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Connection Between Lyme Disease And Diabetes

Diabetes Triggered By Lyme?

Diabetes Triggered By Lyme?

hey all! I have spoken with a couple loved ones who have diabetes, and it seems like I have it. I know there are many types, so I'm going to try to get tested sometime during this week. All of my symptoms line up- cold to touch legs/ feet numb, incontinence and frequent night urination, extreme thirst, low vitamin D, feeling fatigued and like "I'm gonna die" after eating carbs or even the tiniest amount of sugar (carrots/blueberries). Also I have vision problems and extreme hair loss. I also get a big burst of energy when eating protein. I know these are all symptoms of Lyme, but I know people are out there that have both, because diabetes can be triggered by an illness. I am adamant about reversing the condition, whether it's type l1 or type 2, and I know I can do it because (thankfully) I know the root of the problem- LYME. I feel so blessed to know how to fix it. My question is how do you know basing off symptoms if it's type 1 or 2? I am terrified of type 1, but know it's plausible because it's an autoimmune condition. If anyone could please help me out, I would appreciate it! Making an appt with a primary doc on Monday and I'm also going to make the dreaded appointment with my llmd (expensive!!!). Any help in the meantime would mean the world! Are your numbers high? And you should have the AC1 test. The glucose tolerance test is also something you could request. It is based on your numbers...even if you don't seem to have symptoms. But, your frequent thirst, having to urinate often...for sure are symptoms. They also should check your cholesterol, triglycerides....that's what my husband was told - they are inter-related. If you are overweight, that is a significant risk factor...you should do what you can to lose it (I know, not an easy task) Also, don't eat a lot Continue reading >>

"lyme Disease And Blood Sugar": Diabetes Community - Support Group

Flutetooter, I have photography and hiking friends that "always" make light of the fact I "worry" about ticks. I just spray my pant legs and jacket if I'm in a high tick area. I have friends check me over. I know someone who got very sick from a tick bite, so I'm extra careful. Thanks for sharing your story. It makes me know that I'm doing the right thing for myself. Laurie Anderson, MSN, RNP, CDOE responded: Hi, glad you found the answer! This doesn't surpise me a bit, because of the stress physiologically on your body. Any infection will do this, and this is especially true if you have a fever, which is typical of the tick illnesses. These include Lyme, Babesisia, and Anaplasma (Erlichia). You are absolutely right on to watch for ticks after any outdoor activities! Take care, Laurie DoloresClaesson replied to Laurie Anderson, MSN, RNP, CDOE 's response: 'Lymies...I would get all these tests...Western Blot for Borrelia, also test for Borrelia hermsii, and Babesia duncani and microti and Quest can test for duncani, Bartonella henselae and quintana, Brucella, Tularemia, Coxiella burnetti or Q fever, many rickettsias ie Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Typhus, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, EBV, CMV, all Coxsackie viruses, and now Powassan virus and its cousin Deer Tick Virus, HSV 1 and 2, HHV 1-8 if available. Parvovirus B -19 papillomaviruses, Toxoplasmosis, Chlamydias and Mycoplasmas and get genetic tests for hypercoagulation like Mthfr and Factor V leiden, and test all your IgG subclasses 1-4, and CD 57 and C3a and C4a and CBS mutations and HPU/KPU and mold testing since so many of us have issues with mold. ECP or eoisonophil cationic protein seems to suggest to docs that you have babesia. Also transfer growth factor b-1 and Beta Strep. High CD 57 counts may be a Continue reading >>

