Cephalic Phase Of Insulin Release - Medicine Bibliographies - In Harvard Style
Not logged in. Log in or create an account These are the sources and citations used to research cephalic phase of insulin release. This bibliography was generated on Cite This For Me on The Cephalic Insulin Response to Meal Ingestion in Humans Is Dependent on Both Cholinergic and Noncholinergic Mechanisms and Is Important for Postprandial Glycemia Your Bibliography: Ahren, B. and Holst, J. (2001). The Cephalic Insulin Response to Meal Ingestion in Humans Is Dependent on Both Cholinergic and Noncholinergic Mechanisms and Is Important for Postprandial Glycemia. Diabetes, 50(5), pp.1030-1038. Conditioned hypoglycaemia: effect of vagotomy and pharmacological blockade Your Bibliography: Woods, S. (1976). Conditioned hypoglycaemia: effect of vagotomy and pharmacological blockade. Americal Journal of Physiology, 223(6), pp.1424-1427. Validation of tests of completeness of vagotomy in rats 1983 - Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System Your Bibliography: Louis-Sylvestre, J. (1983). Validation of tests of completeness of vagotomy in rats. Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System, 9(1), pp.301-314. Roozendaal, B., Oldenburger, W., Strubbe, J., Koolhaas, J. and Bohus, B. The central amygdala is involved in the conditioned but not in the meal-induced cephalic insulin response in the rat Your Bibliography: Roozendaal, B., Oldenburger, W., Strubbe, J., Koolhaas, J. and Bohus, B. (1990). The central amygdala is involved in the conditioned but not in the meal-induced cephalic insulin response in the rat. Neuroscience Letters, 116(1-2), pp.210-215. Anticipatory physiological regulation in feeding biology: Cephalic phase responses Your Bibliography: Power, M. and Schulkin, J. (2008). Anticipatory physiological regulation in feeding biology: Cephalic phase responses. Appetite, 50(2-3), pp Continue reading >>
Cephalic Phase Insulin Release In Healthy Humans After Taste Stimulation? - Sciencedirect
Volume 51, Issue 3 , November 2008, Pages 622-627 Cephalic phase insulin release in healthy humans after taste stimulation? Author links open overlay panel TinoJusta Get rights and content In humans little is known as to whether taste solutions applied to the tongue elicit cephalic phase insulin release (CPIR). The aim of this study was to re-examine if any effect of different taste solutions on CPIR occurs. Under fasting conditions healthy human subjects sipped, and washed out their mouths with eight taste solutions (sucrose, saccharin, acetic acid, sodium chloride, quinine hydrochloride, distilled water, starch, and sodium glutamate) for 45s and spat them out again. The taste stimuli were not swallowed; they were applied in a randomized order, each on a separate day. Blood collection for determination of plasma glucose and plasma insulin concentrations was performed 3min before and 3, 5, 7 and 10min after taste stimulation. Ratings of quality, intensity and hedonic characteristics were also obtained. A significant increase of plasma insulin concentration was apparent after stimulation with sucrose and saccharin. In conclusion, the current data suggest that the sweeteners sucrose and saccharin activate a CPIR even when applied to the oral cavity only. Continue reading >>
Cephalic Phase Response And Hunger Fasting 18
Home / Fasting , Health and Nutrition , Insulin /Cephalic Phase Response and Hunger Fasting 18 Cephalic Phase Response and Hunger Fasting 18 The relationship between fasting and hunger is, without doubt, the #1 concern we hear. Overcoming hunger seems a daunting task, stemming from a misunderstanding of actual hunger. This is mildly ironic, since my guess is that 95% of us have never, truly been hungry in the sense of starvation, where we did not know when we would be able to eat again. However, I also understand that hunger is one of the most basic human drives/instincts known as the 3 Fs (food, fluids, and procreation). We saw in our last post that much of what we perceive as hunger is actually a learned behaviour, and as such, can be unlearned. Breaking all the conditioned stimuli of food will help reduce hunger cues. However, there is also a natural need and desire for food. There are unconditioned stimuli those signals for us to eat smell, touch, taste, sight of food. The hunger response starts well before food is ingested, and is highly dependent upon hormonal stimuli (gherelin, peptide YY, cholecystokinin, leptin etc). For example, you might think the smell of food increases hunger. But what if you had just stuffed yourself at the All You Can Eat Buffet? The smell of french fries is likely to make you queasy, not hungry. But, if you are susceptible, then hunger starts in the mind. This is known as the cephalic phase response (CPR). Cephalic refers to the brain so these are measurable physical responses to the suggestion of food and lasts for about 10 minutes. The most obvious of these is the Pavlovian response that we discussed previously. Salivation increases immediately upon the expectation, not the actual delivery of food. Interestingly, the amount of salivat Continue reading >>
