Genetic Testing For Type 2 Diabetes
You have reached the maximum number of saved studies (100). Please remove one or more studies before adding more. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01060540 Information provided by (Responsible Party): Study Description Study Design Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations More Information In this 6-month randomized, controlled trial, we examined whether providing participants with genetic test results and counseling regarding their risk for type 2 diabetes would motivate them to improve their health behaviors and lose weight to reduce their diabetes risk. We hypothesized that participants who received conventional diabetes counseling plus genetic test results and counseling would have at least 6 lb greater weight loss at 3 months than participants who received conventional diabetes counseling without genetic test results. Genetic: genetic testing for type 2 diabetes Behavioral: Conventional risk counseling Behavioral: eye disease counseling In this 6-month randomized, controlled trial, we evaluated the impact of genetic testing for type 2 diabetes on psychological, health behavior, and clinical outcomes. Eligibility criteria included age 21 to 65 years, overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI] >27 kg/m2), and no prior diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. At baseline, participants (N=601) had conventional risk factors assessed, including demographics, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and family history. They also provided blood samples for genetic testing of TCF7L2, PPARG, and KCNJ11, three genes that confer el Continue reading >>
Is Type 2 Diabetes Caused By Genetics?
Diabetes is a complex condition. Several factors must come together for you to develop type 2 diabetes. For example, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle play a role. Genetics can also influence whether you’ll get this disease. If you’ve been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, there’s a good chance that you’re not the first person with diabetes in your family. According to the American Diabetes Association, your risk of developing type 2 diabetes is: 1 in 7 if one of your parents was diagnosed before the age of 50 1 in 13 if one of your parents was diagnosed after the age of 50 1 in 2, or 50 percent, if both your parents have diabetes Several gene mutations have been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes. These gene mutations can interact with the environment and each other to further increase your risk. Type 2 diabetes is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Scientists have linked several gene mutations to a higher diabetes risk. Not everyone who carries a mutation will get diabetes. But many people with diabetes do have one or more of these mutations. It can be difficult to separate genetic risk from environmental risk. The latter is often influenced by your family members. For example, parents with healthy eating habits are likely to pass them on to the next generation. On the other hand, genetics plays a big part in determining weight. Sometimes behaviors can’t take all the blame. Studies of twins suggest that type 2 diabetes might be linked to genetics. These studies were complicated by the environmental influences that also affect type 2 diabetes risk. To date, numerous mutations have been shown to affect type 2 diabetes risk. The contribution of each gene is generally small. However, each additional mutation you have seems to increase your Continue reading >>
Genetic Risk Profiling For Prediction Of Type 2 Diabetes
Legend Table 2 : CLIA, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988; DTC, direct-to-consumer. T2D is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness, renal failure and limb amputation, and a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. [10] It is estimated that approximately 285 million people worldwide will have diabetes in 2010. This number is expected to increase by more than 50% in the next 20 years if no preventive strategies are implemented. [11] Diabetes is responsible for almost four million deaths worldwide in the 20-79 age group in 2010, representing 6.8% of global all-cause mortality in this age group. [11] Preventive interventions for T2D, including medication, weight loss and increased physical activity, can slow or even reverse the disease process. [12] For example, the United States Diabetes Prevention Program trial investigated the efficacy of intensive lifestyle interventions or metformin treatment compared to standard lifestyle recommendations. [13] Lifestyle intervention resulted in 58% T2D risk reduction compared to the placebo arm, at 2.8 years of follow-up. For the same follow-up, metformin resulted in 31% T2D risk reduction. [13] Genetic tests are claimed by the DTC companies to improve risk prediction and increase adherence to preventive interventions (e.g., Knowledge is self-empowering and it can motivate you towards taking steps that reduce other risk factors, which have been found to contribute to your genetic predisposition risk [14] ), thus helping to improve outcomes and reduce the costs and burden of disease for society (e.g., The conditions included in Navigenics analysis are those that are clinically actionable and th Continue reading >>
Genetic Testing In Diabetes: Separating Hope From Hype
