Metformin For The Treatment Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder of body metabolism that affects 5-10% of women and can cause infrequent periods, weight gain, acne, unwanted hair growth and infertility. PCOS should not be confused with the incidental finding of polycystic ovaries on an ultrasound scan which occur in about 20% of the female population and usually do not cause any symptoms. The cause of PCOS is not fully understood but is thought to have a genetic component. The small cysts seen in the ovaries do not cause PCOS but are the result of the underlying disturbance of metabolism. Most women with PCOS do not have every symptom and the treatment that a doctor recommends is usually chosen to treat the symptoms that bother the woman. In recent years there has been a lot of interest in the use of Metformin to treat the symptoms of PCOS. This information sheet aims to answer many of the questions that women have about this treatment. What is Metformin? Metformin is a medicine that is taken by mouth. It is from a family of drugs known as biguanides and was developed to treat type 2 (late onset) diabetes. Why is it used to treat PCOS? There are a number of similarities between PCOS and adult-onset diabetes. In both conditions, people have a resistance to the effects of insulin with resulting high levels of insulin in their blood stream. These high insulin levels cause an increased production of androgens (male-type hormones that can cause acne and unwanted hair growth) in the ovaries and adrenal glands. This in turn affects the pituitary hormones (LH and FSH) that normally stimulate the ovaries to produce eggs. The result is often irregular infertile periods. Metformin increases the effectiveness of insulin, resulting in a lowering of blood insulin levels which in turn lowers the androg Continue reading >>
- Type 1 Diabetes and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Diabetes
- Relative effectiveness of insulin pump treatment over multiple daily injections and structured education during flexible intensive insulin treatment for type 1 diabetes: cluster randomised trial (REPOSE)
Pcos: Insulin And Metformin
Young women with PCOS often have elevated insulin levels and are more likely to develop diabetes. Metformin is a medication often prescribed for women with PCOS to help prevent diabetes. A lifestyle that includes healthy nutrition and daily exercise is the most important part of a PCOS treatment plan. What is insulin? Insulin is a hormone made by an organ in the body called the pancreas. The food you eat is broken down into simple sugar (glucose) during digestion. Glucose is absorbed into the blood after you eat. Insulin helps glucose enter the cells of the body to be used as energy. If there’s not enough insulin in the body, or if the body can’t use the insulin, sugar levels in the blood become higher. What is insulin resistance? If your body is resistant to insulin, it means you need high levels of insulin to keep your blood sugar normal. Certain medical conditions such as being overweight or having PCOS can cause insulin resistance. Insulin resistance tends to run in families. What can insulin resistance do to me? High insulin levels can cause thickening and darkening of the skin (acanthosis nigricans) on the back of the neck, axilla (under the arms), and groin area. In young women with PCOS, high insulin levels can cause the ovaries to make more androgen hormones such as testosterone. This can cause increased body hair, acne, and irregular or few periods. Having insulin resistance can increase your risk of developing diabetes. How can I lower my insulin levels? You can help lower your insulin levels naturally by eating fewer starches and sugars, and more foods that are high in fiber and low in refined carbohydrates. Low glycemic foods, on the other hand, don’t raise your blood sugar or insulin levels as much as foods that are high in sugar or refined carbohydr Continue reading >>
Diabetes Drugs: Metformin
Editor’s Note: This is the second post in our miniseries about diabetes drugs. Tune in on August 21 for the next installment. Metformin (brand names Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Riomet, Fortamet, Glumetza) is a member of a class of medicines known as biguanides. This type of medicine was first introduced into clinical practice in the 1950’s with a drug called phenformin. Unfortunately, phenformin was found to be associated with lactic acidosis, a serious and often fatal condition, and was removed from the U.S. market in 1977. This situation most likely slowed the approval of metformin, which was not used in the U.S. until 1995. (By comparison, metformin has been used in Europe since the 1960’s.) The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required large safety studies of metformin, the results of which demonstrated that the development of lactic acidosis as a result of metformin therapy is very rare. (A finding that has been confirmed in many other clinical trials to date.) Of note, the FDA officer involved in removing phenformin from the market recently wrote an article highlighting the safety of metformin. Metformin works primarily by decreasing the amount of glucose made by the liver. It does this by activating a protein known as AMP-activated protein kinase, or AMPK. This protein acts much like an “energy sensor,” setting off cellular activities that result in glucose storage, enhanced entry of glucose into cells, and decreased creation of fatty acids and cholesterol. A secondary effect of the enhanced entry of glucose into cells is improved glucose uptake and increased storage of glycogen (a form of glucose) by the muscles. Additionally, the decrease in fatty acid levels brought about by metformin may indirectly improve insulin resistance and beta cell func Continue reading >>
Can Metformin Cause Pelvic Pain?
