Metformin To Augment Strength Training Effective Response In Seniors (masters): Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial
Metformin to Augment Strength Training Effective Response in Seniors (MASTERS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial 2Center for Exercise Medicine and Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA 2Center for Exercise Medicine and Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA 2Center for Exercise Medicine and Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA 4Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA 2Center for Exercise Medicine and Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA 1College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA 2Center for Exercise Medicine and Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA 3Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA 4Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA Received 2016 Nov 9; Accepted 2017 Apr 6. Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creativ Continue reading >>
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Metformin Protects The Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Stores Against Alterations Inherent To Functional Limitation
HUMAN AND ANIMAL HEALTH Paula Lima BosiI, *; Gabriel Delfino BorgesII; João Luiz Quagliotti DuriganII; Karina Maria CancellieroII; Carlos Alberto da SilvaII IRua Maestro Arthur Bosmans, 55 - Apto 1002; Belvedere; 30320-680; [email protected]; Belo Horizonte - MG - Brasil IIDepartamento de Fisioterapia; Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba - UNIMEP; Piracicaba - SP - Brasil ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the glycogen content (GC) of the rat hind limb muscles submitted to joint immobilization, either associated with metformin treatment (M, 1,4mg.ml-1) or not. In the metformin group, there was a significant increase in the GC (soleus - S 65% , white gastrocnemius - WG 30.5%, red gastrocnemius- RG31.7%, extensor digitorum longus - EDL 44%, tibialis anterior- TA 77.4%). The immobilization significantly reduced the GC (S 31.6%, WG 56.6%, RG 39.1%, ELD 41.7%, TA 45.2%) and weight (S 34.2% and ELD 27%), whereas in the group immobilized with the metformin, there was an increase in the GC of all the muscles (S 177%, WG 290%, RG 172%,ELD 47%, TA 217%), in addition to minimizing the weight loss of S (29.6%) and ELD (27.8%). Key words: Muscle disuse, metformin, skeletal muscle, rehabilitation RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conteúdo de glicogênio (GLI) da musculatura da pata posterior de ratos submetidos à imobilização articular, associado ou não ao tratamento com metformina (MET, 1,4 mg.ml -1) no período de sete dias. No grupo metformina, houve elevação significativa nas RG (65% no sóleo - S, 30.5% no gastrocnêmio branco - GB, 31.7% no gastrocnêmio vermelho - GV , 44% no extensor longo dos dedos - EDL e de 77.4% no tibial anterior - TA ). A imobilização reduziu significativamente as RG (S 31,6%, GB 56,6%, GV 39,1%, ELD 41,7%, TA 45,2%) Continue reading >>
Metformin Impairs Mitochondrial Function In Skeletal Muscle Of Both Lean And Diabetic Rats In A Dose-dependent Manner
Abstract Metformin is a widely prescribed drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have demonstrated in vitro that metformin specifically inhibits Complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This seems contraindicative since muscle mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. However, its significance for in vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial function has yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of metformin on in vivo and ex vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in a rat model of diabetes. Healthy (fa/+) and diabetic (fa/fa) Zucker diabetic fatty rats were treated by oral gavage with metformin dissolved in water (30, 100 or 300 mg/kg bodyweight/day) or water as a control for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks of treatment, muscle oxidative capacity was assessed in vivo using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ex vivo by measuring oxygen consumption in isolated mitochondria using high-resolution respirometry. Two weeks of treatment with metformin impaired in vivo muscle oxidative capacity in a dose-dependent manner, both in healthy and diabetic rats. Whereas a dosage of 30 mg/kg/day had no significant effect, in vivo oxidative capacity was 21% and 48% lower after metformin treatment at 100 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively, independent of genotype. High-resolution respirometry measurements demonstrated a similar dose-dependent effect of metformin on ex vivo mitochondrial function. In conclusion, metformin compromises in vivo and ex vivo muscle oxidative capacity in Zucker diabetic fatty rats in a dose-dependent manner. Figures Citation: Wessels B, Ciapaite J, van den Broek NMA, Nicolay K, Prompers JJ (2014) Metformin Impairs Mitochondrial Function in Skeletal Muscle of Both Lean and Continue reading >>
Metformin Side Effects And How To Deal With Them
Metformin side effects include diabetic neuropathy, brain fog, and digestive issues. You can address them through diet, Vitamin B12, CoQ10, and exercise. Let us understand the drug Metformin in detail and study different forms of metformin, its uses and common metformin side effects along with how to deal with them. Metformin: What Is It Used For? Metformin is an old warhorse in the pharma battle against diabetes. It has been the mainstay in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes for more than fifty years, often matching or outperforming newer drugs. In fact, many new combination drugs are often created with metformin as one of the main ingredients. Thanks to its long run in the pharmaceutical world, the side effects of Metformin are also well known. The Metformin-PCOS connection has been studied extensively since a majority of health complications associated with PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) are due to hyperinsulinemia (high amounts of insulin in the blood stream). Metformin is known to reduce circulating insulin levels. The use of this drug in women with PCOS has shown highly encouraging results. RELATED: 10 Easy Breakfast Ideas For Diabetics Most Prescribed Names in Metformin Category Include: Fortamet: It is an extended-release formulation that contains metformin hydrochloride. The tablets are designed for once-a-day administration. They deliver either 500 mg or 1000 mg of metformin. The tablet is made using a patented technology called SCOTTM that delivers the active compound slowly and at a constant rate. Glucophage: Glucophage tablets contain metformin hydrochoride. They contain either 500 mg, 850 mg or 1000 mg of the active compound. Glucophage tablets do not contain any special covering and need to be taken multiple times a day until the prescribed dosage is me Continue reading >>
Should We All Take Metformin?