By Kelly Close, Alexander Wolf, and Maxwell Votey Twitter summary: We sit down with diabetes luminary Dr. Anne Peters to talk genetic testing, #diabetes, + an upcoming revolution in individualized care When the genetic ancestry company 23andMe was launched in 2007, it came with a bold promise: for $999 (now $99) and a mail-order saliva sample, you could learn the secrets of your genome – your ancestry, your relatives, your ethnic background – essentially information telling you about what makes you, you. Check that out! Over time, 23andMe (named after the 23 pairs of human chromosomes) focused on an even loftier promise: learning how genetic information (DNA) can affect your long-term health. For instance, do you have a risk for Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s? 23andMe offered this service directly to consumers – without the supervision from a healthcare professional. It was trailblazing for sure. But in 2013 the FDA banned the company from marketing these health reports, citing uncertainty over whether the test was safe and accurate for patients. Indeed, many doctors and researchers questioned whether genetic data could truly tell people about disease risk, and whether the results might cause more harm than good. Without a healthcare professional’s interpretation, could patients understand 23andMe’s information? This debate dovetailed with larger ethical discussions about patient privacy, genetic discrimination, and a whole host of big picture questions about the access to one’s genome – discussions that continue today. Despite this rocky history, some healthcare professionals have not been deterred. Many continue to use 23andMe to help patients understand disease risk and even to inform therapeutic decisions. While 23andMe can’t provide a full medical a Continue reading >>
Genetic Epidemiology Of Type 2 Diabetes In Mexican Mestizos
Copyright © 2017 Eiralí Guadalupe García-Chapa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract There are currently about 415 million people with diabetes worldwide, a figure likely to increase to 642 million by 2040. In 2015, Mexico was the second Latin American country and sixth in the world in prevalence of this disorder with nearly 11.5 million of patients. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the main kind of diabetes and its etiology is complex with environmental and genetic factors involved. Indeed, polymorphisms in several genes have been associated with this disease worldwide. To estimate the genetic epidemiology of T2D in Mexican mestizos a systematic bibliographic search of published articles through PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science was conducted. Just case-control studies of candidate genes about T2D in Mexican mestizo inhabitants were included. Nineteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were found. In total, 68 polymorphisms of 41 genes were assessed; 26 of them were associated with T2D risk, which were located in ABCA1, ADRB3, CAPN10, CDC123/CAMK1D, CDKAL1, CDKN2A/2B, CRP, ELMO1, FTO, HHEX, IGF2BP2, IRS1, JAZF1, KCNQ1, LOC387761, LTA, NXPH1, SIRT1, SLC30A8, TCF7L2, and TNF-α genes. Overall, 21 of the 41 analyzed genes were associated with T2D in Mexican mestizos. Such a genetic heterogeneity compares with findings in other ethnic groups. 1. Introduction Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose uptake in muscle and fat, altered glucose-induced insulin secretion, and increased hepatic glucose production, which lead to hypergl Continue reading >>
Genetic Screening For The Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes
The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes, representing >90% of all cases of diabetes, are increasing rapidly throughout the world. The International Diabetes Federation has estimated that the number of people with diabetes is expected to rise from 366 million in 2011 to 552 million by 2030 if no urgent action is taken. Furthermore, as many as 183 million people are unaware that they have diabetes (www.idf.org). Therefore, the identification of individuals at high risk of developing diabetes is of great importance and interest for investigators and health care providers. Type 2 diabetes is a complex disorder resulting from an interaction between genes and environment. Several risk factors for type 2 diabetes have been identified, including age, sex, obesity and central obesity, low physical activity, smoking, diet including low amount of fiber and high amount of saturated fat, ethnicity, family history, history of gestational diabetes mellitus, history of the nondiabetic elevation of fasting or 2-h glucose, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and different drug treatments (diuretics, unselected β-blockers, etc.) (1–3). There is also ample evidence that type 2 diabetes has a strong genetic basis. The concordance of type 2 diabetes in monozygotic twins is ~70% compared with 20–30% in dizygotic twins (4). The lifetime risk of developing the disease is ~40% in offspring of one parent with type 2 diabetes, greater if the mother is affected (5), and approaching 70% if both parents have diabetes. In prospective studies, we have demonstrated that first-degree family history is associated with twofold increased risk of future type 2 diabetes (1,6). The challenge has been to find genetic markers that explain the excess risk associated with family history of diabetes Continue reading >>
Genetic Test Aims To Improve Diabetes Diagnosis