Pepcid vs. Prilosec Vestura vs. Yaz Rephresh Pro B Side Effects Lacri Lube Alternative Primolut N Weight Gain Treato does not review third-party posts for accuracy of any kind, including for medical diagnosis or treatments, or events in general. Treato does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Usage of the website does not substitute professional medical advice. The side effects featured here are based on those most frequently appearing in user posts on the Internet. The manufacturer's product labeling should always be consulted for a list of side effects most frequently appearing in patients during clinical studies. Talk to your doctor about which medications may be most appropriate for you. The information reflected here is dependent upon the correct functioning of our algorithm. From time-to-time, our system might experience bugs or glitches that affect the accuracy or correct application of mathematical algorithms. We will do our best to update the site if we are made aware of any malfunctioning or misapplication of these algorithms. We cannot guarantee results and occasional interruptions in updating may occur. Please continue to check the site for updated information. Continue reading >>
Will You Have Pelvic Pain With Metformin - From Fda Reports - Ehealthme
A study for a 42 year old woman who takes Xarelto, Norco NOTE: The study is based on active ingredients and brand name. Other drugs that have the same active ingredients (e.g. generic drugs) are NOT considered. WARNING: Please DO NOT STOP MEDICATIONS without first consulting a physician since doing so could be hazardous to your health. DISCLAIMER: All material available on eHealthMe.com is for informational purposes only, and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment provided by a qualified healthcare provider. All information is observation-only, and has not been supported by scientific studies or clinical trials unless otherwise stated. Different individuals may respond to medication in different ways. Every effort has been made to ensure that all information is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. The use of the eHealthMe site and its content is at your own risk. You may report adverse side effects to the FDA at or 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088). If you use this eHealthMe study on publication, please acknowledge it with a citation: study title, URL, accessed date. Continue reading >>
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Fertility Treatment With Metformin (glucophage)
How Metformin Is Used for Polycystic Ovaries Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common cause of anovulation and infertility in women. These women do not ovulate (release eggs) regularly and therefore have irregular menstrual periods. The ovaries have many small cysts (2-7 mm diameter) called antral follicles, giving the ovaries a characteristic "polycystic" (many cysts) appearance on ultrasound. A relatively new method of treating ovulation problems in women with polycystic ovarian disease is to use an oral medication called metformin (brand name is Glucophage). Metformin has traditionally been used as an oral drug to help control diabetes. Then, some smart doctor figured out that polycystic ovarian syndrome treatment with metformin can be very effective. If Glucophage alone does not result in ovulation and pregnancy, we often use: If the combination therapy is not effective, we can try: Metformin Use with IVF Treatment We also use Glucophage in women going through in vitro fertilization for PCOS, and for those with very high antral follicle counts - if their ovaries are "polycystic" by ultrasound. We find that some women with polycystic ovaries respond with a "smoother" response to the injectable FSH medication if they have been taking Glucophage. Risks and Side Effects of Metformin / Glucophage In about 25% of women Glucophage causes side effects which may include abdominal discomfort, cramping, diarrhea and nausea. The side effects may be severe enough to make the woman stop the Glucophage medication. We are not aware of any serious complications resulting from Glucophage treatment. Another oral medication used for diabetes called Troglitazone has been associated with liver failure and death in rare cases. This has been publicized on television shows, in newspapers, et Continue reading >>
- Type 1 Diabetes and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Diabetes
- Relative effectiveness of insulin pump treatment over multiple daily injections and structured education during flexible intensive insulin treatment for type 1 diabetes: cluster randomised trial (REPOSE)
Help!! Mystery Pelvic Pain Metformin/keto Diet