Metformin (Glucopage) is a wonderful drug that bodybuilders use for a very long time, nothing very spectacular just another drug in the bodybuilders toolbox. I wrote a few times before about this drug, in 2012 about its potential to burn fat and in general in 2014. But this drug is studied intensively and in 2015 this article in The Telegraph increased the interest in Metformins ability to increase life-span and improve quality of life. T he Food and Drug Administration (FDA) always maintained that aging is not a disease and most scientists have taken the same position. But because many studies confirmed that Metformin was able to slow down aging and prevent many conditions linked with aging, general consensus changed. Belgian researchers tested metformin on the tiny roundworm C.elegans the worms not only aged slower, but they also stayed healthier longer. They did not slow down or develop wrinkles. Mice treated with Metformin increased their lifespan by nearly 40 per cent and their bones were also stronger. Last year Cardiff University found that when patients with diabetes were given the drug metformin they in fact lived longer than others without the condition, even though they should have died eight years earlier on average. To analyze the advantage outside treatment of diabetes, the Food and Drug Administration has green-lighted a clinical trial in the U.S. for what has become known as the Targeting Aging with Metformin (TAME) study. The researchers will give Metformin to about 3.000 elderly people, who either suffer from or have a high risk of developing diseases like cancer, heart disease, or cognitive problems. They'll then track them over six years to see if the drug prevents aging-related diseases that were not pre-existing. They'll also be looking to see if i Continue reading >>
Does Metformin Inhibit Recovery And Muscle Building?
Does Metformin inhibit recovery and muscle building? Does Metformin inhibit recovery and muscle building? My endocrinologist recommended that I take Metformin (an insulin sensitizer) to help lower my blood sugar and to help me lose weight (I'm 53yrs 5'9" 230lbs, at about 26% body fat). After taking it for six weeks I found that it was killing my progress and making me weaker. Is it true that Metformin inhibits muscle recovery? I stopped taking the Metformin 3 days ago. When could I expect the muscle recovery return to normal? Are there natural insulin sensitizers that could help my blood sugar levels without harming muscle recovery (such as Berberine, magnesium, and ginger)? Up to this point, I havent addressed metformin directly, but have referred to sensitizers in general. Heres where that changes. While the majority of sensitizers (including metformin) in use today work to increase insulin sensitivity via AMPK activation, metformin has other negative effects on androgen receptors which compound its negative effect on protein synthesis, the most problematic of which is its ability to reduce androgen receptor density. In other words, this stuff doesnt just have a suppressive effect on androgen receptor function, it actually gets rid of them! Being that androgen receptor signaling is the primary mechanism through which testosterone and other steroids stimulate muscle growth, anything which eliminates this critical mediator not only reduces the rate of muscle growth, but total growth potential as well. Metformin has also been proven to reduce endogenous testosterone production in both men and womensignificantly. this stuff doesnt just have a suppressive effect on androgen receptor function, it actually gets rid of them! According to the claim that metformin gets rid of Continue reading >>
Metformin And Muscle Pain
Diabetes Forum The Global Diabetes Community Find support, ask questions and share your experiences. Join the community Hi, I am type 2, diagnosed before Xmas. On metformin 2 x 500g a day. The tops of my legs, hips and bum area go from slight numbness to painful especially when I lie down at night. Its like pressure points. Has anyone else experienced this. Not sure if I should persevere or ditch the pills. Any replies appreciated Rachox Type 2 (in remission!) Well-Known Member It sounds more like statin side effects. Are you on a statin by any chance? No, no statins. Doctor wasnt sure if I needed metformin or not as my levels not too high fbg 8.5 hbA1c 52 so might just stop taking them and see if symptoms ease. Thanks for reply Rachox Type 2 (in remission!) Well-Known Member No, no statins. Doctor wasnt sure if I needed metformin or not as my levels not too high fbg 8.5 hbA1c 52 so might just stop taking them and see if symptoms ease. Thanks for reply Many on here have reduced their HbA1c on diet alone, have you changed your diet? My HbA1c was higher at 70 on diagnosis and I do take Metformin, but I believe that the low carb diet I eat has reduced it more than the tablets. Hi, I am type 2, diagnosed before Xmas. On metformin 2 x 500g a day. The tops of my legs, hips and bum area go from slight numbness to painful especially when I lie down at night. Its like pressure points. Has anyone else experienced this. Not sure if I should persevere or ditch the pills. Any replies appreciated Was initially started just on Gliclazide when diagnosed T2 March last year. During an appointment with an Endocrinology consultant I had Metformin added to my medication. I experienced aches and pains in all my leg muscles after a few weeks on Gliclazide and Metformin. Had the Metformin sto Continue reading >>
