Causes Of Osteoarthritis
Primary osteoarthritis is mostly related to aging. With aging, the water content of the cartilage increases and the protein makeup of cartilage degenerates. Repetitive use of the joints over the years causes damage to the cartilage that leads to joint pain and swelling. Eventually, cartilage begins to degenerate by flaking or forming tiny crevasses. In advanced cases, there is a total loss of the cartilage cushion between the bones of the joints. Loss of cartilage cushion causes friction between the bones, leading to pain and limitation of joint mobility. Damage to the cartilage can also stimulate new bone outgrowths (spurs) to form around the joints. Osteoarthritis occasionally can be found in multiple members of the same family, implying an heredity (genetic) basis for this condition. Rarely, some of these hereditary cases of osteoarthritis are caused by defects in collagen, which is an important component of cartilage. Secondary osteoarthritis is caused by another disease or condition. Conditions that can lead to secondary osteoarthritis include obesity, repeated trauma or surgery to the joint structures, abnormal joints at birth (congenital abnormalities), gout, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and other hormone disorders. Obesity causes osteoarthritis by increasing the mechanical stress on the cartilage. In fact, next to aging, obesity is the most powerful risk factor for osteoarthritis of the knees. The early development of osteoarthritis of the knees among weight lifters is believed to be in part due to their high body weight. Repeated trauma to joint tissues (ligaments, bones, and cartilage) is believed to lead to early osteoarthritis of the knees in soccer players. Interestingly, recent studies have not found an increased risk of osteoarthritis in long-distance Continue reading >>
Long Term Type 1 Is Not Linked To Osteoarthritis Of Hand
Back to June 2017 Newsletter By Lisa Foster-McNulty, MSN, RN, CDE Karin Magnusson of the National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology and the Department of Rheumatology at Diakonhjemmet Hospital in Oslo, Norway, conducted a study with her colleagues on 96 subjects who were diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes prior to 1970. Their average age and A1c were 62.2 years and 7.43%, respectively. These subjects were compared to 69 control subjects without a diagnosis of diabetes. The researchers compared the two groups for radiographic hand OA, erosive hand OA, the Australian/Canadian index for hand pain, and for disability and stiffness. The analysis was adjusted for the factors of sex, age, waist circumference, and level of education. They did not find any link between Type 1 diabetes and the more prevalent problem of hand OA. They did, however, note a trend in the diabetes patients towards an increased prevalence of erosive hand OA. They also noted a strong association between living for many years with Type 1 diabetes and increased hand pain, stiffness, and disability. Reduced hand function was especially noted in women and younger participants with a higher A1c level. The authors commented that more research on larger groups of participants should be conducted to explore the association between diabetes and erosive hand OA. It makes sense to manage diabetes as well as possible, so if you are looking to tighten up your control, please give us a call. We’d be happy to help! Reference: Magnusson K, Holte KB, Juel NG, et al. Long term types 1 diabetes is associated with hand pain, disability and stiffness but not with structural hand osteoarthritis features – The Dialong hand study. PLoS One. 2017. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177118 Continue reading >>
Chronic Disease Self Management For Diabetes, Osteoarthritis, Post-myocardial Infarction Care, And Hypertension
In order to avoid the premature loss of potentially relevant studies, we broadly defined "chronic disease self-management" as systematic intervention that is targeted towards patients with chronic disease to help them to actively participate in either or both of the following activities: self-monitoring (of symptoms or of physiologic processes) or decision-making (managing the disease or its impact based on self-monitoring). All interventions included in this study attempt to modify patient behavior to reach specific goals of chronic disease self-management. We attempted to understand the characteristics particular to chronic disease self-management programs that may be most responsible for their effectiveness. Reprinted with permission from Office of Research, Development, and Information Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Originally published in: Evidence Report and Evidence-Based Recommendations: Chronic Disease Self Management for Diabetes, Osteoarthritis, Post-Myocardial Infarction Care, and Hypertension. This report is part of the RAND Corporation reprint series. The Reprint was a product of the RAND Corporation from 1992 to 2011 that represented previously published journal articles, book chapters, and reports with the permission of the publisher. RAND reprints were formally reviewed in accordance with the publisher's editorial policy and compliant with RAND's rigorous quality assurance standards for quality and objectivity. For select current RAND journal articles, see External Publications. Permission is given to duplicate this electronic document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Copies may not be duplicated for commercial purposes. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protec Continue reading >>
- Conjoint Associations of Gestational Diabetes and Hypertension With Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease in Parents: A Retrospective Cohort Study
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Diabetes And Osteoarthritis: A Vicious Cycle