Causes Of And Solutions For Blood Sugar Imbalance In Lyme Disease

Causes Of And Solutions For Blood Sugar Imbalance In Lyme Disease

Other reasons for low blood sugar in those with Lyme disease include: 1) Low levels of Vitamin B6. This vitamin is strongly involved in gluconeogenesis, or the creation of glucose from proteins. While many people with Lyme disease have vitamin deficiencies, these are exacerbated by long-term use of antibiotics. These drugs are especially good at depleting the body of B-vitamins, so ensuring an adequate intake of nutrients is important while taking certain antibiotic medications. 2) Not having enough intracellular magnesium in the cells. Insulin, the hormone that unlocks the cell door so that it can receive glucose, works more effectively when the cells have sufficient magnesium. Taking magnesium glycinate or another readily absorbable form of magnesium may help to balance blood sugar levels, as the cells are made more sensitive to insulin, and therefore, to receiving the sugar they need. But avoid taking too much calcium, as this can exacerbate the problem. 3) Having kidneys that are stressed by disease or too many medications. The kidneys release hormones that are also involved in blood sugar regulation, so taking care of the kidneys, by drinking lots of water, and taking herbal teas or homeopathic remedies to keep them functioning well while on antibiotics may have a beneficial impact upon blood sugar levels. 4) pH imbalances. When the body is too acidic or too alkaline, blood sugar levels are negatively impacted. Taking steps to restore pH levels to normal, by making smart dietary choices, may also be helpful. 5) Taking Mepron or certain types of anti-depressants. Mepron causes "abnormally low blood sugar" in 11% of those who take it (My experience has been that drug companies tend to underestimate the percentage of people who experience side effects from medication Continue reading >>

Truthaboutlymedisease.com

Truthaboutlymedisease.com

Do you think that someone who has been diagnosed with Diabetes .. could have Lyme instead? I was asked by a coworker today this question and I really didn't have an answer. Just curious. How many of you have Diabetes on top of Lyme? The LORD is the everlasting God, the Creator of all the earth. He never grows weak or weary. No one can measure the depths of his understanding. He gives power to the weak and strength to the powerless. Even youths will become weak and tired, and young men will fall in exhaustion. But those who trust in the LORD will find new strength. They will soar high on wings like eagles. They will run and not grow weary. They will walk and not faint. Isaiah 40:28-31 Well I went to Canlyme - they always have the answer or so it seems. Ironically, at their Candian board someone asked the same exact question - here were the 2 pages of responses: ... 8aeb8580ea Also another link there "Other Diseases and Lyme Relationship" : (You might notice they have the old style forum....they need to upgrade! Join us on Facebook and connect with other Lyme patients: ... 2524317756 Follow us on Twitter Truth About Lyme Disease Home Page: Truth About Lyme Disease Video : Always check w/your MD regarding advice given by me or any member at this forum & any articles & info. at this site. Site disclaimer: viewtopic.php?f=6&t=16 Ha...look what else I just found at Wrong diagnosis: "Lyme disease is difficult to diagnose, especially if the characteristic skin rash around the tick bite is absent. Lyme disease is one of a group of conditions with vague symptoms such as fatigue, aches, or malaise. In mild cases, people may not even seek medical advice unless symptoms become more severe. Lyme disease may need to be distinguished from fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, Type 2 Continue reading >>

The Root Cause Of Type 1 Diabetes Could Be A Common Childhood Viral Infection

The Root Cause Of Type 1 Diabetes Could Be A Common Childhood Viral Infection

A young child becomes very thirsty very often and seems tired all the time. A visit to the pediatrician determines she has type 1 diabetes. The onset of type 1 diabetes may seem sudden, and it can be, but the disease may actually have been triggered by common childhood viruses years earlier. Type 1 diabetes—also called diabetes mellitus—was previously called juvenile-onset diabetes because most people affected with this disease are diagnosed as children and young adults. It isn't the most common form of diabetes and only 5% of people with diabetes have type 1. That doesn't make it any less serious—in fact, it can be a life-threatening disease. When we eat something, our body converts carbohydrates and starches in the food into sugar (glucose), which is then processed by our bodies to either be used or stored for later. People with type 1 diabetes have trouble keeping their blood sugar level even: It spikes when they eat something and goes very low if they don't. That's because their pancreas doesn't make insulin, the hormone that in a healthy human moves glucose from the blood into cells where it can be used for energy, keeping it from spiking after eating. Type 1 diabetics must constantly monitor their blood sugar and take insulin to keep their levels within a normal range to keep this process running. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease, a disease where the body forms antibodies to itself and attacks parts of its own body. In this case, antibodies are formed to the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas and destroys them. Experts believe type 1 diabetes may be caused by a genetic risk factors and environmental factors, including viruses. A viral link to type 1 diabetes is one of the findings in a new study led by Hanna Honkanen and Heikki Hyöty in th Continue reading >>