Anyone Think Met Helps Build Muscle
D.D. Family type 2 since Oct 2010, metformin 2 Gm I know insulin is used by many body builders to help build muscle, but what about met? Afterall it increases peripheral glucose uptake. I've been doing a little weight lifting since last November and have noticed a definite gain in my bicepts. It's hard to tell how much the met has helped because I started working out and that alone would have some effect. But doesn't it make sense that it would help build muscle just as insulin has been proven to do? 1 Oct 10 on insulin with meals and at bedtime. A1C 9.2 The thing I don't understand is how insulin helps build muscle. All it ever does for me is build fat. It does that really well..... low carb diet, moderate exercise, 2500 mg metformin I don't think they use it for building muscle per se. Many bodybuilders us an alternating ketogenic diet to get rid of fat especially right under the skin - it ruins that rippled appearance when modeling at shows. They know that this is the best way to burn fat, so they alternate. For a period they carb-load eating tons of carbs and working them off. Then, in subsequent period they go full-on ketogenic in order to get rid of any fat which may have accumulated during the carb-loading phase. Good information here for those who doubt if one can live full time and perform athletically in a state of ketosis - you can and these guys don't reduce their strenuous routines when running entirely on fat vs. when running on carbs. I think the switching back and forth is kind of crazy but so are a lot of things they do - especially buying illicit insulin to speed the transition. D.D. Family type 2 since Oct 2010, metformin 2 Gm Smorgan, oh they use it alright for bodybuidlng. I used to be into that although I never used insulin. The cyclical ketogenic Continue reading >>
Metformin - Fountain Of Youth Or Muscle Destroyer?
METFORMIN - Fountain of Youth or Muscle Destroyer? METFORMIN - Fountain of Youth or Muscle Destroyer? Metformin - Fountain of Youth or Muscle Destroyer? Metformin is one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This type of diabetes is the form where the body does not respond effectively to insulin, primarily because the insulin receptor has become desensitized. Since one of insulins primary functions is to shuttle sugar from the blood into the cell, the loss of insulin function seen in type 2 diabetics usually causes problematic increases in blood sugar. Metformin is able to combat this elevation in blood sugar by suppressing the production of glucose by the liver while also restoring the insulin response. Interestingly, metformin has also been shown to increase the life span in many different species such as worms and mice.1,2 Additional epidemiological data has shown that humans with type 2 diabetes who took metformin for an extensive period of time to treat their diabetes had a lower occurrence of many other life-threatening diseases, including heart disease and cancer.3 In fact, this data is so compelling that other scientific groups are going to see if metformin intake by individuals who dont have diabetes but have other health conditions, including cancer and heart disease, can forestall the progress of the diseases they already have. Of course, prevention of these diseases would likely increase the life span of each subject, giving metformin the remarkable capacity to function as a molecular Fountain of Youth. Increasing Insulin Action and Life Expectancy by Activating AMPK So, what is it about metformin that gives it the remarkable capacity to reestablish insulin signaling and increase life span? Well, this capability most certainly st Continue reading >>
Metformin And Muscle Growth
by Mike Arnold Over the last few years insulin sensitizers, and metformin in particular, have become quite popular among bodybuilders due to their many positive effects, one of which is the ability to combat growth hormone/exogenous insulin induced insulin resistance. While their physique and health enhancing benefits are undeniable, many have begun utilizing these compounds indiscriminately, adhering to a more is better philosophy in terms of dose, frequency of use, and the number of compounds employed. This may be advantageous with some drugs, but is it true in this instance? Insulin sensitizers are rather unique in that many of their positive and negative effects are mediated through a single pathway; an enzyme known as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, or AMPK for short. Acting as a cellular energy regulator, AMPK is responsible for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis via the regulation of ATP levels. When the body is exposed to stresses that deplete ATP, such as heat shock, or much more commonly, low blood glucose and hypoxia as a result of diet and exercise, this enzyme is activated. As a result, processes which involve ATP consumption (fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis) are turned off, while processes which involve ATP production (fatty acid and glucose oxidation) are turned on in an attempt to replenish cellular energy levels. This has a number of beneficial effects. It improves insulin sensitivity (via improved insulin receptor function and increased Glut-4 translocation), increases glucose uptake into muscle tissue, simulates fat loss, improves cholesterol values, and results in an overall improvement in metabolic health. With such a diverse number of benefits and with all of them directly applicable to the goals/circumstances of a bodyb Continue reading >>