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoarthritis (OA) often come together. Higher frequencies of other conditions often linked to diabetes, such as obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, also have been associated with OA.1 While the relationship is complex, OA and T2DM may feed into each other in a vicious cycle—with progression of T2DM contributing to worsening OA, and vice versa. Which Comes First? Body mass index (BMI) and age are well-known risk factors for both T2DM and OA, but there may be more here than meets the eye. Injury and mechanical wear and tear on the joints and cartilage over time might not be enough to explain the increased risk of OA in patients with T2DM. Some researchers are beginning to suspect that diabetes itself could be an independent risk factor for OA and have proposed a “diabetes-induced phenotype.”2 Chronic, low-grade inflammation is common in both OA and metabolic disorders. Studies suggest that lipid irregularities, hyperglycemia, and advanced glycosylation end products can be deleterious to cartilage homeostasis. Adipokines, inflammatory mediators released from adipose tissue, could also play a role.3 Moreover, treatment for T2DM could affect bone metabolism, with specific effects varying by type of agent. While thiazolidinediones can promote bone loss, metformin could stimulate bone formation through differentiation of osteoblasts.4 Some patients with T2DM already tend to have higher bone density, possibly linked to hyperinsulinemia and the anabolic action of insulin on bone.4 T2DM and OA: 1 + 1 = 3 While scientists debate which comes first, it is fair to say that concomitant OA and T2DM increases the risk for other comorbidities. People with OA are at increased risk for depression and lower quality of life in general.5 Having Continue reading >>
- American Diabetes Association® Releases 2018 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, with Notable New Recommendations for People with Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes
- Diabetes and Sleep Apnea: How Sleep Affects Blood Glucose and Diabetes
- Diabetes and eye disease: How diabetes affects vision and eye health
Osteoarthritis And Diabetes: Increasing Pain, Complications
As if life with osteoarthritis is not difficult enough, diabetes can make everything worse. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are related to frequently fluctuating and fragile blood sugar levels. On account of this instability, internal organs and other system wide functions do not operate at an optimum level. And when it comes to living with and treating osteoarthritis, diabetes exacerbates the pain and complicates the treatment. Like other forms of arthritis, osteoarthritis is basically a condition that inflames the joint or joints. The swelling, heat and pain from an inflamed joint can be exacerbated by frequent fluctuations in the blood sugar levels. That’s why a basic principle of the anti-inflammatory diet is to control blood sugar levels by eating a low glycemic load diet. This concept is even more important to someone with both diabetes and osteoarthritis. If and when the inflammation and pain in a joint becomes unbearable, a doctor might recommend a cortisone shot. This too is fraught with problems when the patient with arthritis also has diabetes. The steroids used in the injections will oftentimes spike the blood sugar levels in a diabetic for a short period of time. During this time, the blood sugar levels need to be monitored closely and the medications adjusted in order to prevent a Hyperglycemic Event. These types of complications are to be expected in someone with diabetes because diabetes affects the whole body. Infections are more likely. Kidney failure is more likely. And prolonged recovery times from surgery are more likely. In fact, in a nationwide study, researchers found that in those who had either knee or hip replacement surgery, diabetics had a much higher risk of complications than non-diabetics. Another group of researchers concluded: “Rega Continue reading >>
Type 2 Diabetes May Boost Osteoarthritis And Arthroplasty Risk
(RxWiki News) Type 2 diabetes has been known to cause problems in the heart, eyes and feet. New research suggests that diabetes may be linked to joint damage as well. People with type 2 diabetes may have a higher risk of osteoarthritis than those without diabetes. People who are overweight or obese have a higher risk of diabetes. Obesity has also been linked to osteoarthritis. Other factors, such as age, can also add to osteoarthritis risk. After taking into account these other factors that could lead osteoarthritis, the researchers found that type 2 diabetes was still a predictor of arthroplasty, with a hazard ratio of 2.1. The risk of arthroplasty increased with the length of time patients had type 2 diabetes. "Stay active to protect your joints and control diabetes." Georg Schett, MD, of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany, and colleagues wanted to see if the presence of type 2 diabetes could predict severe osteoarthritis in the future. Osteoarthritis is sometimes called the "wear-and-tear" arthritis because it happens when joints and joint tissues wear down through use over time. Dr. Schett and colleagues found that people with type 2 diabetes were more likely than those without diabetes to undergo arthroplasty - a surgery to rebuild or replace damaged joints. Rates of arthroplasty among diabetes patients were 17.7 per 1,000 person-years. In comparison, arthroplasty rates among those without diabetes were 5.3 per 1,000 person-years. The study's results suggested that type 2 diabetes increased the risk of arthroplasty, with a hazard ratio of 3.8. A hazard ratio explains how much an event happens in one group versus another. A ratio greater than 1.0 means the event happens more often in one group. In this case, type 2 diabetes patients were significantly m Continue reading >>
Osteoarthritis And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: What Are The Links?
Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent joint disorder and one of the leading cause of disability. During a long time, it was considered as the consequence of aging and mechanical stress on cartilage. Recent advances in the knowledge of OA have highlighted that it is a whole joint disease with early modifications of synovium and subchondral bone but also that it is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome through systemic mechanisms. In the past year, type 2 diabetes has been described in two meta-analyzes as an independent risk factor for OA. In vivo models of diabetes corroborated epidemiological studies. Indeed, diabetic rodents display a spontaneous and a more severe experimental OA than their non-diabetic counterparts, which can be partially prevented by diabetes treatment (insulin, pioglitazone). The negative impact of diabetes on joints could be explain by the induction of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines but also by advanced age products accumulation in joint tissues exposed to chronic high glucose concentration. Insulin resistance might also impair joint tissue because of a local insulin resistance of diabetic synovial membrane but also by the systemic low grade inflammation state related to obesity and insulin resistant state. KEYWORDS: Diabetes mellitus; Glucose; Metabolic syndrome; Osteoarthritis; Oxidative stress Continue reading >>
Arthritis And Diabetes
Tweet Arthritis is the term for conditions which cause inflammation of the joints. There are more than 100 different forms of arthritis, with a broad range of causes. Some of these forms of arthritis have close associations with certain types of diabetes. Arthritis can usually be treated to help reduce symptoms and slow progression of the condition. How common is arthritis? Arthritis is common, with an estimated 10 million people living with the condition in the UK alone. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting around 8 million in the UK. Whilst arthritis is most commonly associated with the elderly, a number of forms or arthritis can affect people of any age, including children. Types of arthritis Whilst there are many dozen forms or causes of arthritis, the following are some of the more common forms: Osteoarthritis - caused by damage to the cartilage in the joints Rheumatoid arthritis - an autoimmune form of arthritis Gout - caused by a build up of uric acid Ankylosing spondylitis - a form which usually causes stiffness in the spine Reactive arthritis - can result from certain infections causing red swollen joints Secondary arthritis - may occur following joint injury Juvenile arthritis - forms of arthritis that affect children Arthritis and diabetes Certain forms of arthritis may be more common in people with certain types of diabetes. People with type 2 diabetes have higher risks of developing osteoarthritis and gout, which is likely on account of the fact that obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes as well as these forms of arthritis. People with type 1 diabetes have significantly higher risks of also having rheumatoid arthritis. Both conditions are autoimmune diseases and research suggests that certain genes may increase the risk of Continue reading >>
Diabetes Is An Independent Predictor For Severe Osteoarthritis
Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate if type 2 diabetes is an independent risk predictor for severe osteoarthritis (OA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Population-based cohort study with an age- and sex-stratified random sample of 927 men and women aged 40–80 years and followed over 20 years (1990–2010). RESULTS Rates of arthroplasty (95% CI) were 17.7 (9.4–30.2) per 1,000 person-years in patients with type 2 diabetes and 5.3 (4.1–6.6) per 1,000 person-years in those without (P < 0.001). Type 2 diabetes emerged as an independent risk predictor for arthroplasty: hazard ratios (95% CI), 3.8 (2.1–6.8) (P < 0.001) in an unadjusted analysis and 2.1 (1.1–3.8) (P = 0.023) after adjustment for age, BMI, and other risk factors for OA. The probability of arthroplasty increased with disease duration of type 2 diabetes and applied to men and women, as well as subgroups according to age and BMI. Our findings were corroborated in cross-sectional evaluation by more severe clinical symptoms of OA and structural joint changes in subjects with type 2 diabetes compared with those without type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetes predicts the development of severe OA independent of age and BMI. Our findings strengthen the concept of a strong metabolic component in the pathogenesis of OA. Osteoarthritis (OA) is among the most frequent chronic diseases in the industrialized world, with estimation for the lifetime prevalence ranging from 30–50% (1,2). Moreover, OA is associated with a substantial disease burden due to pain, functional decline and increased mortality (2). In a proportion of individuals, OA progresses toward joint failure requiring total joint replacement (arthroplasty). In the U.S., 200,000 hip joints are replaced every year, and intervention rates for hip and knee OA Continue reading >>
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Link Between Diabetes And Osteoarthritis