Radiographer Paul Martin was wrongly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in April 2013. After months of taking two medications that failed to improve his condition, Martin visited a consultant who subsequently diagnosed him correctly with type 1. “They put me on tablets - metformin and glycoside - and then I was able to just continue taking those for months until I saw a consultant who then said that my diabetes had got worse. So I was actually diagnosed as type 1 then and introduced to insulin,” he explained. Martin is one of a number of patients diagnosed with the wrong type of diabetes, which differ markedly in causation and treatment. Type 1 diabetes, which accounts for less than ten percent of patients, occurs when the body’s immune system destroys the cells that release insulin. Without insulin, patients’ bodies cannot absorb sugar. Most type 1 diabetics are diagnosed young. Type 2 diabetes is often linked with obesity and can be developed at any age. In those cases patients’ bodies are unable to use insulin correctly and can suffer damage to their pancreas, although the condition can sometimes be managed through improved diet and weight loss. Correctly diagnosing which type a patient has is crucial, and in a small minority of cases the wrong diagnosis can be fatal. But in an age of growing obesity in the western world, diagnosis is becoming increasingly difficult for doctors. According to diabetes expert Dr Richard Oram, from the University of Exeter Medical School, clinical diagnosis is currently based almost entirely on age at diagnosis and whether a patient is obese. So Oram has come up with a new, relatively inexpensive, genetic test for the disease, which he thinks will help doctors. “This is a genetic test which essentially means that it measures gen Continue reading >>
Increasing Knowledge About Genetic Testing For Type 2 Diabetes
Increasing Knowledge About Genetic Testing for Type 2 Diabetes Increasing Knowledge About Genetic Testing for Type 2 Diabetes Certified diabetes educators (CDEs) can benefit from becoming more knowledgeable about and more comfortable with genetic testing for type 2 diabetes, according to a speaker at the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) 2016 Annual Meeting .1 Genetic markers associated with the development of type 2 diabetes have been identified, noted Jacqueline Martz, DNP, RN, CDE, associate professor at Rhodes State College, Lima, Ohio, but recommendations for genetic testing for type 2 diabetes are not yet part of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care. However, CDEs could be utilized to educate patients about this option, she said, although there appears to be a greater need for awareness of the current state of the science. I'm only asking that a recommendation for genetic testing for type 2 diabetes mellitus be added as an option for a CDE, Martz told Endocrinology Advisor. She cited a Swedish study, which has demonstrated that common variants in 11 genes may be significantly associated with the risk of future type 2 diabetes.2 The researchers genotyped 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and examined clinical factors in 16 061 Swedish and 2770 Finnish adults. In this study, 2201 (11.7%) developed type 2 diabetes during a median follow-up period of 23.5 years. Martz noted that the study showed that more participants who were diagnosed with diabetes (32%) than those without the diagnosis (22.1%) had a high genetic risk.2 As part of a doctoral study, registered CDEs were asked about their knowledge regarding genetic testing for type 2 diabetes , said Martz. They were also asked about their attitudes toward genetic Continue reading >>
A Genetic Test For Diabetes Risk
Will it help make people healthier? When I was a destitute graduate student several years ago, I decided to earn a quick $75 by signing up for what sounded like a relatively innocuous clinical study. An I.V. in my left arm would feed precise amounts of glucose and insulin into my bloodstream, while from my right arm a nurse would periodically draw blood to test for glucose. The study would assess how effectively my body responded to sugar, a measure that predicts risk for developing type 2 diabetes. As someone with a family history of the disease, I had long had a shapeless fear of it. A phone call from the nurse a few days later turned that vague anxiety into something much more concrete. The blood tests showed I was “insulin resistant,” meaning that my muscle, fat, and liver cells were not responding to insulin as efficiently as they should–significantly boosting my risk of diabetes. About 20.8 million people in the United States have diabetes, and another 50 million or more are at risk. Although the onset of the disease can be delayed–sometimes even prevented–with diet and exercise, efforts by doctors and public-health agencies to encourage healthy habits are making marginal progress at best. In the last several months, however, a potential new tool for diabetes prevention has come to market. A test developed by the Icelandic genomics company deCode Genetics and marketed to consumers by San Francisco-based DNA Direct determines whether people carry copies of a genetic variation that can greatly increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It’s available for $500 through a website, and DNA Direct’s marketing material suggests that positive results will give people extra motivation to get fit. But critics say there is no evidence that this test will s Continue reading >>
Dna Testing For Type 2 Diabetes