Cephalic Phase Insulin Secretion Is Katp Channel Independent
Abstract Glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells critically depends on the activity of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP channel). We previously generated mice lacking Kir6.2, the pore subunit of the β-cell KATP channel (Kir6.2−/−), that show almost no insulin secretion in response to glucose in vitro. In this study, we compared insulin secretion by voluntary feeding (self-motivated, oral nutrient ingestion) and by forced feeding (intra-gastric nutrient injection via gavage) in wild-type (Kir6.2+/+) and Kir6.2−/− mice. Under ad libitum feeding or during voluntary feeding of standard chow, blood glucose levels and plasma insulin levels were similar in Kir6.2+/+ and Kir6.2−/− mice. By voluntary feeding of carbohydrate alone, insulin secretion was induced significantly in Kir6.2−/− mice but was markedly attenuated compared with that in Kir6.2+/+ mice. On forced feeding of standard chow or carbohydrate alone, the insulin secretory response was markedly impaired or completely absent in Kir6.2−/− mice. Pretreatment with a muscarine receptor antagonist, atropine methyl nitrate, which does not cross the blood–brain barrier, almost completely blocked insulin secretion induced by voluntary feeding of standard chow or carbohydrate in Kir6.2−/− mice. Substantial glucose-induced insulin secretion was induced in the pancreas perfusion study of Kir6.2−/− mice only in the presence of carbamylcholine. These results suggest that a KATP channel-independent mechanism mediated by the vagal nerve plays a critical role in insulin secretion in response to nutrients in vivo. Continue reading >>
Diet And Cephalic Phase Insulin Responses
Diet and cephalic phase insulin responses Address reprint requests to: Terry L Powley, Laboratory of Regulatory Psychology, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907. Search for other works by this author on: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 42, Issue 5, 1 November 1985, Pages 9911002, T L Powley, H R Berthoud; Diet and cephalic phase insulin responses, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 42, Issue 5, 1 November 1985, Pages 9911002, Cephalic phase digestive responses may be particularly critical in determining our various reactions to different diets, since these responses are the first physiological adjustments to food. The potential importance of the cephalic responses is also underscored by the fact that many of the most important food attributes for humanscolor, appearance, flavor, aroma, and texturecan influence the individual's gastrointestinal physiology solely by affecting these early metabolic responses. The present survey examines in some detail the data available for one of the responses, the cephalic phase insulin response. Specific shortcomings of the existing analyses are discussed. In addition, given the possible significance of these reflexes, several suggestions for improvements of experimental protocols are considered, and a summary of major experimental questions is provided. Continue reading >>
The Role Of Taste In Cephalic Phase Of Insulin Secretion
The effect of a short gustatory signal of a sweet solution was tested on 15 young male volunteers. The experiment consisted of mouth rinsing with either a sucrose or aspartate solution or pure water as a placebo. Blood was then taken in short intervals of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. Blood glucose, C-peptide, insulin and cortisol were determined. While C-peptide and glucose were unaffected, a short-term increase in insulin was observed after the sucrose, but not after the aspartate or placebo. The increase in insulin was significant, though it amounted to only 0.5 mIU/l and lasted approx. 15 min reaching then the starting value. The decline of cortisol level within 20 min of the experiment was approx. 40 nmol/l, although it was also observed after aspartate or placebo mouth rinsing and was probably caused by stress factors or anticipation. In conclusion, the contribution of taste to the cephalic phase of insulin secretion is small yet significant, and mouth rinsing with 5% sucrose causes an insulin increase of just under 1 IU/l, which returns to starting level within 15 min. Continue reading >>
The Cephalic Insulin Response To Meal Ingestion In Humans Is Dependent On Both Cholinergic And Noncholinergic Mechanisms And Is Important For Postprandial Glycemia
