied, totalling seven participants. Data were collectedbetween April and June 2007, through in-depth interviews and the construction of a genogram and an ecomap. The results presented the families' characterizationand testimonies grouped in the following categories: social support, socialnetworks and family roles. To promote care in practice, there is a need toidentify the characteristics of each family and resources available that provide better living conditions. We concluded that identifying supports and socialnetworks allows for more personalized care delivery to each family with a view tohealth promotion. Continue reading >>
Health Promotion In Diabetes Care : Studies On Adult Type 1 Diabetes Patients
Health Promotion in diabetes care : Studies on adult type 1 diabetes patients Location: Frelsningssal 1, hus 18, plan 5, Danderyds sjukhus Department: Institutionen fr kliniska vetenskaper, Danderyds sjukhus / Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital Introduction: A landmark report has shown that improving glycaemiccontrol among type 1 diabetes patients markedly reduces diabetes-relatedcomplications. In clinical practice, however, many patients have problemsin adhering to the treatment, and thus remain in poor glycaemic control.Research suggests a more behaviour-oriented approach to diabetes, butthere is a lack of evidence on the efficacy of interventions, especiallyfor those adult type 1 diabetes patients who are in poor glycaemiccontrol. Diabetes-related distress has been associated with pooradherence to treatment and poor glycaemic control. There is a need forvalidated measures in this area, to identify patients who experiencediabetes-related distress. Additionally, injection technique is crucialfor the management of diabetes, and lipohypertrophy is a common sideeffect which deserves further attention.Objectives: The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate a behaviouralmedicine intervention among poorly controlled adult type 1 diabetespatients, and to gain a deeper knowledge in an area of diabetesself-management.Methods: Quantitative design was used for the studies, and the clinicalsettings comprised two diabetes care units in Stockholm, Sweden. Study I:The Swedish version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes (Swe-PAID-20) scalewas evaluated regarding its psychometric properties by type 1 diabetespatients, as well as by an expert panel of diabetes specialist nurses.Study II: A behavioural medicine intervention based on CognitiveBehaviour Therapy (CBT) was e Continue reading >>
This Diabetes Month, Don’t Forget About The Importance Of Exercise For People With Type 1 Diabetes
November is National Diabetes Month, which means the health community will talk a lot about diabetes statistics and combining physical activity and a healthy diet to manage blood glucose. Because physical activity can help prevent – and is often a greater focus of treatment for – type 2 diabetes, the focus of conversations about diabetes and physical activity frequently zeroes in on this group. While type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented, and treatment is often more focused on insulin than lifestyle measures, there are also benefits of physical activity for people with type 1—which accounts for 10 percent of diabetes cases or 1.25 million people in the United States. People with type 1 diabetes enjoy the same mental and physical health benefits that physical activity provides to others, including improved sleep quality, reduced chronic disease risk, weight management, reduced depression risk, lower stress, and a slowing of cognitive decline. Physical activity is linked to better self-confidence and academic performance in kids, and that’s no different for kids with type 1. Like their non-diabetic peers, people with type 1 diabetes may not be getting enough physical activity. Only about 20 percent of American adults meet the Physical Activity Guidelines recommendations, and diabetes can add a level of difficulty to pursuing an active lifestyle. A 2008 study among people with type 1 diabetes found that fear of hypoglycemia was the most common barrier to exercise, while participants in a 2014 survey reported lack of knowledge about managing type 1 diabetes and its complications around exercise as a barrier to getting active. Those participants also reported the same barriers to an active lifestyle common among people without type 1 diabetes, including lack of time, w Continue reading >>
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes (insulin dependent diabetes, juvenile) is a condition in which the body stops making insulin. This causes the person's blood sugar to increase. There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas is attacked by the immune system and then it cannot produce insulin. In type 2 diabetes the pancreas can produce insulin, but the body can't use it. Causes of type 1 diabetes are auto-immune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. This can be caused by viruses and infections as well as other risk factors. In many cases, the cause is not known. Scientists are looking for cures for type 1 diabetes such as replacing the pancreas or some of its cells. Risk factors for type 1 diabetes are family history, introducing certain foods too soon (fruit) or too late (oats/rice) to babies, and exposure to toxins. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes are skin infections, bladder or vaginal infections, and Sometimes, there are no significant symptoms. Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed by blood tests. The level of blood sugar is measured, and then levels of insulin and antibodies can be measured to confirm type 1 vs. type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is treated with insulin and lifestyle changes. Specifically, meal planning to ensure carbohydrate intake matches insulin dosing. Complications of type 1 diabetes are kidney disease, eye problems, heart disease, and nerve problems (diabetic neuropathy) such as loss of feeling in the feet. Poor wound healing can also be a complication of type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented, however, keeping blood sugar at healthy levels may delay or prevent symptoms or complications. There is currently no cure, and most cases of type 1 diabetes have no known cause. The prognosis or life-expectancy for a person with Continue reading >>
Role Of Preventive National Program In Combating Diabetes Mellitus And Cardiovascular Diseases
Role of preventive national program in combating diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases According to a recent editorial in Lancet journal Type 2 diabetes is becoming the plague of the 21st century and threatens to reduce life expectancy for future generations globally [1]. Diabetes is a global public health crisis which was fueled by rapid urbanization, nutrition transition, and increasingly sedentary lifestyles. I think everybody agrees with me on the magnitude of this world-wide epidemic of diabetes which is invading almost every country in the world and spreading among adults & pregnant women. The great magnitude of type 2 diabetes is not restricted to adults but involve children. This implies on us to handle this crisis through multiple approaches rather than concentrating on one aspect of management. Let me summaries my suggested different approaches which we have to address in dealing with diabetes mellitus crisis as follows: Upon trying to approach such a problem, we should be far-sighted and think deeply in the problem and recognize that the current numbers of diabetic patients represent only the numbers in the tip of the iceberg of the true magnitude of the problem, while the bigger portion of the iceberg is hidden below the water and is represented by a larger number of high risk patients and pre-diabetes patients. And with time, the tip of the iceberg would increase in size through adding more and more diabetic patients secondary to an annual 5-10 percent progress of pre-diabetic to diabetic cases. Healthcare services budgets of different governments had been depleted due to the vicious circle of increase in the number of diabetic patients necessitating an increase in the budget of medical services. Prevention is a vital investment as diabetes threate Continue reading >>
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Tight Control Of Type 1 Diabetes: Recommendations For Patients
STEPHEN HAVAS, M.D., M.P.H., M.S., American Medical Association, Chicago, Illinois THOMAS DONNER, M.D., University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Am Fam Physician. 2006 Sep 15;74(6):971-978. Patient information: See related handout on type 1 diabetes, written by the authors of this article. Tight control of blood glucose levels and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (e.g., hypertension, hypercholesterolemia) can substantially reduce the incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications from type 1 diabetes. Physicians play an important role in helping patients make essential lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of these complications. Key recommendations that family physicians can give patients to optimize their outcomes include: take control of daily decisions regarding your health, focus on preventing and controlling risk factors for cardiovascular disease, tightly control your blood glucose level, be cognizant of potentially inaccurate blood glucose test results, use physiologic insulin replacement regimens, and learn how to manage and prevent hypoglycemia. Randomized clinical trials1–5 have demonstrated that tight control of blood glucose levels reduces the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes; this is not true for patients with type 2 diabetes. Although many patients with type 1 diabetes may benefit from tightly controlling their blood glucose levels,3 few do so.6 The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)4 showed that, compared with conventional therapy, intensive therapy significantly reduced the risk of retinopathy progression (4.7 versus 1.2 per 100 patient-years, number needed to treat [NNT] = three for 10 years) and clinical neuropathy (9.8 versus 3.1 per 100 patie Continue reading >>
