Diabetes Insipidus Is Caused By Quizlet

Multiple Choice Quiz

(See related pages) Please answer all questions 1 Cerebrospinal fluid, fluid within the eyes, joints, and body cavities, and fluid secretions of exocrine glands are all classified specifically as ______________ fluid. 2 What are the two major factors that regulate the movement of water and electrolytes from one fluid compartment to the next? B) osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect the increase in osmotic pressure of body fluids and signal the posterior pituitary to release ADH C) chemoreceptors in the renal tubule sense the increased viscosity of renal filtrate and signal the hypothalamus which, in turn, signals the posterior pituitary D) the juxtaglomerular apparatus senses the greater osmotic pressure in the blood and triggers the release of ADH 4 How does alcohol function as a diuretic? B) Alcohol receptors in the liver sense its presence and trigger a biochemical pathway that increases urine output to rid the body of alcohol. D) Alcohol prevents the distal convoluted tubule from reabsorbing water from the filtrate. 5 A so-called "salt craving" is primarily the result of _________________. 6 _______________ ions account for nearly 90% of the positively charged ions found in extracellular fluid. 7 The hormone aldosterone regulates the concentrations of _____________ and ______________ in the body. 8 Edema can be caused by all of these factors except ________________. 9 The imbalance known as ____________ can be caused by certain diuretic medications. 10 Which of the following does not occur as a result of a shift in the acid- base balance of the body? 12 The three most important buffer systems in body fluids include the bicarbonate buffer system, the ______________ buffer system, and the protein buffer system. 13 How is it possible for the rate and depth of breath Continue reading >>

Ch. 22 Questions

Sort A patient who is diagnosed with a closed head injury has a urine output of 6 to 8 L/day. Electrolytes are within normal limits, but his ADH level is low. Although he has had no intake for 4 hours, no change in his polyuria level has occurred. These symptoms support a diagnosis of Neurogenic diabetes insipidus A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dl; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K+) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na+) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency? Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis Continue reading >>

Ati Med Surg Book Review Diabetes Insipidus

Sort Thyroid Storm Nursing -Maintain airway -cardiac monitoring -admin acetaminophen (NOT Asprin) -Apply ice or cool sponge to axilla and groin area -Admin Propylthiouracil -Admin Propranolol -Admin small doses of insulin for hyperglycemia -O2 Tx Hypoglycemia -15 g Carb: 4 oz OJ 2 oz grape juice 8oz milk -reckeck in 15 min -if still low give another 15g -if within normal limits take 7 g protein (if next meal is an hour away): 1 oz cheese 2 T peanut butter 8 oz milk Postoperative Nursing Care -Assist with deep breathing and coughing Q 1-2 hrs and provide pillow so that pt can splint abdominal incision if necessary -Reposition Q 2 hrs -Apply compression stockings -monitor for calf pain -encourage fluids -provide analgesia 30 min before ambulation or painful procedure -monitor I/O for less than 30ml/hr -NPO until gag reflex -report signs of infection at incision site Nursing Care Meningitis -Isolate as soon as suspected -Droplet precautions -private room -wear mask within 3 ft -use designated pt equipment -implement fever reducing measures (cooling blanket) -report meningococcal to public health dept. -decrease environmental stimuli -HOB raised 30 degrees -seizure precautions -prophylactic antibiotics given to individuals in close contact w/ pt. During A Seizure.. -move furniture -hold pt head on lap if on the floor -turn on their side -be prepared to suction -loosen restrictive clothing -no not attempt to restrain -do not put anything in pt mouth -document duration Pt and family education Alzheimer education on home safety: - remove scatter rugs - alarms on doors -lock on water heater/ thermostat - good lighting, mattress on the floor - clear clutter - keep cleaning supplies locked up - medical identification bracelet. Nursing Care CVA -HOB 30 degrees to reduce ICP -seizu Continue reading >>