We studied the mechanisms and physiological relevance of the cephalic insulin response to meal ingestion in 12 healthy women (age 63 0.4 years; BMI 27.7 1.7 kg/m2). The ganglionic antagonist, trimethaphan, which impairs neurotransmission across parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic ganglia, or atropine or saline was given intravenously during the first 15 min after ingestion of a standard meal (350 kcal). During saline infusion, insulin levels increased during the first 10 min after meal ingestion, whereas the first increase in glucose was evident at 15 min. The preabsorptive 10-min insulin response was reduced by 73 11% by trimethaphan (P = 0.009), accompanied by impaired reduction of glucose levels from 25 to 60 min after meal ingestion ( glucose = 1.27 0.5 [with saline] vs. 0.1 0.4 mmol/l [with trimethaphan]; P = 0.008). This reduction at 2560 min in glucose levels correlated significantly to the 10-min insulin response (r = 0.65, P = 0.024). The 10-min insulin response to meal ingestion was also reduced by atropine, but only by 20 9% (P = 0.045), which was lower than the reduction with trimethaphan (P = 0.004). The preabsorptive insulin response was not accompanied by any increase in circulating levels of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) or glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). In conclusion, 1) the early preabsorptive insulin response to meal ingestion in humans can be largely attributed to autonomic activation mediated by noncholinergic and cholinergic mechanisms, 2) this cephalic insulin response is required for a normal postprandial glucose tolerance, and 3) GIP and GLP-1 do not contribute to the preabsorptive cephalic phase insulin response to meal ingestion. The preabsorptive or cephalic phase insulin response, which lasts for ~10 min, is initiated by meal Continue reading >>
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Sweet Taste: Effect On Cephalic Phase Insulin Release In Men.
Sweet taste: effect on cephalic phase insulin release in men. Physiology & Behavior [01 Jun 1995, 57(6):1089-1095] To determine whether sweet-tasting solutions are effective elicitors of cephalic phase insulin release (CPIR) in humans, two studies were conducted using nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners as stimuli. Normal weight men sipped and spit four different solutions: water, aspartame, saccharin, and sucrose. A fifth condition involved a modified sham-feed with apple pie. The five stimuli were administered in counterbalanced order, each on a separate day. In study 1, subjects tasted the stimuli for 1 min (n = 15) and in study 2 (n = 16), they tasted the stimuli for 3 min. Arterialized venous blood was drawn to establish a baseline and then at 1 min poststimulus, followed by every 2 min for 15 min and then every 5 min for 15 min. In both study 1 and study 2, no significant increases in plasma insulin were observed after subjects tasted the sweetened solutions. In contrast, significant increases in plasma insulin occurred after the modified sham-feed with both the 1 min and 3 min exposure. These results suggest that nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners in solution are not adequate stimuli for the elicitation of CPIR. Continue reading >>
Cephalic Phase - Wikipedia
The cephalic phase of gastric secretion occurs even before food enters the stomach , especially while it is being eaten. It results from the sight, smell, thought, or taste of food, and the greater the appetite , the more intense is the stimulation . Neurogenic signals that cause the cephalic phase of gastric secretion originate from the cerebral cortex and in the appetite centers of the amygdala and hypothalamus .They are transmitted through the dorsal motor nuclei of the vagi and then through the vagus nerve to the stomach. This phase of secretion normally accounts for about 20 percent of the gastric secretion associated with eating a meal. This enhanced secretory activity brought on by the thought or sight of food is a conditioned reflex . It only occurs when we like or want food. When appetite is depressed this part of the cephalic reflex is inhibited. Cephalic phase cause ECL cells to secrete histamine and increase HCl acid in the stomach. There will also be an influence on G cells to increase gastrin circulation. It will also stimulate Chief cells to release Pepsinogen. Thinking of food (i.e. smell, sight) Stimulates cerebral cortex Sends messages to hypothalamus to the medulla oblongata to parasympathetic nervous system by the vagus nerve to stomach (Gastric Glands in walls of fundus and body of stomach ) to secrete gastric juice . (nervous system and hormone system) a. Food enters stomach stomach stretches and activates stretch Receptors sends message to the medulla oblongata ( vagus nerve ) and then back to stomach by the vagus nerve Result: parietal cell secrete gastric juice . b. Chemical Stimuli (i.e. partially digested proteins, caffeine) directly activates G cells (Enteroendocrine Cells) located in the pyloric region of the stomach to secrete gastrin Gast Continue reading >>
Glucose Elicits Cephalic-phase Insulin Release In Mice By Activating K(atp) Channels In Taste Cells.