Lyme Disease And Diabetes Type 1 Treatment

Lyme Disease And Diabetes Type 1 Treatment

NEW modern technology - activating autologous own stem cells and replacing the damaged cells Patients satisfied with the stem cells therapy I hope you are all well. Things are great here - my sleep is a lot better 6 hour stretches now and able to get back to sleep when disturbed, all without drugs for first time in 27 years. My legs are getting stronger thanks to the wonderful Physio and exercises. I can see a day in the near future when I wont need a stick. My digestion is a lot better so no unconfortable tummy aches. I am a lot calmer and thinking clearer, the stress of illness has gone from my face which a lot of people have noticed, saying I look so well. I, will keep reporting, I am so happy (I thought I would never be well again but I am. Thanks to all of you). Have a great Christmas all at Belgrade. Love Would you please pass on the following messages to my dear friends at the Moscow clinic. Please say hello to Katya and Liluba, who looked after me with such love and care, I will never forget their kindness. Hello to Tanya (no pain, normal). A special thanks to Alexandria with much love and best wishes for her future. I regret I didn't have the chance to say goodbye and thank you to Vitaliy Nikitin for all he did for me. Could you thank him from the bottom of my heart for his kindness and caring. There were just too many others to list individually here, but I would like to send a big thank you to all the staff who showed such love and kindness to myself and Denyse during our stay. Our stay at the clinic felt like being part of a large and loving family and I will cherish that memory forever. Uro is staying healthy and happy and there are some changes in his condition. He is using a real toilet now; he do more things by himself - like taking clothes and shoes on Continue reading >>

Lyme Disease Treatment, Test & Symptoms

Lyme Disease Treatment, Test & Symptoms

Lyme disease , sometimes referred to as Lyme infection or borreliosis, is a bacterial illness, transmitted to humans by the bite of deer ticks (Ixodes ticks) carrying a bacterium known as Borrelia burgdorferi. The disease has been reported in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, North Central, and Pacific coastal regions of the United States (see map) and in Europe, where it was first described almost 100 years ago. It is most prevalent in the northeastern and Midwestern states of the U.S., with about 96% of reported cases occurring in 14 states, including Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Doctors at New Haven's Yale Medical Center first described and named Lyme disease in the U.S. in 1977, after an unexpected number of residents in Lyme, Conn., were found to have a "new" and unusual illness. What Are Lyme Disease Causes and Risk Factors? B. burgdorferi bacteria cause Lyme disease . The bacteria have a complex life cycle, spending part of their life in the deer tick and part in some mammals such as mice and deer. Humans are not a part of the bacterium's life cycle but can become infected when bitten by the tick. Lyme disease is not contagious and cannot be passed from person to person. While dogs and cats can get Lyme disease, there are no reported cases of these animals spreading the disease to their owners. However, dogs and cats can bring the infected ticks into the home, which is one reason why tick protection for pets is important. Talk to a veterinarian about the right type of tick control for any pets. Risk factors for getting Lyme disease include the following: Living in the northeastern or Midwestern U.S. states where the disease is most p Continue reading >>

Stabilizing Blood Sugar During A Season Of Sweets

Stabilizing Blood Sugar During A Season Of Sweets

Hypoglycemia and Lyme Disease The first symptom of tick-borne illness that I experienced was one I’d never heard of: hypoglycemia. I was working as a summer camp counselor in the woods of Maine and had just finished a morning teaching water sports in the hot sun. As I walked into the dining hall for lunch, I suddenly felt the room was spinning. The chatting campers morphed into a blur of color. I sensed the blood draining from my face and grabbed onto a bench before my legs gave out. Friends held my arms and got me to an adjacent counselors’ room, where I lay down on a couch. “You must be dehydrated,” one said. I shook my head and said, “I’ve been drinking water all morning.” Despite lying down, I still felt like I might faint. My palms were sweaty and my heart raced. One counselor put her hand on my foot as a gesture of reassurance. I panicked. “I can’t feel your hand,” I cried as my whole body started to shake. “My feet are numb!” What I could feel, however, was a plastic spoon that had suddenly been placed in my mouth. I tasted the sweet syrup of blueberry pie. “Eat this,” I heard the camp nurse say. Dutifully, I swallowed spoonful after spoonful. Within minutes, my body calmed down. Sensation returned to my extremities. I stopped sweating, and my heart stopped racing. My cheeks flushed, and the blurry faces came back into view. The nurse held my hand and said soothingly, “You had a low blood sugar reaction. You need to get checked for diabetes.” Tests showed that I was not diabetic, but I was hypoglycemic, a condition I’d never heard of before. I learned that after a meal is consumed, food breaks down into glucose, releasing insulin from the pancreas to give a person energy. For most people, when their supply of energy is low, gluca Continue reading >>