Help!! Mystery pelvic pain metformin/keto diet If this is your first visit, be sure tocheck out the FAQ by clicking thelink above. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages,select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below. Help!! Mystery pelvic pain metformin/keto diet Shorty after starting metformin 1000mg/day and following a keto diet, I developed pelvic pain. I cannot even pinpoint with certainty whether it is my bladder, uterus, or bowel that is causing me pain. I am wondering if anyone else has had this problem, so I will describe what's going on in a bit more detail: On the 2nd day of pain, I lied down and pressed on the area to try to see where exactly it was hurting. Right after I did that, the pain was so bad I could not move and thought my appendix was going to burst. But after about 30 min it subsided. I fell asleep and when I woke up in the morning it was just the constant lower-level pain again. It usually feels like cramping. Sometimes it radiates into my vagina or rectum. I get really sharp almost unbearable pain when I am about to pass gas. Urination is also painful but doesn't feel anything like a UTI, it feels like the pain is caused from my bladder shrinking and things shifting as a result . Sometimes its bad enough to take my breath away. Generally though the pain is just uncomfortable and bearable. I had about a week when I was not dieting as strictly and I was out of ketosis, and the pain went away. Right when I got back to it, bam... the pain was back. Could it be the ketones in my urine causing pain? Dr says no. Also, my urine was squeaky clean.. no uti. Also I started on 1500mg/day about a week ago, extended release. No change. Still having violent making-it Continue reading >>
Pcos -
2What is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? 3 What causes polycystic ovary syndrome? 5Is polycystic ovary syndrome a serious condition? 6I have polycystic ovary syndrome. How common is this condition? 7What hormone changes are typical of polycystic ovary syndrome? 8What is the significance of elevated LH levels? 9What is the significance of body weight in PCOS? 10I have pelvic pain and ultrasound has shown polycystic ovaries. Are thepolycystic ovaries causing the pain? 11Does PCOS cause excessive body hair production (hirsutism)? 12Are there any concerns if my periods are infrequent or absent in association with PCOS? 13How can my polycystic ovary syndrome be treated? 14 I have heard there is a relatively new treatment for PCOS metformin. Could you explain this? 15We are trying for a baby. Could metformin cause problems for our baby? 16How should irregular or absent periods associated with PCOS be treated? 17How is infertility associated with PCOS treated? 18My periods are irregular and I have PCO. Do I need contraception? Polycystic ovaries are characterised by the presence of many small cysts (fluid filled swellings) around the surface of the ovaries. The cysts are quite small ranging from 2 to 8 mm (Figure 7.1). Polycystic ovaries are usually larger than normal ovaries and their central substance is generally more dense. Over recent years, with the advent of ultrasound examination, we have learned that about one woman in five has polycystic ovaries. At ultrasound examination, the ovaries appear larger and more dense and the cysts look like a necklace around the periphery of the ovaries. Related Medical Abstracts Click on the paper title:- Polycystic ovaries A common finding in normal women. (1988) Polycystic ovaries: A new ultrasonic classification. (1995) Interrelat Continue reading >>
Side Effects
Drug information provided by: Micromedex Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur: More common Abdominal or stomach discomfort cough or hoarseness decreased appetite diarrhea fast or shallow breathing fever or chills general feeling of discomfort lower back or side pain muscle pain or cramping painful or difficult urination sleepiness Less common Anxiety blurred vision chest discomfort cold sweats coma confusion cool, pale skin depression difficult or labored breathing dizziness fast, irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse feeling of warmth headache increased hunger increased sweating nausea nervousness nightmares redness of the face, neck, arms, and occasionally, upper chest seizures shakiness shortness of breath slurred speech tightness in the chest unusual tiredness or weakness wheezing Rare Behavior change similar to being drunk difficulty with concentrating drowsiness lack or loss of strength restless sleep unusual sleepiness Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them: More common Acid or sour stomach belching bloated excess air or gas in the stomach or intestines full feeling heartburn indigestion loss of appetite metallic taste in the mouth passing of gas stomachache stom Continue reading >>
Metformin Side Effects For Pcos: 6 Things You Need To Know