Muscle Pain And Metformin
Thanks for your reply, Jangar. My husband did mention this to the GP at his annual review a couple of months ago. At that time he was also taking an additional medication (the name of which totally escapes me at the moment, sorry) and we thought it was that which was causing the problem as one of the side effects was muscle pains. So he stopped taking that (with the GP's permission) but the pain didn't go away. I would have thought there would be other symptoms as well if it was lactic acidosis? Unfortunately the diabetic team and GP at our surgery are not exactly brilliant. My husband has to tell THEM about diabetes! I will make sure he makes a point of mentioning this to the doctor and getting some kind of answer, but I know he won't go until his next appointment and there's no way I can make him. However, I will see if he'll ring the GP and speak to him, as they are quite happy to speak to you on the phone. Thanks again, and if and when I get any answers I'll let you know. Best wishes.<1268> Lancer, I see this is an old thread, but you posted today. Are you sure you're not on some statin tablet too, for cholesterol? Because certain statin tablets definitely cause muscle pains. It does not affect all people, but I have heard big complaints about muscle pain by people taking tablets like Simvastatin ... Sorry, I am not clued up on the names of these tablets. Most end in -statin, but not all of them. I've never had muscle pains that I can recall, taking Glucophage (which is Metformin by another name). Hi Avocet I was thinking Cholesterol medications might be doing this! I had terrible muscle pain with Crestor and was switched to Lipitor, The reason I am up at 300 am is the terrible muscle pain. Just doing a little browsing myself and apparently and found this can also c Continue reading >>
Metformin Increases Amp-activated Protein Kinase Activity In Skeletal Muscle Of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes.
Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA. [email protected] Metformin is an effective hypoglycemic drug that lowers blood glucose concentrations by decreasing hepatic glucose production and increasing glucose disposal in skeletal muscle; however, the molecular site of metformin action is not well understood. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity increases in response to depletion of cellular energy stores, and this enzyme has been implicated in the stimulation of glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and the inhibition of liver gluconeogenesis. We recently reported that AMPK is activated by metformin in cultured rat hepatocytes, mediating the inhibitory effects of the drug on hepatic glucose production. In the present study, we evaluated whether therapeutic doses of metformin increase AMPK activity in vivo in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Metformin treatment for 10 weeks significantly increased AMPK alpha2 activity in the skeletal muscle, and this was associated with increased phosphorylation of AMPK on Thr172 and decreased acetyl-CoA carboxylase-2 activity. The increase in AMPK alpha2 activity was likely due to a change in muscle energy status because ATP and phosphocreatine concentrations were lower after metformin treatment. Metformin-induced increases in AMPK activity were associated with higher rates of glucose disposal and muscle glycogen concentrations. These findings suggest that the metabolic effects of metformin in subjects with type 2 diabetes may be mediated by the activation of AMPK alpha2. Continue reading >>
- Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin stores in the pancreas of subjects with type-2 diabetes and their lean and obese non-diabetic controls
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- Effects of resveratrol on glucose control and insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Influence Of Metformin On Glucose Intolerance And Muscle Catabolism Following Severe Burn Injury