Five Things You Need To Know About Lyme Disease

Five Things You Need To Know About Lyme Disease

We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. I know, I know, this is a diabetes blog. But those of you who follow me regularly are probably aware that a new chronic illness has entered our lives Lyme disease. My husband was diagnosed shortly after we returned from Germany last summer, and it's turning out to be a much more formidable opponent than we originally thought. 1. The disease is named after the village of Lyme, Connecticut, where a bunch unusual arthritis cases were reported in 1975. The cause of the disease was not known until 1982 (!), when a researcher named Willy Burgdorfer identified that it was carried by ticks and involved at least three species of bacteria. 2. So it's a pretty "young" disease in the medical world, and also a very nebulous one. To this day it appears to be chronically ignored and misdiagnosed (four doctors told my husband he didn't have it, until we found a specialist who confirmed that we had a "classic case" on our hands). 3. Even with lots and lots of antibiotics (believe me, there are many and you need to take them for months on end), the challenge is to kill off the various co-infections that are also carried by ticks and very often infect people who get Lyme. Our doctor tells us that these other bacterial and parasitic {insert gagging noise} infections "serve to protect the Lyme, making it harder to kill off the core infection." 4. Untreated, at least a first, it makes you feel like you have a horrible ongoing case of jet lag like it's always 3am and you just can't "get your head together" for days on end. Or at least that's how my husband described it. Even weeks after starting the meds, he had trouble concentrating, and sle Continue reading >>

I'm Relatively Fit And Active, Got Lyme And Now Pre-diabetes.

I'm Relatively Fit And Active, Got Lyme And Now Pre-diabetes.

Diabetes Forum The Global Diabetes Community Find support, ask questions and share your experiences. Join the community I'm relatively fit and active, got Lyme and now pre-diabetes. Hi, I've been very low on energy for many years and have always forced myself to remain as fit and active as possible. 2 years ago I was barely able to function as a living/working person and was diagnosed with Lyme Disease. I've been on intensive treatment for the last couple of years and many of my Lyme symptoms have improved (but not all). I had a blood screen last week for my fatigue, which at the time was so severe I could barely stand up, talk (I really struggled with my work as a teacher). I was told that I have pre-diabetes and that I had to eat less sugar and exercise more. In was very surprised to hear this because I eat virtually no sugar anyway (It brings out my Lyme), I virtually never eat anything with white flour, white rice or white pasta, and in fact, minimise my intake of brown rice, pasta and bread. I eat a reasonable amount of fruit, but not lots, I cut down on this as a known source of sugar when I started fighting the Lyme. I am reasonably fit, 5'11" and 76kg and exercise as much as I can, probably more than average for my age despite my illness. I drink virtually nothing, a little drink once a month or so. This makes me think... many symptoms of Lyme and diabetes overlap, many of my symptoms of Lyme have virtually gone, such as the painful joints, nerve pain, terrible headaches etc, but I still feel very run-down and sometimes quite miserable. As I've been diagnosed with pre-diabetes WHILST already severely restricting sugar and unhealthy lifestyle, how bad would it be if I were eating sugar, sat around and drinking? Is it possible that I have full diabetes, but it on Continue reading >>