Glucose elicits cephalic-phase insulin release in mice by activating K(ATP) channels in taste cells. 14 Jun 2017 | Good for Teaching, Interesting Hypothesis, New Finding The sensation of sweetness -- when candy or other sugar-sweetened substances are taken into the mouth -- triggers rapid (2-3 min.) release of insulin known as "cephalic phase insulin release". This new report demonstrates that in mice, it is not simply the sensation of sweetness that triggers this reflex but rather the direct action of glucose on ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP)channels in the... To read the rest of this recommendation and access over 145,000 article recommendations from 3,700+ journals across biomedicine, register Send a recommendation to your institution's librarian or information manager to request an extended free trial for articles in biology and medicine, contributed inclusion in F1000Prime to help you filter recommendations, plus relevant articles as engine clusters of related articles and be alerted as soon as similar articles appear in If you think you should be able to access this content, please contact us . If you've forgotten your password, please enter your email address below and we'll send you instructions on how to reset your password. The email address should be the one you originally registered with F1000. Email address not recognised, please try again We are unable to reset your password, please contact [email protected] to reactivate your account, quoting error code UACC/DEL You registered with F1000 via Google, so we cannot reset your password. If you still need help with your Google account password, please click here . You registered with F1000 via Facebook, so we cannot reset your password. If you still need help with your Facebook account password, please click here . You Continue reading >>
Cephalic Phase Of Insulin Secretion In Response To A Meal Is Unrelated To Family History Of Type 2 Diabetes
Cephalic phase of insulin secretion in response to a meal is unrelated to family history of type 2 diabetes Bjrn Eliasson ,1 Araz Rawshani ,1 Mette Axelsen ,2 Ann Hammarstedt ,1 and Ulf Smith 1,* 1The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 1The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 1The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 1The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 1The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 2Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Writing review & editing: BE AR MA AH US. Received 2016 Nov 3; Accepted 2017 Feb 20. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The pre-absorptive cephalic phase of insulin secretion is elicited during the first ten min of a meal and before glucose levels rise. Its importance for in Continue reading >>
Cephalic Phase, Reflex Insulin Secretion Neuroanatomical And Physiological Characterization
, Volume 20, Supplement1 , pp 393401 | Cite as Cephalic phase, reflex insulin secretion neuroanatomical and physiological characterization Using chronically catheterized, freely moving male Wistar rats, we have shown that the sweet taste of a saccharin solution reliably triggers a rapid cephalic phase insulin response (CPIR), in the absence of any significant change of glycemia. To establish the neural mediation of this reflex response we used rats that were cured from streptozotocin diabetes by intrahepatic islet-transplantation as a denervated B-cell preparation. The complete lack of any saccharin-induced CPIR in these rats suggests that it is indeed mediated by the peripheral autonomic nervous system, and that the insulin-stimulating gastrointestinal hormones are not involved in this response. It was further found that this reflex insulin secretion is not easily extinguishable and thus might have an unconditioned component. To investigate the central neural pathways involved in this reflex response we used both electrophysiological methods in anesthetized and semi-micro CNS manipulations in freely moving rats. On the basis of our preliminary results, and several reports, using the decerebrate rat preparation for measuring behavioral or saliva secretory oral taste reactivity, it appears that CPIR might be organized at the brain stem/midbrain level, receiving strong modulatory influences from the diencephalon. But much further work has to be done to establish the central nervous circuitry. Finally, in two experiments, aiming at the question of how important and physiologically relevant the CPIR might be, we found that, on one hand, its lack can result in pathological oral glucose tolerance and on the other hand its exaggeration might contribute to the behavioral react Continue reading >>
Cephalic Phase Insulin Release In Healthy Humans After Taste Stimulation?