DNA Testing for Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes affects around 95% of all diabetes patients, which makes it by far the most common form of the condition. Type 2 diabetes is caused when the body produces an insufficient amount of insulin for it to function properly or when insulin resistance occurs, which describes the failure of the body’s cells to react with insulin. Fortunately, the symptoms of type 2 diabetes can be controlled by monitoring blood glucose levels. Among the many symptoms that are associated with type 2 diabetes, excessive thirst, fatigue, weight loss and more frequent urination are common. However, not everybody who has type 2 diabetes will suffer symptoms immediately. One of the most serious effects of type 2 diabetes is hyperglycaemia, which refers to an increased presence of glucose in the blood. If left untreated, hyperglycaemia can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis and, ultimately, death. Obesity is commonly cited as a primary cause of type 2 diabetes. Genetic predisposition DNA testing for type 2 diabetes is useful for identifying those who are most likely to develop the condition. There are a number of known causes or precursors to type 2 diabetes that can be taken into consideration when evaluating an individual, such as age, weight and ethnic origin. In respect to the latter, it has been found that UK residents of African-Caribbean or South Asian descent are at least five times more likely to develop the condition than a white person. Research has also shown that a genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes does exist, with variants in the PPARG and CAPN10 genes playing a pivotal role in the condition’s development. For support and more information about type 2 diabetes, please visit the Diabetes UK website, the largest charity in the UK devote Continue reading >>
Effect Of Genetic Testing For Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus On Health Behaviors And Outcomes: Study Rationale, Development And Design
Abstract Type 2 diabetes is a prevalent chronic condition globally that results in extensive morbidity, decreased quality of life, and increased health services utilization. Lifestyle changes can prevent the development of diabetes, but require patient engagement. Genetic risk testing might represent a new tool to increase patients' motivation for lifestyle changes. Here we describe the rationale, development, and design of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing the clinical and personal utility of incorporating type 2 diabetes genetic risk testing into comprehensive diabetes risk assessments performed in a primary care setting. Patients are recruited in the laboratory waiting areas of two primary care clinics and enrolled into one of three study arms. Those interested in genetic risk testing are randomized to receive either a standard risk assessment (SRA) for type 2 diabetes incorporating conventional risk factors plus upfront disclosure of the results of genetic risk testing ("SRA+G" arm), or the SRA alone ("SRA" arm). Participants not interested in genetic risk testing will not receive the test, but will receive SRA (forming a third, "no-test" arm). Risk counseling is provided by clinic staff (not study staff external to the clinic). Fasting plasma glucose, insulin levels, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference are measured at baseline and 12 months, as are patients' self-reported behavioral and emotional responses to diabetes risk information. Primary outcomes are changes in insulin resistance and BMI after 12 months; secondary outcomes include changes in diet patterns, physical activity, waist circumference, and perceived risk of developing diabetes. The utility, feasibility, and efficacy of providing patients with genetic risk information for commo Continue reading >>
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by a disturbance in glucose metabolism. Glucose is the main fuel for the human body. The reason for the appearance of type 2 diabetes mellitus is a decreased effect of insulin on the cells, leading to the decreased transport of glucose from blood to the inside of cells. The result is an increased blood glucose concentration and a lack of glucose in the cells. Why should you have your DNA analysed for predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus? Many genes are involved in this disease. They regulate the sugar metabolism and affect the eating habits. Should your analysis reveal an increased predisposition towards this disease, you will be able to change your nutritional habits early on as well as to increase your level of physical activity. Both measures help the body regulate and decrease the blood glucose. How is type 2 diabetes mellitus prevented or treated? A sugar diet and increased physical activity alone often do not suffice to normalize the blood sugar levels. In most cases, therapy must involve medications which facilitate the entry of glucose into the cells, and often insulin must be added to the treatment regimen. More detailed description about type 2 diabetes Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in the world. It affects 2.8% of the world population. Of all diabetic patients, 80-90% suffers from type 2 diabetes. The disease usually manifests after the age of 40, most commonly around the age of 55. The number of cases is steadily increasing; scientists believe that in 15 years the number of patients will double. Worldwide, there are vast differences in the incidence of this disease-- for instance, certain Native American tribes exhibit a high incidence while in some African territories t Continue reading >>
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Postprandial Blood Glucose Is a Stronger Predictor of Cardiovascular Events Than Fasting Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Particularly in Women: Lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study
- Metabolic surgery for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus: Now supported by the world's leading diabetes organizations