Diabetes Insipidus

A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute urine, and excessive thirst. A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute urine, and excessive thirst. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as adh or vasopressin) secreted by the neurohypophysis, impaired kidney response to adh, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst. A disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of urine, accompanied by excessive thirst. Causes include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone or failure of the kidneys to respond to antidiuretic hormone. It may also be drug-related. Diabetes insipidus (di) causes frequent urination. You become extremely thirsty, so you drink. Then you urinate. This cycle can keep you from sleeping or even make you wet the bed. Your body produces big volumes of urine that are almost all water.di is different from diabetes mellitus (dm), which involves insulin problems and high blood sugar. The symptoms can be similar; however, di is related to how your kidneys handle fluids. It's much less common than dm. Urine and blood tests can show which one you have.usually, di is caused by a problem with your pituitary gland or your kidneys. Treatment depends on the cause of the problem. Medicines can often help. Metabolic disorder due to injury of the neurohypophyseal system; results in deficient quanity of antidiuretic hormone being released or produced, failure of tubular reabsorption of water in the kidney. Continue reading >>

Diabetes Insipidus/thyroid

Sort Decelerated growth Constipation Sleepiness Myxedematous skin changes Dry skin Sparse hair Periorbital edema, are all manifestations of congenital hypothyroidism Continue reading >>

Pharmacology Iii Quiz Review--diabetes Insipidus

Sort Diabetes is a term designated to diseases that: a) cause an over-excretion of urine b) only cause irregular blood glucose levels c) are only caused by a protein disorder in the kidneys d) cause an under-excretion of urine e) A and D a) over-excretion of urine Select all that are TRUE about ADH: a) is produced by the anterior pituitary b) is produced by the posterior pituitary c) concentrates urine while diluting plasma d) encourages passive reabsorption via aquaporins e) works in the proximal tubule b, c, d A is false; ADH is secreted by AP E is false; collecting duct An increase in ADH will have what effect(s) on urine: a) increased osmolarity, decreased volume b) increased osmolarity, increased plasma volume c) decreased osmolarity, decreased volume d) decreased osmolarity, increased volume a) increased osmolarity, decreased volume Why? More ADH = more aquaporins = more water uptake This concentrates urine by decreasing volume Which aquaporin channels are found on the apical side of collecting duct epithelia? a) AQP2 b) APQ3 c) APQ 4 d) B and C e) A and B a) APQ2 only (3 and 4 are on basal side) APQ2 faces inside toward the filtrate; water enters here first, before being transported into the plasma by APQ3 and 4 Continue reading >>

Endocrine Disorders

Sort The major Endocrine Glands Hypothalamus Thymus Pituitary Gland Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Gland Gonads Pancreas Adrenal Gland Anterior pituitary Hormones Growth hormone (GH) -promotes growth Thyroid hormone (TSH)- stimulates secretion of TH Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH)- stimulates adrenal cortex glucocorticoids Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)- stimulates ovary development and egg and sperm production Luteinizing hormone (LH)- stimulates ovulation and secretion of sex hormones in males and females Prolactin (PH) - stimulates breast milk production Anterior Pituitary Gland -Hyperpituitarism Growth Hormone is produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland stimulates the growth of the epiphyseal plates of the long bones and is necessary for skeletal and muscle growth Gigantism- excess secretion of GH before puberty and the closure of the epiphyseal plates Dwarfism - short structure- occurs from inadequate production of GH during childhood Acromegaly- enlargement of bones and connective tissue- develops during adulthood from hypersecretion of GH. (with over growth of tissue in the hands and feet clients require larger shoes and gloves, rings, enlarged forhead protruding jaw) Hyperthyroidism -Graves Disease most common cause of Hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune disorder. inbalance of metabolism, over ptoduction of PTH more often inadults Increased production of TH results in enlargement of thyroid gland- goiter exopthalamos foward protruding eyes Inability to close eyelids completely over eyeballs risk of infection, corneal dryness, ulceration Treatment does not reverse eye changes hyperparathyroidism Patho/ manifestation: The increase in PTH causes calcium to leave the bones and enter the blood, resulting in hypercalcemia making bone become weak and fragile Continue reading >>

Diabetes Insipidus

Sort Diabetes insipidus (DI) is an uncommon condition that occurs when the kidneys are unable to conserve water as they perform their function of filtering blood. The amount of water conserved is controlled by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin. ADH is a hormone produced in a region of the brain called the hypothalamus. It is then stored and released from the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain. DI caused by a lack of ADH is called central diabetes insipidus. When DI is caused by a failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH, the condition is called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Central diabetes insipidus can be caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland as a result of: Head injury DI Continue reading >>