Influence of Metformin on Glucose Intolerance and Muscle Catabolism Following Severe Burn Injury Copyright 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Hyperglycemia and accelerated muscle catabolism have been shown to adversely affect immune response and survival. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of metformin on glucose kinetics and muscle protein metabolism in severely burned patients and assess any potential benefit of metformin in this clinical setting. In a double-blind, randomized manner, 8 adult burn patients received metformin (850 mg every 8 hours 7 days), while 5 burn patients received placebo. Infusions of 6,6d2 glucose, d5 phenylalanine, sequential muscle biopsies, and femoral arterial, venous blood sampling allowed determination of glucose and muscle protein kinetics. Measurements were obtained immediately prior and at the conclusion of 7 days of treatment (metformin versus placebo). All patients received enteral feeds of comparable amounts during study. Patients receiving metformin had a significant decrease in their plasma glucose concentration, the rate of glucose production, and an increase in glucose clearance. Metformin administration was also associated with a significant increase in the fractional synthetic rate of muscle protein and improvement in net muscle protein balance. Glucose kinetics and muscle protein metabolism were not significantly altered in the patients receiving placebo. Metformin attenuates hyperglycemia and increases muscle protein synthesis in severely burned patients, thereby indicating a metabolic link between hyperglycemia and muscle loss following severe injury. Therefore, therapies that improve glucose tolerance such as metformin may be of clinical value Continue reading >>
Differential Effects Of Metformin And Exercise On Muscle Adiposity And Metabolic Indices In Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Patients
The HIV-lipodystrophy syndrome is associated with fat redistribution and metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance (IR). The mechanisms and treatment strategies for IR in HIV-lipodystrophy are unclear, but data suggest that intramuscular lipids contribute to IR in this population. We previously showed that metformin and exercise improve hyperinsulinemia more than metformin alone in HIV-lipodystrophy. Now we investigate the effects of these treatment strategies on thigh muscle adiposity measured by computed tomography and additional body composition measures. Twenty-five HIV-infected patients on stable antiretroviral therapy with hyperinsulinemia and fat redistribution participated in a prospective, randomized, 3-month study of metformin alone or metformin and resistance training three times a week. Thigh muscle adiposity decreased significantly more as shown by increased muscle attenuation [2.0 (range, 0.5–5.0) vs. −1.0 (–3.5–0), P = 0.04] and sc leg fat tended to decrease more [–3.3 (–7.5–4.3) vs. 0.8 (–2.1–9.5), P = 0.06] in the combined treatment group in comparison with metformin alone. In multivariate analysis, change in thigh muscle adiposity remained a significant predictor of change in insulin (P = 0.04), controlling for changes in other body composition measurements. These data suggest that muscle adiposity, in addition to other fat depots, is an important determinant of hyperinsulinemia and that exercise has complex effects on regional fat depots in HIV-infected patients. Reduction in muscle adiposity may be an important mechanism by which exercise improves hyperinsulinemia in this population. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is the primary metabolite of testosterone in the prostate and skin. Testosterone is converted to DHT by 5α-reduc Continue reading >>
Stay Big While Getting Shredded With Metformin
Stay big while getting shredded with Metformin By Matt Porter How many times have you heard people say when they are dieting for fat loss that they are flat, weak, losing muscle, or all of the above? Usually the people who say such things do not have a proper grasp on how to effectively construct a diet for extreme fat loss while maintaining muscle tissue. The same people also convince themselves that they cannot get lean without sacrificing substantial lean tissue in the process. I am here to tell you that if you diet right, supplement right, and train effectively, than you surely can keep your muscle tissue while incinerating your winter blubber from your holiday "bulking diet." In fact, when people get overly lenient with their dietary habits over the winter months, they oftentimes do not eat consistently and make poor food choices. They unknowingly set themselves up for the potential to gain a little muscle while getting shredded from diligent eating, supplementation, and consistent training. Once the dieter gets into the midst of their fat loss stage and has become fairly lean in the 8-9% body fat range, they can begin incorporating the oral anti-diabetic drug Metformin. This drug also goes by the name Glucophage and belongs to a class of drugs called biguanides. It is used for treating non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetics with insulin resistance. Metformin is generally well tolerated and is beneficial to the prolonged dieter attempting to retain muscle tissue while going from lean to shredded, which translates to -- going from 8-9% body fat to 4-5% body fat. When attempting to achieve extremely low levels of body fat, a cascade of hormonal events begin taking place, making will power, discipline and strong mental fortitude crucial to succeeding. Constant hunger Continue reading >>