Is Diabetes Genetic? Facts About Hereditary Risk
Diabetes is a complex set of diseases with no single cause. Genetic factors make some people more vulnerable to diabetes, particularly with the right environment. In addition, certain lifestyle factors can cause type 2 diabetes in individuals with no known family history. This complex interaction between genes, lifestyle, and environment points to the importance of taking steps to minimize individual diabetes risk. Is type 1 diabetes hereditary? Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease, which means that it causes the body's immune system to attack healthy cells. It is often called juvenile diabetes because most people are diagnosed in childhood, and the condition then lasts their lifetime. Doctors used to think type 1 diabetes was wholly genetic. Newer studies have shown, however, that children develop type 1 diabetes 3 percent of the time if their mother has the condition, 5 percent of the time if their father has it, or 8 percent if a sibling has type 1 diabetes. Consequently, researchers now believe that something in the environment has to trigger type 1 diabetes. Some risk factors include: Cold weather. People develop type 1 diabetes in winter more frequently than summer. It is also more common in places with cool climates. Viruses. Researchers think some viruses might activate type 1 diabetes in people who are otherwise vulnerable. Measles, mumps, coxsackie B virus, and rotavirus have been linked to type 1 diabetes. Research suggests that people who develop type 1 diabetes may have autoimmune antibodies in their blood for many years before showing symptoms. As a result, the disease may develop over time, or something may have to activate the autoimmune antibodies for symptoms to appear. Is type 2 diabetes hereditary? Type 2 diabetes is the more common form of the d Continue reading >>
Genetic Testing Can Help Some Diabetics Stop Taking Insulin
If you or a loved one have diabetes, you may be familiar with the struggles of insulin therapy. Calculating your dose and injecting yourself isn’t fun, of course. And if you forget to bring your shots with you, it can turn into a medical emergency. But studies have revealed that up to 5 percent of individuals with diabetes have an inherited form that is responsive to different types of medications and may actually eliminate the need for insulin injections. This form of diabetes is sometimes referred to as “Type 3” or “Type 1.5,” but it’s more often known as Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY). MODY is often undiagnosed due to its similarities to both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. In fact, the only way to properly identify MODY is through genetic testing. To understand MODY, it’s important to understand diabetes in general. It all starts with insulin. When you eat a meal, sugar from the food enters your bloodstream where it can be used by your cells, but they require insulin to do so. Insulin is made in the pancreas in beta cells, which sense sugar in the blood and respond by releasing insulin, thereby helping the body get energy. Diabetes develops when either a person’s pancreas makes too little insulin, or their cells don’t respond properly to the insulin that’s produced. This results in high levels of sugar in the bloodstream, because the sugar can’t enter the body’s cells. In Type 1 diabetes, this happens because the pancreas doesn’t release enough insulin; in Type 2 diabetes, cells resist the insulin that is produced. The causes of MODY include both of these mechanisms. MODY is a genetic diagnosis that involves a change in the DNA inherited from your parents. The most common form of this condition comes from a variation in a gene call Continue reading >>
Is Diabetes Genetic?
Diabetes is a complex disease. Several factors must come together for a person to develop Type 2 Diabetes. While genetics may influence whether you’ll get this disease or not, other factors like environmental risk factors and a sedentary lifestyle also play a huge role. So, is type 2 diabetes genetic? And if not, which type of diabetes is genetic? Those are the questions we are faced with today. And unfortunately, the answer is not that simple. Yes, genetics can play a role in increasing the risk for both Diabetes Type 1 as well as Diabetes Type 2, but genes alone will not determine whether you will develop diabetes or not. Will You Get Diabetes If It Runs In Your Family? If you’ve just been diagnosed with diabetes, chances are that you’re not the first person in your family who has diabetes. The details of whether diabetes can be inherited, and how this occurs, are not clear yet. About 10% of patients diagnosed with insulin-dependent Type 1 diabetes have a first degree relative with this type of diabetes. By first degree relative, we mean father, mother, sibling, twin and child. However, when it comes to the more common type of diabetes, which is Diabetes Type 2, it has a tendency to occur in families, but this is also not very strong and not predictable. A Swedish study on Metabolic Consequences of a Family History of Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus concluded that abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and decreased resting metabolic rate are characteristic features of first-degree relatives of patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (in other words, Diabetes Type 2). And that the decrease in resting metabolic rate is partially related to the degree of abdominal obesity. Many doctors with clinical practice treating diabetes believe that thi Continue reading >>
