Postnatal Prevention Of Childhood Obesity In Offspring Prenatally Exposed To Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Where Are We Now
Postnatal Prevention of Childhood Obesity in Offspring Prenatally Exposed to Gestational Diabetes mellitus: Where Are We Now Dugas C.a,b,c Perron J.b Kearney M.a, b Mercier R.a, b Tchernof A.a,b,c Marc I.c Weisnagel S.J.c, d Robitaille J.a,b,c aSchool of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; bInstitute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; cEndocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Qubec Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada; dDiabetes Research Unit, Laval University Medical Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada School of Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) Pavillon des services, Room 2729N, Quebec City, QC G1V0A6 Canada Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in utero are at high risk of developing many health problems such as obesity. There is an urgent need to find new strategies to prevent obesity development among high-risk populations such as those children. Accordingly, the aim of this review was to summarize current knowledge on the postnatal prevention of childhood obesity in offspring born from mothers with GDM. Specifically, this review addresses the impact of breastfeeding, complementary feeding practices as well as dietary intake and physical activity during childhood on obesity risk of children exposed to GDM in utero. Furthermore, breast milk composition of diabetic mothers and its potential impact on growth is discussed. According to the available literature, breastfeeding may reduce obesity risk in children exposed to GDM in utero but a longer duration seems necessary to achieve its protective effect against obesity. Detailed analysis of breast milk composition of mothers with GDM will be necessary to fully understand the relationship between Continue reading >>
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Maternal obesity as a risk factor for early childhood type 1 diabetes: a nationwide, prospective, population-based case–control study
- Being Overweight Changes Your DNA, Increasing Risk Of Diabetes For Offspring
Frontiers | Effects Of Vitamin D Deficiency On Incidence Risk Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis | Endocrinology
Front. Endocrinol., 01 February 2018 | Effects of Vitamin D Deficiency on Incidence Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 1Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 2Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 3Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 4Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Introduction: Proper nutrition is important for overall health, and it reduces healthcare costs associated with malnutrition. Many studies have investigated vitamin D deficiency and its role in gestational diabetes and controversial data have reported. A comprehensive consideration of articles in this field provides the possibility of a general study of this relationship. This meta-analysis is an evaluation of the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and gestational diabetes. Material and methods: Different databases (such as PubMed, Science Information Institute, EmBase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library) were searched for studies and eligible English articles published before February 2017 that have reported the risk of gestational diabetes in relation to vitamin D deficiency. This relationship was measured using odds ratios (ORs) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The influence of each study was measured through sensitivity analysis. Funnel plots, Egger regression tests, and the BeggMazumdar correlation test were used to determine bias or publication bias. STATA (version 11.2) was used for all analyses. Results: Twenty-six studies were selected as eligible for this research and included in the final analysis. In general, vitamin Continue reading >>
Quality Of Life In Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Copyright © 2017 Daniela Marchetti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background and Objective. Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) could significantly increase the likelihood of health problems concerning both potential risks for the mother, fetus, and child’s development and negative effects on maternal mental health above all in terms of a diminished Quality of Life (QoL). The current systematic review study is aimed at further contributing to an advancement of knowledge about the clinical link between GDM and QoL. Methods. According to PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies aimed at evaluating and/or improving levels of QoL in women diagnosed with GDM. Results. Fifteen research studies were identified and qualitatively analyzed by summarizing results according to the following two topics: GDM and QoL and interventions on QoL in patients with GDM. Studies showed that, in women with GDM, QoL is significantly worse in both the short term and long term. However, improvements on QoL can be achieved through different intervention programs by enhancing positive diabetes-related self-management behaviors. Conclusion. Future studies are strongly recommended to further examine the impact of integrative programs, including telemedicine and educational interventions, on QoL of GDM patients by promoting their illness acceptance and healthy lifestyle behaviors. 1. Introduction Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as “diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that was not clearly overt d Continue reading >>