Obesity blamed for the tendency of diabetes patients to develop osteoarthritis. Being overweight is a common trait in people with type 2 diabetes and has been blamed for the tendency of these patients to develop osteoarthritis (OA). A French research team has found a stronger correlation between the 2 ailments. The link between type 2 diabetes and the increased risk of osteoarthritis was first described in the early 1960s, but a December 2016 review of research data sets by Alice Courties, MD, and Jérémie Sellam (MD, PhD), from the rheumatology department of the Saint-Antoine Hospital in Paris, France, reveals an even stronger link between type 2 diabetes and OA that is independent of weight (or BMI) as a confounding factor. The meta-analysis looks at the effects of metabolic disturbances on OA, and posits the existence of a diabetes-induced form of OA as a subset, or "sub-phenotype" of metabolic OA. Although there is certainly a mechanical impact on the joints of many individuals with type 2 diabetes as a result of obesity, the data Courties and Sellam interpret supports that the connection between OA and obesity cannot explain all factors of OA development in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The joint ailment OA is characterized by osteophytes, synovial inflammation, cartilage degradation, and bone sclerosis, all of which are exacerbated by the "systemic metabolic disturbances and low-grade inflammation" associated with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. Courties and Sellam remark that elevated fasting glucose concentration has also been associated with bone marrow lesions which, they said, are known to predict OA structural damages." In diabetic patients there is an added risk in the loss of subcondral bone through lower bone Continue reading >>
Links Between Osteoarthritis And Diabetes:implications For Management From A Physical Activity Perspective
Go to: INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are two prevalent chronic diseases in the United States, Osteoarthritis (OA) affects 14% of adults aged 25 years and older and 34% of those above the age of 65.1 OA is a leading cause of disability and economic burden - around 40% of adults with OA report arthritis related limitations in daily activities and 30% report difficulties in work-related tasks.1 Diabetes affects 12% of adults 20 years and older and 26% of those above the age of 65.2 Diabetes is associated with mortality and serious complications such as heart disease and stroke, kidney failure, and lower-limb amputation.2 In the aging population, the co-existence of both OA and T2DM is frequent and can be a source of greater disability and economic burden.3,4 There seems to be an increased susceptibility to develop OA in those with T2DM.5,6 A recent report in adults ranging from 18–64 years showed that the prevalence of arthritis was 52% in those with T2DM compared to 27% in those without T2DM.7 The reason for the high prevalence of arthritis in those with T2DM is not entirely clear. OA and T2DM share common risk factors such as obesity and advanced aging, which may explain the higher prevalence of OA in the diabetic population.8 More recently, OA has been associated with systemic metabolic disturbances commonly seen in T2DM, suggesting that diabetes in and of itself influences the pathophysiology of OA independently of obesity or aging per se. These metabolic alterations have been proposed to serve as an underlying link between OA and T2DM. With the growing prevalence of older persons diagnosed with both OA and T2DM, adequate prevention and management of these combined conditions becomes necessary. Optimal care of these patients dep Continue reading >>
Type 2 Diabetes In Osteoarthritis Joint Healing
Doctors working with nutrition and metabolism are among those researchers who are bringing attention to osteoarthritis as a whole joint disease. This includes the impact of Type 2 diabetes in osteoarthritis joint healing. Here are highlights of recent research from Researchers at Sorbonne University in Paris writing in Diabetes research and clinical practice. In this research the role of diabetes is examined in creating a toxic non-healing joint environment. For a long time, osteoarthritis was considered the consequence of aging and mechanical stress on cartilage. Recent advances in the knowledge of osteoarthritis have highlighted that it is a whole joint disease with early modifications of synovium and subchondral bone but also that it is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome through systemic mechanisms. Recently, type 2 diabetes has been described in two meta-analyzes studies as an independent risk factor for osteoarthritis. In animal studies, diabetic rodents display a spontaneous and a more severe osteoarthritis than their non-diabetic counterparts, which can be partially prevented by diabetes treatment (insulin, pioglitazone). The negative impact of diabetes on joints could be explain by the induction of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines but also by advanced age products accumulation in joint tissues exposed to chronic high glucose concentration. Insulin resistance might also impair joint tissue because of a local insulin resistance of diabetic synovial membrane but also by the systemic low grade inflammation state related to obesity and insulin resistant state.1 In a study that we cite in other articles of our website published in the prestigious international journal Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease, doctors wrote of excellen Continue reading >>
Is Type 2 Diabetes Associated With Osteoarthritis?