Appetite. 2008 Nov;51(3):622-7. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.04.271. Epub 2008 May 10. Cephalic phase insulin release in healthy humans after taste stimulation? Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 137-139, Rostock, Germany. [email protected] In humans little is known as to whether taste solutions applied to the tongue elicit cephalic phase insulin release (CPIR). The aim of this study was to re-examine if any effect of different taste solutions on CPIR occurs. Under fasting conditions healthy human subjects sipped, and washed out their mouths with eight taste solutions (sucrose, saccharin, acetic acid, sodium chloride, quinine hydrochloride, distilled water, starch, and sodium glutamate) for 45 s and spat them out again. The taste stimuli were not swallowed; they were applied in a randomized order, each on a separate day. Blood collection for determination of plasma glucose and plasma insulin concentrations was performed 3 min before and 3, 5, 7 and 10 min after taste stimulation. Ratings of quality, intensity and hedonic characteristics were also obtained. A significant increase of plasma insulin concentration was apparent after stimulation with sucrose and saccharin. In conclusion, the current data suggest that the sweeteners sucrose and saccharin activate a CPIR even when applied to the oral cavity only. Continue reading >>
Do Artificial Sweeteners Cause Insulin Release?
Do Artificial Sweeteners Cause Insulin Release – Why Do People Care So Much? The search for the answer has reached almost mythical status, and is most commonly asked by those following a low carbohydrate diet, such as the Atkins diet. Lets briefly look at the theory behind the Atkins diet, which is outlined but vastly oversimplified on the Atkins webpage. Very simply put, eating carbohydrates leads to increased sugar in the blood stream (from the breakdown of the carbohydrates) that triggers insulin to be released and allow the sugar to be taken in to cells. Some of this sugar is used for energy, but the rest is stored in cells or converted into fat. On a low carb diet, there are no carbohydrates to turn in to sugar so there is no ‘insulin response.’ The body still needs fuel though, and so one of the things it does to compensate is that it turns to breaking down eaten and stored fats for energy thereby promoting fat loss. Whether this is exactly as it seems or not and the validity behind all the claims is the subject of great debate, and for the purposes of the current article I’m going to steer clear of that and stick to the title question. Sweetening a Low Carb Diet, Is It OK? A very low-carb diet is a tough diet to follow, largely because it means no sugar, no cakes, no chocolates, no sweets, no bread, no rice etc. and due to this a logical solution appears to be the use of artificial sweeteners as a way of making the diet more tolerable. There is some concern however that these sweeteners may lead to the release of insulin, and therefore lead to weight gain or plateaus in weight loss by people using these. There are all sorts of opinions out there on this subject; literally hundreds of forum pages are filled with this, and for each person that says they are Continue reading >>
The Part Of Taste In Cephalic Phase Of Insulin Secretion
Endocrine Abstracts (2016) 41 EP434 | DOI: 10.1530/endoabs.41.EP434 The part of taste in cephalic phase of insulin secretion Hana Pospilov, Michaela Dukov, Hana Jandkov, Monika rmkov, Michal Macourek & Luboslav Strka Author affiliations View ePoster Download ePoster Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic. Background: Secretion of insulin by beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans is a very complex dynamic process that includes basal and stimulated insulin secretion. Two phases, one early and one late, can be distinguished in insulin secretion. The early phase is characterised by the secretion of preformed insulin granules, lasts about 15 min and is formed by cephalic and gastrointestinal components. The cephalic phase of insulin secretion starts by stimulating visual, olfactory and taste receptors. The aim of this study is to show to what extent the concentrations of insulin, C-peptide and cortisol are changed by a simple mouth rinsing with a sucrose or sweetener solution. Methods: Fifteen non-obese voluntary male participants were included in this study. The experiment consisted of mouth rinsing with either a sucrose or aspartate solution or pure water as a placebo. Blood was taken in short intervals of 0, 5, 10 and 20 min. Blood glucose, C-peptide, insulin and cortisol were determined. Results: C-peptide and glucose were unaffected, a short-term increase in insulin was observed after the sucrose, but not after the aspartate or placebo. The decline of cortisol level within 20 min was also observed after aspartate or placebo, it was probably caused by stress factors or anticipation. In conclusion, we proved the contribution of taste to the cephalic phase of insulin secretion. Continue reading >>