- Quality of Life in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Influence of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus on periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review of animal studies
Prevalence Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus And Pregnancy Outcomes In Iranian Women - Sciencedirect
Volume 46, Issue 3 , September 2007, Pages 236-241 Author links open overlay panel ArashHossein-Nezhad ZhilaMaghbooli Ali-RezaVassigh BagherLarijani Open Access funded by Taiwan Association of Obstetrics & Gynecology We investigated the prevalence and outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant Iranian women. A total of 2,416 women, who were consecutive referrals for antenatal care to five university teaching hospitals in Tehran, were recruited. Patients with known diabetes were excluded. All 2,416 women were screened with a 50-g 1-hour glucose challenge test, and any woman with a plasma glucose concentration more than or equal to 130 mg/dL was given a 100-g 3-hour glucose tolerance test. Diagnosis of GDM was according to Carpenter and Coustan's criteria. The remainder served as controls for the study. There were 114 women (4.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.95.6%) who had GDM. Women with GDM had a significantly higher parity and body mass index than non-diabetic women. Women with GDM were also more likely to have a family history of diabetes and a history of poor obstetric outcome. Of the 114 women, 27 (23.6%) were younger than 25 years old, and 16 (14.0%) had no recognizable risk factor for diabetes. The odds ratio (OR) for cesarean section (OR, 2.28; p = 0.0002), macrosomia (OR, 1.93; p = 0.0374), neonatal hypoglycemia (OR, 3.2; p = 0.011) and hypocalcemia (OR, 3.045; p = 0.0195), and still birth (OR, 4.8; p = 0.003) were all significantly higher in women with GDM than non-GDM controls. One out of every 20 pregnant Iranian women will develop GDM, with significantly increased odds of adverse maternal and fetal outcome. The significant proportion of young and/or risk factor-free women in our sample means that there seems to be a case for universal GD Continue reading >>
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Improved pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes but substantial clinic-to-clinic variations: a prospective nationwide study
- World Diabetes Day - Research uncovering link between gut health and pregnancy outcomes
Gestational Diabetes: A Clinical Update
Ulla Kampmann , Lene Ring Madsen , Gitte Oeskov Skajaa , Ditte Smed Iversen , Niels Moeller , and Per Ovesen Ulla Kampmann, Lene Ring Madsen, Niels Moeller, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark Gitte Oeskov Skajaa, Ditte Smed Iversen, Per Ovesen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark Author contributions: Kampmann U designed and wrote the manuscript; Madsen LR, Skajaa GO, Iversen DS and Moeller N wrote the manuscript; Ovesen P wrote the manuscript and generated the table. Correspondence to: Ulla Kampmann, MD, PhD, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Nrrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark. kd.purtspo@allu Telephone: +45-2-2370857 Fax: +45-8-9492072 Received 2014 Aug 28; Revised 2015 Feb 14; Accepted 2015 Apr 16. Copyright The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing in prevalence in tandem with the dramatic increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age. Much controversy surrounds the diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes, emphasizing the importance and relevance of clarity and consensus. If newly proposed criteria are adopted universally a significantly growing number of women will be diagnosed as having GDM, implying new therapeutic challenges to avoid foetal and maternal complications related to the hyperglycemia of gestational diabetes. This review provides an overview of clinical issues related to GDM, including the challenges of screening and diagnosis, the pathophysiology behind GDM, the treatment and prevention of GDM an Continue reading >>
- Leeds diabetes clinical champion raises awareness of gestational diabetes for World Diabetes Day
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS): clinical and therapeutic implications for type 2 diabetes
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