Ch 21 Patho

Sort 1. The effects of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) include solute: a. retention and water retention. b. retention and water loss. c. dilution and water retention. d. dilution and water loss. dilution and water retention. 2. The most common cause of elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion is: a. ectopically produced ADH. b. inflammation of the hypothalamus. c. posterior pituitary tumor. d. inflammation of the nephrons ectopically produced ADH. 3. Which of the following laboratory values would the nurse expect to find if a person is experiencing syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? a. Hypernatremia and urine hypo-osmolality b. Serum K+ 5 and urine hyperosmolality c. Serum Na+ 120 and serum hypo-osmolality d. Hypokalemia and serum hyperosmolality Serum Na+ 120 and serum hypo-osmolality 4. Diabetes insipidus is a result of: a. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion. b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hypersecretion. c. insulin hyposecretion. d. insulin hypersecretion antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion. 5. A man with a closed head injury has a urine output of 6 to 8 L/day. Electrolytes are within normal limits but his antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level is low. Although he has had no intake for 4 hours, there is no change in his polyuria. These are indications of: a. neurogenic diabetes insipidus. b. syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). c. psychogenic polydipsia. d. osmotically induced diuresis neurogenic diabetes insipidus 6. Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone all exhibit which of the following symptoms? a. Polyuria b. Edema c. Vomiting d. Thirst Thirst 7. The cause of neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) is related to an organic lesion of th Continue reading >>

Pathophysiology Chapter 16

Sort Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by: A. Decreased effectiveness of insulin B. A genetic mutation that causes overproduction of insulin C. A breakdown of insulin by toxic enzymes D. A lack of insulin production by the pancreas D. A lack of insulin production by the pancreas A disorder of the adrenal glands caused by an excessive amount of glucocorticoids such as hydrocorisone or cortisol is called: A. Klinefelter's syndrome B. Phenyleketonuria C. Cushing's syndrome D. Celiac disease C. Cushing's syndrome Benign adenomas, the most common cause of pituitary disorders, lead to two groups of manifestations: A. Decreased intracranial pressure caused by obstruction and decrease of neural activity B. Increased intracranial pressure and effect on hormone secretion C. Effect on sensory organs and progressive renal failure D. Erosion of cognitive skills and overstimulation of sympathetic nervous system B. Increased intracranial pressure and effect on hormone secretion The part of the adrenal gland that releases epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine (noradrenalin) upon stimulation is the: A. Adrenal ducts B. Adrenal medulla C. Adrenal cortex D. Adrenal lamellae B. Adrenal medulla Hypoparathyroidism may be caused by: A. Problems following surgery, an autoimmune disorder, or congenital defects B. Heavy exposure to UV, systemic infections, or hypersensitivity reactions C. Developmental defects, a deficient diet, or exposure to toxic chemicals D. Infection, trauma, or an autoimmune disorder A. Problems following surgery, an autoimmune disorder, or congenital defects The most common cause of an endocrine disorder is the development of: A. Ionic imbalance B. A significant trauma C. An adenoma D. Exposure to extreme emotional stresses C. An adenoma A severe form of hypothyroid Continue reading >>

Diabetes Insipidus

Sort Nursing Assessments Monitor VS, urinary output, central venous pressure, I&O, specific gravity, and lab studies (K, Na, BUN, creatinine, specific gravity, and osmality). Weigh the client daily Promote prescribed diet. IV therapy Promote safety Add bulk foods and fruit juices to the diet if constipation develops. The client may require a mild laxative Assess skin turgor and mucous membranes Continue reading >>

Clinical Medicine (quizlet)