This study examined whether there is a link between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and osteoarthritis. They found that patients with T2D were more likely to develop osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease that affects joints. OA can cause stiffness and pain and can limit movement. OA is associated with aging and excess weight. OA commonly occurs in patients with T2D. T2D is also associated with aging and obesity. Previous studies have shown a link between the two conditions independent of age. It is currently unclear if the high prevalence of OA in diabetes patients may be due to excess weight of patients with T2D or if there is an independent association between the two conditions. This study combined the results of 24 studies that looked at OA and T2D. A total of 16,742 patients were included. Patients with T2D were 21% more likely to have OA than patients without T2D. When weight and body mass index (BMI, measure of body fat taking height and weight into account) were taken into account, patients with T2D were 25% more likely to develop OA. This study concluded that patients with T2D are at increased risk of developing OA. This results of this study were from a combination of other studies which may have had differing conditions, selection requirements and assessments. This study suggests there is an association between T2D and OA, but does not examine the factors, such as blood glucose levels, that may play a role in the association. Continue reading >>
Diabetes And Arthritis: Is There A Connection?
Diabetes mellitus (also known as ‘sugar’ diabetes) interferes with the body’s ability to use sugar. It is a long-term condition requiring treatment by diet, pills and often injections of insulin. Generally doctors recognise two types of diabetes. Type I typically occurs in younger people and often requires treatment with insulin. Type 2 occurs in older overweight people and is treated with tablets but there can be a lot of overlap between the two types. There is often a family history of diabetes in both. Early symptoms of diabetes include thirst and passing a lot of urine, and some people lose a lot of weight. The problems with handling sugar, and specifically high blood sugar levels, can eventually lead to complications in the blood vessels, kidneys, eyes, and the nerves to the hands and feet. These complications can be delayed and minimised by controlling the blood sugar with treatment. People with diabetes are also prone to a number of musculoskeletal complications but the relationship between these complications and the diabetic control is not clear. Many of these problems are not unique to diabetes but occur more frequently in this condition. This short article describes the complications and offers advice on treatment and prevention. Shoulder problems Shoulder pain is probably the most common musculoskeletal disorder which I see associated with diabetes. Specifically the shoulder becomes stiff and painful due to inflammation and thickening of the tissue surrounding the shoulder joint – sometimes known as frozen shoulder. The pain may start following a minor injury or just come out of the blue. Typically the pain builds up to a constant nagging pain which limits the movement of the joint and causes sleep disturbance. The pain is worse in the first 3 months Continue reading >>
Diabetes And Osteoarthritis Often Overlap
With age, both diabetes and osteoarthritis become more common. Are these conditions connected? If you have diabetes, osteoarthritis (OA) or both, you are in good company. Many people have these health conditions, and they become even more common with age. Almost 26 percent of Americans age 65 and older have diabetes and close to 34 percent have OA (the wearing down of cartilage in joints). Not surprisingly, diabetes and OA often co-exist. Almost half of people with diabetes also have OA. Continue reading >>