Insulin resistance is seen in the majority of women with PCOS. Doctors prescribe metformin for PCOS because it is an effective insulin sensitizer. However, the drug comes with its share of side effects. Let’s look at Metformin side effects for PCOS in detail. Metformin Side Effects For PCOS 1. Malaise Or Physical Discomfort As many as 1 in every 4 women on metformin just does not feel well. There is a feeling of fatigue even without much physical exertion. Sometimes, this fatigue is accompanied with aches that can last for a varying degree of time. While this may not sound too severe, it is one of the most common Metformin side effect for PCOS. 2. Gastrointestinal Distress Gastrointestinal problems is another common Metformin side effect for PCOS (experienced by nearly a third of women taking the drug.) These problems include abdominal pain, nausea, occasional vomiting, loose motions, irregular bowel movements or diarrhea. Bloating and flatulence can be a major source of embarrassment. Anorexia and a sharp metallic taste can play havoc with appetite, especially because eating a healthy diet at the right times is critical for PCOS patients. Heartburn and headaches add to the suffering caused by PCOS symptoms. 3. Anemia Another Metformin side effect for PCOS is a decrease in Vitamin B12 levels because the drug affects the absorption of this vitamin. Vitamin B12 is vital for red blood cell formation. When levels of vitamin B12 go down, you can suffer from anemia. Common symptoms of anemia include tiredness, lightheadedness, and dizziness. Vitamin B12 also plays an important role in many bodily processes. For example, there is evidence of a relationship between low levels of vitamin B12 and an increased risk of heart diseases. 4. Accumulation Of Homocysteine Long-term use Continue reading >>
Metformin As A New Therapy For Endometriosis, Its Effects On Both Clinical Picture And Cytokines Profile - Sciencedirect
Volume 17, Issue 4 , December 2012, Pages 262-267 Metformin as a new therapy for endometriosis, its effects on both clinical picture and cytokines profile Author links open overlay panel Ashraf AhmedFodaa Open Access funded by Middle East Fertility Society Metformin has both anti-inflammatory properties and a modulatory effect on ovarian steroid production. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have yet examined the effects of metformin therapy on patients with endometriosis. To determine the effects of metformin therapy on the patients complaints and on the serum levels of some cytokines. Sixty-nine infertile patients were diagnosed by diagnostic laparoscopy to have stages 1 & 2 endometriosis. They were subdivided into a control group and a treated group. Analysis of IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF levels using ELISA kits. The effects of metformin therapy on the serum IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF levels after 3 and 6months were compared with the control group (non-treated cases). Metformin therapy resulted in a significant reduction in the patients complaints (P<0.01) and in the serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 & VEGF. Metformin therapy in patients with endometriosis resulted in a significant reduction in the symptomatic cases, increased chance of pregnancy, and a decrease in the levels of serum cytokines, suggesting that it may have a therapeutic potential as an anti-endometriotic drug. Continue reading >>
Effects Of Metformin And Letrozole On Endometriosis And Comparison Of The Two Treatment Agents In A Rat Model | Human Reproduction | Oxford Academic
Our aim was to investigate the effects of metformin and letrozole on experimentally induced endometriosis in a rat model. Endometriotic implants were surgically formed, and 38 rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (control group, 8 rats) was given no medication. Group 2 (metformin group, 10 rats) was given 100 mg/kg/day of oral metformin. Group 3 (metformin group, 10 rats) was given 200 mg/kg/day of oral metformin. Group 4 (letrozole group, 10 rats) was given 0.1 mg/kg/day of oral letrozole. All rats continued to receive the treatment for 4 weeks and then were sacrificed to assess the size of implants and scores of adhesions. The histopathologic scores of implants in excised endometriotic foci were examined by a pathologist. The mean surface area of endometriotic implants was similar in all groups before the treatment. Although the area was not reduced in controls, it was found to be significantly reduced in all treatment groups (44.50 23.37, 5.90 2.37, 4.30 1.33, 6.90 3.72 mm2, respectively; P < 0.05). The effect was comparable between the treatment groups. The histopathologic assessment revealed that the histopathologic score of implants was lowest after 100 mg/kg/day metformin. Additionally, metformin reduced the severity of adhesions. Metformin and letrozole caused a statistically significant regression of endometriotic implants. The effects of metformin on endometriotic tissue were at least comparable to letrozole. metformin , aromatase inhibitor , endometriosis , rat model Endometriosis is defined as the presence of a functional endometrial layer with endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity which induces a chronic, inflammatory reaction and is also linked to pelvic pain and infertility ( Kennedy et al., 2005 ). The morphologic appe Continue reading >>