Suppl 1: Chronic Lyme Disease And Co-infections: Differential Diagnosis

Suppl 1: Chronic Lyme Disease And Co-infections: Differential Diagnosis

1. Eskow E, Rao RV, Mordechai E. Concurrent infection of the central nervous system by Borrelia burgdorferi and Bartonella henselae:evidence for a noveltick-borne disease complex. Arch Neurol. 2001;58(9):135763. [ PubMed ] 2. Grab DJ, Nyarko E, Barat NC, Nikolskaia OV, Dumler JS. Anaplasma phagocytophilum-Borrelia burgdorferi co-infection enhances chemokine, cytokine, and matrix metalloprotease expression by human brainmicrovascular endothelial cells. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007;14(11):14204. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] 3. Mitchell PD, Reed KD, Hofkes JM. Immunoserologic evidence of co-infectionwith Borreliaburgdorferi, Babesia microti, and human granulocytic Ehrlichia species in residents of Wisconsin and Minnesota. J Clin Microbiol. 1996;34(3):7247. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] 4. Oleson CV, Sivalingam JJ, ONeill BJ, Staas WE., Jr Transverse myelitis secondary to coexistent Lyme disease and babesiosis. J Spinal Cord Med. 2003;26(2):16871. [ PubMed ] 5. Owen DC. Is Lyme disease always poly microbial?--The jigsaw hypothesis. Med Hypotheses. 2006;67(4):8604. [ PubMed ] 6. Swanson SJ, Neitzel D, Reed KD, Belongia EA. Co-infections acquired from ixodes ticks. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19(4):70827. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] 7. Thomas V, Anguita J, Barthold SW, Fikrig E. Co-infection with Borrelia burgdorferi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis alters murine immune responses, pathogen burden, and severity of Lyme arthritis. Infect Immun. 2001;69(5):335971. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] 8. Zeidner NS, Dolan MC, Massung R, Piesman J, Fish D. Co-infection with Borrelia burgdorferi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosissuppresses IL-2 and IFN gamma production and promotes an IL-4 responsein C3H/HeJ mice. Parasite Immunol. 2000;22(11):5818. [ Continue reading >>

Diabetes Update: A Lesson From People With Lyme Disease

Diabetes Update: A Lesson From People With Lyme Disease

There was an interesting story in the news last week about how people with Lyme Disease organized and brought so much legal pressure on the Infections Disease Society--the organization that provides treatment guidelines for infectious disease--that the IDS was forced to agree to reconsider the recommendations it puts out for the diagnosis and treatment of Lyme Disease. You can read about it here: Doctors to Reassess Antibiotics for 'Chronic Lyme Disease' . The background on this story is that the doctors who make up the IDS have continued to deny that there is such a thing as Chronic Lyme Disease or that it should be treated with aggressive antibiotic campaigns despite the experience of many sufferers from Lyme Disease who have developed long term disease syndromes that responded dramatically to the antibiotic treatment. Because the official treatment guidelines claim that chronic Lyme Disease does not exist and discourage antibiotic treatment for it, people with Lyme Disease cannot get insurance coverage for their treatments, to say nothing of being unable to get their doctors to prescribe the drugs that other people with Lyme Disease have found so helpful. Does this remind you of anything we people with diabetes go through? Like, perhaps, the way that the American Diabetes Association--a wholly owned subsidiary of Big Pharma and the large junk food companies--has taken to itself the role of defining not only the diagnostic criteria for diabetes but also the blood sugar targets doctors are told to recommend as well as what the drugs and dietary approaches those doctors should prescribe? The ADA's criteria and treatment recommendations hurt every single person with diabetes, but because they are the official treatment standards, no doctor can be sued for following them Continue reading >>