We are experimenting with display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC. The ePub format uses eBook readers, which have several "ease of reading" features already built in. The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. You may notice problems with the display of certain parts of an article in other eReaders. Generating an ePub file may take a long time, please be patient. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects between 2% and 5% of pregnant women. Data show that increasing levels of plasma glucose are associated with birth weight above the 90th percentile, cord blood serum C-peptide level above the 90th percentile, and, to a lesser degree, primary cesarean deliveries and neonatal hypoglycemia. Risk factors for GDM include history of macrosomia, strong family history of diabetes, and obesity. Screening protocol for GDM is controversial; some recommend a universal approach, whereas others exempt low-risk patients. The cornerstone of management is glycemic control. Quality nutritional intake is essential. Patients with GDM who cannot control their glucose levels with diet alone will require insulin. There is no consensus as to when to initiate insulin therapy, but more conservative guidelines are in place to help minimize macrosomia and its associated risks to the infant. It is generally recommended that pregnancies complicated by GDM do not go beyond term. Key words: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Plasma glucose, Hyperglycemia, Glycemic control, Insulin Pregnancy confers a state of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia that may predispose some women to develop diabetes. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurs when a womans pancreatic function is not sufficient to overcome the diabetogenic environment of pregnancy. GDM is defined as glucose in Continue reading >>
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Timing of Delivery in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Need for Person-Centered, Shared Decision-Making
- Quality of Life in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Prospective Study Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk In Relation To Maternal Recreational Physical Activity Before And During Pregnancy
Prospective Study of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk in Relation to Maternal Recreational Physical Activity before and during Pregnancy American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 159, Issue 7, 1 April 2004, Pages 663670, Jennifer C. Dempsey, Tanya K. Sorensen, Michelle A. Williams, I-Min Lee, Raymond S. Miller, Edward E. Dashow, David A. Luthy; Prospective Study of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk in Relation to Maternal Recreational Physical Activity before and during Pregnancy, American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 159, Issue 7, 1 April 2004, Pages 663670, Physical activity has been associated with a reduced risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, but inferences have been hampered by recall and selection bias. The authors examined the relation between recreational physical activity before and during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in a prospective cohort study. In 19962000, 909 normotensive, nondiabetic women in Seattle and Tacoma, Washington, were questioned during early gestation about physical activity performed during the year before and 7 days prior to the interview during pregnancy. Compared with inactive women, women who participated in any physical activity during the year before experienced a 56% risk reduction (relative risk (RR) = 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21, 0.91). Women spending 4.2 hours/week engaged in physical activity experienced a 76% reduction in gestational diabetes mellitus risk (RR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.64), and those expending 21.1 metabolic equivalent-hours/week experienced a 74% reduction (RR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.65) compared with inactive women. Physical activity during pregnancy was also associated with reductions in gestational diabetes mellitus risk. Women who engaged in physical activity during Continue reading >>
- Maternal obesity as a risk factor for early childhood type 1 diabetes: a nationwide, prospective, population-based case–control study
- Excessive fruit consumption during the second trimester is associated with increased likelihood of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective study
- Relation of total sugars, fructose and sucrose with incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Educational And Intervention Programmes For Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (gdm) Management: An Integrative Review
Volume 23, Issue 1 , March 2016, Pages 103-114 Educational and intervention programmes for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) management: An integrative review Author links open overlay panel Mary C.Carolan-OlahPhD Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious pregnancy disorder, which is linked to stillbirth, birth damage and later development of type 2 diabetes. Rates of GDM have increased dramatically in the past 20 years, related to obesity, sedentary lifestyles and ethnicity. The aim of this integrative review was to identify and to critically review existing self-management programmes for GDM. A search for studies published between 2000 and 2013 was conducted on: PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, OvidSP, ProQuest, SCOPUS and Wiley online library. GDM search terms included gestational diabetes mellitus; GDM, pregnancy diabetes. Search terms for self-management