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Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes (previously called insulin-dependent or juvenile diabetes) is usually diagnosed in children, teens, and young adults, but it can develop at any age. If you have type 1 diabetes, your pancreas isn’t making insulin or is making very little. Insulin is a hormone that enables blood sugar to enter the cells in your body where it can be used for energy. Without insulin, blood sugar can’t get into cells and builds up in the bloodstream. High blood sugar is damaging to the body and causes many of the symptoms and complications of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is less common than type 2—about 5% of people with diabetes have type 1. Currently, no one knows how to prevent type 1 diabetes, but it can be managed by following your doctor’s recommendations for living a healthy lifestyle, controlling your blood sugar, getting regular health checkups, and getting diabetes self-management education. Shakiness Nervousness or anxiety Sweating, chills, or clamminess Irritability or impatience Dizziness and difficulty concentrating Hunger or nausea Blurred vision Weakness or fatigue Anger, stubbornness, or sadness If your child has type 1 diabetes, you’ll be involved in diabetes care on a day-to-day basis, from serving healthy foods to giving insulin injections to watching for and treating hypoglycemia (low blood sugar; see below). You’ll also need to stay in close contact with your child’s health care team; they will help you understand the treatment plan and how to help your child stay healthy. Much of the information that follows applies to children as well as adults, and you can also click here for comprehensive information about managing your child’s type 1 diabetes. Causes Type 1 diabetes is caused by an autoimmune reaction (the body attacks itself by mistak Continue reading >>
Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Population And Community-level Interventions
Next 1 Recommendations This is NICE's formal guidance on preventing type 2 diabetes using population and community-level interventions with high-risk groups and the general population. When writing the recommendations, the Programme Development Group (PDG) (see appendix A) considered the evidence of effectiveness (including cost effectiveness), fieldwork data and comments from stakeholders and experts. Full details are available. The evidence statements underpinning the recommendations are listed in appendix C. The PDG considers that the recommended measures are cost effective. For the research recommendations and gaps in research, see section 5 and appendix D respectively. Diabetes is a group of disorders with a number of common features characterised by raised blood glucose. In England the four commonest types of diabetes are: The underlying disorder for type 2 diabetes is usually insulin insensitivity combined with a failure of pancreatic insulin secretion to compensate for increased glucose levels. The insulin insensitivity is usually evidenced by excess body weight or obesity, and exacerbated by over-eating and inactivity. It is commonly associated with raised blood pressure and a disturbance of blood lipid levels. The insulin deficiency is progressive over time, leading to a need for lifestyle change often combined with blood glucose lowering therapy. Type 2 diabetes is diagnosed in adults who are not pregnant by a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or above[2]. A type 2 diabetes diagnosis can also be made by[3]: The following table defines a healthy weight in relation to height using the body mass index (BMI). BMI is calculated from the weight in kg divided by the height in metres squared. The table also defines what it means to be overweigh Continue reading >>
Care Of Children And Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
A statement of the American Diabetes Association ADA, American Diabetes Association AER, albumin excretion rate CVD, cardiovascular disease DCCT, Diabetes Control and Complications Trial DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis EDIC, Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications EMA, endomysial autoantibody MDI, multiple daily insulin injection NCEP, National Cholesterol Education Program NCEP-Peds, National Cholesterol Education Program for Pediatrics SMBG, self-monitoring of blood glucose tTG, tissue transglutaminase During recent years, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) has published detailed guidelines and recommendations for the management of diabetes in the form of technical reviews, position statements, and consensus statements. Recommendations regarding children and adolescents have generally been included as only a minor portion of these documents. For example, the most recent ADA position statement on “Standards of Medical Care for Patients With Diabetes Mellitus” (last revised October 2003) included “special considerations” for children and adolescents (1). Other position statements included age-specific recommendations for screening for nephropathy (2) and retinopathy (3) in children with diabetes. In addition, the ADA has published guidelines pertaining to certain aspects of diabetes that apply exclusively to children and adolescents, including care of children with diabetes at school (4) and camp (5) and a consensus statement on type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents (6). The purpose of this document is to provide a single resource on current standards of care pertaining specifically to children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. It is not meant to be an exhaustive compendium on all aspects of the management of pediatric diabetes. Howeve Continue reading >>