45 concepts, including: Presenting chief complainst, Pertinent history, Physical exam, Mastitis, Treatment of mastitis, Breast abscess – clinical presentation, Treatment (BA), Papilloma, Duct Ectasia, Treatment (DE), Galactocele, Galactocele clinical pres 23 concepts, including: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Acute Myeloid Leukemia, S/S (acute), Most common pathogens (acute), Physical Exam (acute), Hallmark lab finding (acute), lab findings in acute leukemia, first step of treatment (acute) 21 concepts, including: who gets primary hyperaldosteronism more often, unilateral adrenocortical adenoma, bilateral cortical hyperplasia, will primary hyperaldosteronism cause increased or decreased urine production, what drugs must be stopped to try and diagnoses prim hyperaldost. 33 concepts, including: Myasthenia Gravis, Who most commonly get’s Myasthenia Gravis?, What plays a role in Myasthenia Gravis?, Classic signs of MG, What drugs trigger myasthenia gravis?, When does myasthenia gravis get deadly?, Test for myasthenia gravis 27 concepts, including: addison’s is a deficiency or hypersecretion disorder?, what three things are deficient in addisons, will primary or secondary adrenal failure have excess potassium, what pituitary horomone will be increased in addisons 50 concepts, including: T4 is produced by?, T3 is produced by?, Function of thyroid hormones, What is released from the hypothalamus and the pituitary?, What drug is associated with hyperthyroid and hypothyroid?, What’s the most common cause of hypothyroid? 18 concepts, including: what is the by-product of muscle metabolism, what is normal GFR for men and women, azotemia, Left ventricular heart failure is most likely to cause which type of renal failure, what type of renal failure will cause a >20:1 BUN Continue reading >>

Chapter 25

Sort Characteristics of Cushing's syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT: The following are included - heavy body and round face - atrophied skeletal muscle in the limbs - atrophy of the lymph nodes STARING EYES WITH INFREQUENT BLINKING page 566 The anterior pituitary gland secretes all of the following hormones EXCEPT: The following is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland: - prolactain (PRL) - adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - growth hormone (GH) - antidiuretic hormone GLUCAGON Continue reading >>

Diabetes Insipidus

Sort Comparing SIADH and Diabetes Insipidus SIADH: -excessive ADH -Fluid volume excess -Restrict fluid intake <800mL/day -Demelocycline (Declomycin PO); causes excessive urination Diabetes Insipidus: -Deficient ADH -Fluid Volume deficit -encourage fluid intake -Desmopressin (DDAVP nasal); causes increased water reabsorption Continue reading >>

Diabetes Insipidus And Siadh

Sort 3 Mechanism where DI arises 1. Deficiency of VP: o hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (HDI) 2. Renal resistance to the antidiuretic action of VP: o nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) 3. Inappropriate, excessive water drinking: o dipsogenic diabetes insipidus (DDI) Hypothalamic DI Primary (Genetic) - Wolfram syndrome - AD - AR Secondary o Developmental syndromes - Septo-optic dysplasia - Lawrence-Moon-Biedel Syndrome o Trauma - Head injury - Post surgery (transcranial transphenoidal) oTumor - Craniopharyngioma - pinealoma - germinoma - metastases - pituitary macroadenoma o Inflammatory - Granulonulomas - Sarcoidosis - Histiocytosis - Meningitis - Infundibulo-neurohypophysitis - GBS o Vascular - Aneurysm - Infarction ( Sheehan syndrome; Sickle cell disease) o Pregnancy Nephrogenic DI Primary (Genetic) - X-linked recessive (V2-R defect) - Autosomal recessive (AQP2 defect) - Autosomal dominant (AQP2 defect) Secondary o Idiopathic o Chronic renal disease - Polycystic kidneys - Obstructive uropathy o Metabolic disease - Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia o Drug induced - Lithium - Demeclocyclin o Osmotic diuretics - Glucose - Mannitol o Systemic disorders - Amyloidosis - Myelomatosis Causes of Hypothalamic Diabetes Insipidus • Hypophysectomy • surgery to remove suprasellar tumors • Idiopathic • Familial • Histiocytosis • Infections • Autoimmune • Acquired Rare: o Tumor (pituitary macroadenoma, craniopharyngioma, metastatic carcinoma) o Granulomata (sarcoid, eosinophilic granuloma) o Infection (pyogenic or tuberculous basal meningitis, encephalitis) o Vascular Prepartum Hypotension o Aneurysm o External Irradaiation Types of DI Types: • Central, Neurogenic or Pituitary DI (hypothalamic) • Nephrogenic DI Genetic (congenital) Acquired Drugs • Primary DI Gestat Continue reading >>