programmes, included educational programmes; lifestyle intervention; exercise, diet, weight management in pregnancy; life-style interventions. Fifty papers were located in the search, and 12 were included in the review. Interventions fell into three main groups: (1) dietary and exercise interventions; (2) self-monitoring of blood glucose levels; and (3) counselling/behavioural interventions. This review found that although interventions varied in approach, most were successful in reducing insulin requirements; in reducing rates of macrosomia and hypertensive disorders, and in improving levels of knowledge and pregnancy outcomes. Only one study found that the intervention did not contribute some positive outcome. Interventions that include adopting a low glycemic index diet and increasing levels of activity appear to be successful at reducing maternal blood glucose levels and reducing insulin requirements during p Continue reading >>
- Olive oil in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and intervention trials
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Role of Medical Nutrition Therapy in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
The Short-term Health And Economic Burden Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In China: A Modelling Study
Abstract Objectives Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with a higher risk for adverse health outcomes during pregnancy and delivery for both mothers and babies. This study aims to assess the short-term health and economic burden of GDM in China in 2015. Design Using TreeAge Pro, an analytical decision model was built to estimate the incremental costs and quality-of-life loss due to GDM, in comparison with pregnancy without GDM from the 28th gestational week until and including childbirth. The model was populated with probabilities and costs based on current literature, clinical guidelines, price lists and expert interviews. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results. Results On average, the cost of a pregnancy with GDM was ¥6677.37 (in 2015 international $1929.87) more (+95%) than a pregnancy without GDM, due to additional expenses during both the pregnancy and delivery: ¥4421.49 for GDM diagnosis and treatment, ¥1340.94 (+26%) for the mother’s complications and ¥914.94 (+52%) for neonatal complications. In China, 16.5 million babies were born in 2015. Given a GDM prevalence of 17.5%, the number of pregnancies affected by GDM was estimated at 2.90 million in 2015. Therefore, the annual societal economic burden of GDM was estimated to be ¥19.36 billion (international $5.59 billion). Sensitivity analyses were used to confirm the robustness of the results. Incremental health losses were estimated to be approximately 260 000 quality-adjusted life years. Conclusion In China, the GDM economic burden is significant, even in the short-term perspective and deserves more attention and awareness. Our findings indicate a clear need to implement GDM prevention and treatment strategies at a national Continue reading >>
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Type 1 Diabetes and Intimacy: Reducing Burden in the Bedroom
- Excessive fruit consumption during the second trimester is associated with increased likelihood of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective study
National Study Of The Prevalence Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Danish Women From 2004 To 2012
Aims: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing worldwide. We studied the prevalence of GDM from 2004 to 2012 in Danish women aged 15–49 years using registries with records of the diagnosis of GDM at delivery. Methods: We conducted a national register-based study of 12,538 women with a diagnosis of GDM during a pregnancy leading to a live birth in the period 2004–2012. The diagnosis of GDM was taken from the National Patient Registry and combined with the total number of births at the national level from Statistics Denmark. Prevalence estimates were reported as crude and age-standardized using Danish and international data for women aged 15–49 years. Results: A total of 566,083 live births was registered in Denmark from 2004 to 2012. The age-standardized prevalence of GDM increased from 1.7% (1095/63,465) of the total births in 2004 to 2.9% (1721/56,894) of the total births in 2012. During the period 2004–2012, the age-stratified prevalence increased from 1.1 to 1.8% among women aged 15–24 years, from 1.5 to 2.6% among women aged 25–34 years and from 2.9 to 4.7% among women aged 35–49 years. The prevalence was higher among immigrants and their descendants than in native Danish women (4.06 and 2.09% in 2007 vs. 4.51 and 2.72% in 2012, respectively). Conclusions:The prevalence of GDM in Denmark has increased across all age groups. Although the prevalence is low on a global scale, attention should be paid to this development by preventive health services. [1] Hod, M, Kapur, A, Sacks, DA The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) initiative on gestational diabetes mellitus: A pragmatic guide for diagnosis, management, and care. Int J Gynecol Obst 2015;131:S173–211. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline [2] Damm, P, Continue reading >>