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Role Of Metformin In The Management Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Go to: Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological disorder affecting 4–12% of women [Diamanti-Kandarakis et al. 1999; Farah et al. 1999; Knochenhauer et al. 1998]. It has also been the most controversial medical condition and every aspect has received a lot of attention from the nomenclature to the management. Several descriptions of similar conditions took place in the 20th century and it was named Stein—Leventhal Syndrome in 1935 after the authors who described polycystic ovarian morphology in patients suffering from hirsutism, amenorrhoea and infertility [Leventhal, 1958; Stein and Leventhal, 1935]. PCOS was also called polycystic ‘ovarian’ syndrome implying that the primary pathology lies in or triggered by the ovary. Others have called it polycystic ovary disease (PCOD), which is the least used term for obvious reasons. Currently, PCOS refers to a disorder with a combination of reproductive and metabolic characteristics. This has evolved over time with controversy over the definition culminating in the latest consensus [ESHRE/ASRM, 2004] which instead of solving the issue created more controversy [Azziz et al. 2006]. In the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology/American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ESHRE/ASRM) consensus, at least two of the following features are needed to make the diagnosis; oligo/anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic features on ultrasound scan [ESHRE/ASRM, 2004]. The Androgen Excess Society, however, recommended that androgen excess should remain a constant feature of PCOS irrespective of the ovulatory status and morphological features of the ovaries [Azziz et al. 2006]. For almost three decades, PCOS has been regarded as a life course disease which besides its reproductiv Continue reading >>
Painful Ovulation (pcos, Metformin, Keto)? - Pcos
Painful Ovulation (pcos, metformin, keto)? Background info: Alright so I was diagnosed with pocs a few weeks back, I'm on 1,000mg of metformin and doing keto. I was checked 2 years ago for cysts on an unrelated issue and didn't have any back then, but I haven't been checked since. I had bloodwork done and have high levels of androgens, and irregular periods. Me and my husband are ttc, so that's why I went in for testing to begin with (I thought it may be thyroid issues, I didn't expect pcos, I had never heard of it before). My question: I'm no stranger to pain during the times that I should be ovulating, it's one of the ways I know what's going on, but normally it's just a little cramping on the left or right side, nothing too serious, nothing at all like the pain from cramps during PMS. This time it's an incredible pain on just one side, like I want to curl up with a heating pad and ignore the world pain. I don't remember it ever being this bad before. Is this normal? Is it because of my medication or keto at all? Should I ask my doctor about getting checked out for cysts? Advice appreciated, thank you! Continue reading >>
10 Facts About Metformin And Pcos
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a relatively common hormonal disorder that is one of the leading causes of infertility. Some women who have PCOS develop insulin resistance. This occurs when the cells of the body don’t respond well to a hormone known as insulin. Insulin allows the cells to take sugar (glucose) from the blood. If the cells don’t take in this sugar it leads to higher levels of glucose and insulin circulating through the body in the bloodstream. This, in turn, leads to increased levels of androgens (male hormones) which cause the classic symptoms of PCOS such as excess hair growth and more importantly in terms of fertility – lack of ovulation. Getting pregnant with PCOS can be possible with the right diagnosis and treatment plan. Here are the Top 10 facts about metformin use in PCOS patients: 1) Metformin is a medication that is primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is marketed in the US under the names Fortamet, Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Glumetza and Riomet. It is available as a tablet, extended-release tablet and a liquid. 2) With infertility patients, it is used not because the women with PCOS have diabetes (although they do have an increased risk of developing this disease), but because it acts on improving use of insulin by the cells of the body and therefore reducing the level of insulin in the blood. This can lead to improved ovulation, more regular menstrual cycles as well as a reduction in excessive hair growth, acne and weight gain. It may also slow down or prevent the development of type 2 diabetes later in life. 3) To determine if it would be helpful for a patient with PCOS to use Metformin, they are given a 2 Hour Glucose Tolerance Test. First, a fasting blood sample is drawn to determine a baseline glucose level. The patient t Continue reading >>