Lyme Disease And Its Co-infections

Lyme Disease And Its Co-infections

Lyme Syndrome was first discovered and named in 1977. It was named in the United States when an inflammatory arthritis was observed in a cluster of children in and around Old Lyme, Connecticut. About 20,000 cases are reported per year, but underreporting is a major issue. Only 10% of the cases are reported to the CDC, making the annual incidence at least 180,000 cases per year. The total number of cases are estimated in the millions. Lyme Disease is known as the great imposter or great masquerader. It mimics over 350 different medical conditions including but not limited to: Rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, Lupus, vasculitis, chronic neck pain, chronic back pain, multiple sclerosis, Lou Gehrigs disease, dementia, Alzheimers, chronic headache, migraines, irritable bowel, ulcerative colitis, Crohns, interstitial cystitis, chronic sinusitis, chronic bronchitis, and asthma. Also noted are depression and other hormonal imbalances. The tick geographic penetration which transmits Lyme is most common in northeastern states, but at the present time its prevalence is nationwide and worldwide, reported from every state. Borrelia, which is Lyme, and the other tick-born pathogens such as Babesia and Bartonella are transmitted principally through the bite of a tick. The infection rate in tick populations varies by location and from year to year. Many new varieties and genospecies of Borrelia have arisen in recent years due to the organism adapting to its local environment. That is, there are many new emergent species of tick-borne infections, and tests do not exist for all these pathogens. It must also be noted that in addition to ticks, 22% of horseflies, deerflies, and mosquito infection is also a carrier with Lyme and its co-infection in endemic areas Continue reading >>

Diabetes And Lyme Disease.

Diabetes And Lyme Disease.

Can Lyme disease raise blood sugar? since the rash my blood sugar has been very high and seems to coincide with the tick bite. I was just diagnosed with Lyme today (the bulls eye rash started 2 weeks ago) and am also looking for an answer to your question. Since the rash my blood sugar levels have been higher then normal. Has any other diabetics out there noticed the same problem. Also how does bs react with the antibiotic? Hope we hear from someone. I can't answer your question but I hope someone here can. If not keep asking your Dr. Is he lyme literate? Denise, Thanks for the welcome. I'm not sure how much he knows about lyme disease but as soon as he saw the bullseye rash he jumped right on it. He put me on a 30 day course of doxycycline 100 mg. Sent blood work (and advised me that it might be negative for lyme which I already knew). I don't have the results yet. He will call today. I haven't had any symptoms (well the rash) except for a vague feeling that something was wrong. More tired, irritable, unenthusiastic. Might have nothing to do with lyme but I was interested in rags post about higher blood surgar levels because I have been experiencing the same. I hope to hear from someone who knows. Thanks again. Donna I'm sorry I can't contribute to this conversation either. In all of my readings, I have never seen anything about lyme causing increased blood sugars. Who knows? I hope someone will come along and help you. Keep researching and reading and if I run across anything , I will remember you. I know I am responding 6 months later but thought I would throw in my 2 cents on Lyme and raising blood sugars in diabetics.... Its does. I was diagnosed this past April with Lyme, Bartonella and Babesia and Ive been a Type 1 diabetic for 24 years. Before I was diagnosed m Continue reading >>

Peripheral Neuropathy In Lyme Disease Patients

Peripheral Neuropathy In Lyme Disease Patients

Peripheral neuropathy in Lyme disease patients Reported cases of Lyme disease have been rising steadily over the past 30 years, but its diagnosis can be challenging. Left untreated, patients with Lyme disease can go on to develop neurological symptoms, including those that are characteristic of peripheral neuropathy. Francis Bean, DPM, has been experiencing neurological symptoms in his lower extremities for more than six months. When they arise, he feels a tingling in his hallux, his heels go numb, and he develops a hypersensitivity to temperature and touch that leads to a painful burning sensation. On paper, these sound like common symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathya condition with which Bean, as a podiatrist, is quite familiar. But Bean doesnt have diabetes. His peripheral neuropathy developed as a result of Lyme disease, and in the US, hes one of a growing number of people with similar complications. Lyme borreliosis, or Lyme disease, is a multisystem infectious disease caused in the US by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), which is transmitted almost exclusively through tick bites.1,2 Though cases are concentrated primarily in limited geographic areas where the tick is endemic, Lyme disease is the most commonly reported vector-borne infection in the country, and reported cases of its occurrence have been rising steadily over the past 30 years.3,4 Early diagnosis and treatment are extremely important to stop the progression of Lyme disease, and most patients treated appropriately in the acute phase recover without any residual effects; however, if left untreated, Lyme can go on to cause neurological symptoms, including those that are characteristic of peripheral neuropathy.5-7 Delayed diagnosis occurs because many adults dont recall being bitten by a Continue reading >>

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