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- The effect of insulin on bone mineral density among women with type 2 diabetes: a SWAN Pharmacoepidemiology study
- Increased Prevalence in Diabetes Among Chinese Adults
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Update And Review Of Literature
Received date: May 09, 2011; Accepted date: June 18, 2012; Published date: June 20, 2012 Citation: Cheung KW, Wong SF (2012) Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Update and Review of Literature. Reproductive Sys Sexual Disord S2:002. doi: 10.4172/2161-038X.S2-002 Copyright: 2012 Cheung KW, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Gestational diabetes mellitus has been associated with various maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes. Screening and subsequent treatment are associated with short term benefit. With the recent recommended diagnostic criteria by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups and increasing rate of obesity, the prevalence will continue to rise. It remains uncertain whether this new diagnostic criteria is cost effective or beneficial. Interventions include lifestyle modification, oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin. The encouraging result and safety profile with oral hypoglycaemic agents may provide a safe alterative to insulin in patients who fail lifestyle modification. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined by glucose intolerance of variable severity with onset of first recognition during pregnancy [ 1 ]. Hyperglycaemia during pregnancy is found to be associated with various maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes [ 2 , 3 ]. Their offsprings will have a life-long increase risk of glucose intolerance, obesity and metabolic syndrome whereas the mothers will have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes in the future [ 4 ]. The detection of GDM during pregnancy provides an opportunity to identify women at risk of Continue reading >>
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Quality of Life in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
- Olive oil in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and intervention trials
Diabetes Mellitus And Pregnancy
Initiate testing early enough to avoid significant stillbirth but not so early that a high rate of false-positive test results is encountered. In patients with poor glycemic control, intrauterine growth restriction, or significant hypertension, begin formal biophysical testing as early as 28 weeks. In patients who are at lower risk, most centers begin formal fetal testing by 34 weeks. Fetal movement counting is performed in all pregnancies from 28 weeks onward. There is no consensus regarding antenatal testing in patients with gestational diabetes that is well controlled with diet. Monitoring fetal growth continues to be a challenging and imprecise process. Although currently available tools (serial plotting of fetal growth parameters based on ultrasonographic measurement) are superior to those used previously for clinical estimations, accuracy is still only within 15%. [ 95 ] In the obese fetus, the inaccuracies are further magnified. In 1992, Bernstein and Catalano reported that significant correlation exists between the degree of error in the ultrasonogram-based estimation of fetal weight and the percentage of body fat on the fetus. [ 96 ] Perhaps this is the reason no single formula has proven to be adequate in identifying a macrosomic fetus with certainty. Despite problems with accuracy, ultrasonogram-based estimations of fetal size have become the standard of care. Estimate fetal size once or twice at least 3 weeks apart in order to establish a trend. Time the last examination to be at 36-37 weeks' gestation or as close to the planned delivery date as possible. Select the timing of delivery to minimize morbidity for the mother and fetus. Delaying delivery to as near as possible to the expected date of confinement helps maximize cervical maturity and improves the Continue reading >>
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Diabetes and Pregnancy: Fluctuating Hormones and Glucose Management
- Olive oil in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and intervention trials
Jci -gestational Diabetes Mellitus
1Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Physiology and Biophysics, and 2Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA. Address correspondence to: Thomas A. Buchanan, Room 6602 GNH, 1200 North State Street, Los Angeles, California 90089-9317, USA. Phone: (323) 226-4632; Fax: (323) 226-2796; E-mail: [email protected] . Find articles by Buchanan, T. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar 1Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Physiology and Biophysics, and 2Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA. Address correspondence to: Thomas A. Buchanan, Room 6602 GNH, 1200 North State Street, Los Angeles, California 90089-9317, USA. Phone: (323) 226-4632; Fax: (323) 226-2796; E-mail: [email protected] . Find articles by Xiang, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar Published in Volume 115, Issue 3 (March 1, 2005) J Clin Invest.2005;115(3):485491. . Copyright 2005, The American Society for Clinical Investigation. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance of various degrees that is first detected during pregnancy. GDM is detected through the screening of pregnant women for clinical risk factors and, among at-risk women, testing for abnormal glucose tolerance that is usually, but not invariably, mild and asymptomatic. GDM appears to result from the same broad spectrum of physiological and genetic abnormalities that characterize diabetes outside of pregnancy. Indeed, women with GDM are at high risk for having or developing diabetes when they are not pregnant. Thus, GDM provides a unique opportunity to study the early pathogenesis of diabetes and to develop interventions to pr Continue reading >>
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Timing of Delivery in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Need for Person-Centered, Shared Decision-Making
- Quality of Life in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Gestational diabetes mellitus, temporary condition in which blood sugar ( glucose ) levels increase during pregnancy and return to normal after delivery. A healthy pregnancy is characterized by increased nutrient utilization, increased insulin resistance, and increased insulin secretion. Blood glucose concentrations tend to be lower in pregnant women than in nonpregnant women because the mother is supplying glucose to the growing fetus . All pregnant women have some degree of insulin resistance as a result of the normal secretion of several placental hormones, including placental growth hormone , placental lactogen, progesterone , and corticotropin-releasing hormone , which stimulates the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the pituitary gland and cortisol in the adrenal glands . In some cases, insulin resistance is increased by excessive weight gain during pregnancy. If insulin secretion does not increase sufficiently to counter the insulin resistance imposed by these changes, gestational diabetes occurs. The condition is diagnosed when blood glucose concentrations reach 92125 mg per 100 ml (5.16.9 mmol/l) after fasting or when blood glucose concentrations equal or exceed 180 mg per 100 ml (10.0 mmol/l) one hour after ingesting a glucose-rich solution or reach 153199 mg per 100 ml (8.511.0 mmol/l) two hours after ingesting the solution. The frequency worldwide of gestational diabetes varies from about 1 to 15 percent of pregnant women. The large variability in frequency is partly due to the fact that there is no widely agreed upon definition of gestational diabetes. However, no matter how it is defined, it is more common among obese women and African American and Asian women than among women of European descent. The outcomes of gestational diabetes als Continue reading >>
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Timing of Delivery in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Need for Person-Centered, Shared Decision-Making
- Quality of Life in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Screening Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Role Of Maternal Age
Abstract Using a specific cutoff of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) to screen gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can reduce the use of oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). Since the prevalence of GDM increases with age, this screening method may not be appropriate in healthcare systems where women become pregnant at older ages. Therefore, we aimed to develop a screening algorithm for GDM that takes maternal age into consideration. We included 945 pregnant women without history of GDM who received 75g OGTT to diagnose GDM in 2011. Screening algorithms using FPG with or without age were developed. Another 362 pregnant women were recruited in 2013–2015 as the validation cohort. Using FPG criteria alone, more GDM diagnoses were missed in women ≥35 years than in women <35 years (13.2% vs. 5.8%, p <0.001). Among GDM women ≥35 years, 63.6% had FPG <92 mg/dL (5.1 mmol/L). Use of the algorithm with an “age plus FPG” cutoff could reduce the use of OGTT (OGTT%) from 77.6% to 62.9%, while maintaining good sensitivity (from 91.9% to 90.2%) and specificity (from 100% to 100%). Similar reduction in OGTT% was found in the validation cohort (from 86.4% to 76.8%). In the simulation, if the percentage of women ≥35 years were 40% or more, the screening algorithm with an “age plus FPG” cutoff could further reduce OGTT% by 11.0%-18.8%. Figures Citation: Kuo C-H, Chen S-C, Fang C-T, Nien F-J, Wu E-T, Lin S-Y, et al. (2017) Screening gestational diabetes mellitus: The role of maternal age. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0173049. Editor: Emilio Russo, University of Catanzaro, ITALY Received: August 23, 2016; Accepted: February 14, 2017; Published: March 15, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Kuo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, Continue reading >>
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Role of Medical Nutrition Therapy in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
- Maternal obesity as a risk factor for early childhood type 1 diabetes: a nationwide, prospective, population-based case–control study
