Growth Hormone, Steroids And Diabetes
If you check the medical literature for side effects of growth hormone use, you’ll note that diabetes often makes the list. A common effect of GH use is insulin resistance, which is considered a harbinger of full-blown diabetes. In fact, insulin resistance is often called “pre-diabetes.” Estimates are that as many as 50 million Americans fit the criteria for insulin resistance. GH enters the picture because it triggers the release of large amounts of free fatty acids into the blood. The free fatty acids, in turn, interfere with the uptake of glucose, or blood sugar, into cells, and the body attempts to compensate by producing more insulin. Insulin aides glucose uptake into cells, but as the body continues to release large amounts of insulin, the cells become resistant to it. Hence the insulin resistance. Bodybuilders and other athletes are aware of this GH side effect. They often counter it by adding insulin injections to their drug stacks, which serves two purposes: 1) It counters the hyperglycemia, or elevated blood glucose, brought on by GH-induced insulin resistance; 2) it has anticatabolic effects in muscle, and when used with GH and anabolic steroids, it appears to add a layer of anabolic efficiency. Insulin also favors amino acid uptake into muscle and triggers the enzyme that produces muscle glycogen, an effect that creates a fuller-appearing muscle. Of course, using insulin is not without its dangers. Injecting it without taking in carbohydrate can lead to a disastrous drop in blood glucose. That, in turn, can cause a person to pass out suddenly or, depending on the dose used, lapse into a coma. The coma effect has actually happened to several well-known professional bodybuilders. Luckily, they all survived. Then there are the aesthetic side effects of us Continue reading >>
Diabetes From Growth Hormone Excess
Diabetes Secondary to Endocrine and Pancreatic Disorders Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Ghigo E, Porta M (eds): Diabetes Secondary to Endocrine and Pancreatic Disorders. Front Diabetes. Basel, Karger, 2014, vol 22, pp 1-9 I have read the Karger Terms and Conditions and agree. I have read the Karger Terms and Conditions and agree. Buy a Karger Article Bundle (KAB) and profit from a discount! If you would like to redeem your KAB credit, please log in . Save over 20% compared to the individual article price. Buy Cloud Access for unlimited viewing via different devices Immediate access to all parts of this book * The final prices may differ from the prices shown due to specifics of VAT rules. This chapter tries to address the fascinating interplay between the glucose-insulin system and the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor 1 system from the angle of GH excess. As these two systems are so closely linked, one might expect that when GH secretion is pathologically increased, the glucose-insulin system must adapt to this - and indeed it does. In acromegaly, diabetes - or at least impaired glucose tolerance - is the result of GH excess. The medical treatment modalities for acromegaly have interesting and diverse effects on glycemic control. As many of these aspects are also important for the discernment of the metabolic differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, we believe that the reader might obtain a better understanding of the (patho)physiology of the link between glycemic control and GH secretion. Unger RH: Glucoregulatory hormones in health and disease: a teleologic model. Diabetes 1966;15:500-506. Catt KJ: Growth hormone. Lancet 1970;1:933-939. Melmed S: Medical progress: acromegaly. N Engl J M Continue reading >>
Human Growth Hormone Transforms Diabetes Research
Human growth hormone transforms diabetes research Too much sitting could increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, regardless of exercise A growth hormone gene that had an unintended effect on insulin production in mice has been hailed as a key variable in diabetes research . Researchers at KU Leven, Belgium, expected the DNA of a human growth hormone , inserted alongside other modified DNA, to remain encapsulated tightly in the modified DNA of a mouse. However, the mice began producing their own growth hormone, with pregnancy-like symptoms observed despite the mice not being pregnant. These symptoms were due to the human growth hormone, according to KU Leven professor Professor Frans Schuit, which had the same effect as hormones that are produced in pregnant mice by the placenta. These findings have further reaching consequences for diabetes. "Just as in pregnancy, the cells in the pancreas that are responsible for the production of insulin change. They increase in number and begin to produce more insulin . And that happens to be exactly what we study in diabetes research ," explained Schuit. The researchers now believe the results of around 250 published studies on genetically modified mice need to be reinterpreted to assess the effect of the human growth hormone, and how it influences insulin production. "We have to continue verifying our methods with a critical eye, even if it means that research advances at a slower pace," Schuit added. "For diabetes research, this unexpected turn is an important step forward. Now that the haze around the artificial growth hormone has been cleared, scientists can plan future research with a clear vision." Continue reading >>
Insulin-like Growth Factor (igf): What You Should Know
What is insulin-like growth factor (IGF)? IGF is a hormone that your body makes naturally. It used to be known as somatomedin. IGF, which comes mainly from the liver, acts a lot like insulin. IGF helps to control growth hormone secretion in the pituitary gland. IGF works with growth hormones to promote growth and development of bone and tissue. These hormones also affect how your body metabolizes sugar, or glucose. IGF and insulin can work together to rapidly reduce the level of glucose in your blood. If you have diabetes, your body doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use it properly. You need insulin to process glucose for energy. Insulin helps to distribute glucose to cells throughout your body while reducing glucose in your blood. Read more: The best diabetes iPhone and Android apps of 2015 » In a 2010 study, lower IGF levels were associated with diabetes. Those findings were for people under age 65 who didn’t have cardiovascular disease. The researchers adjusted for a variety of other factors, including serum cholesterol, lifestyle, and body mass index. Researchers couldn’t make the IGF-diabetes association in people over age 65. Low levels of IGF may be linked to the increased secretion of growth hormones in people with type 1 diabetes. Growth hormone concentrations in people with diabetes are 2 to 3 times higher than in people who don’t have diabetes. Abnormal levels of IGF and growth hormones may also play a role in the complications of diabetes. A link appears to exist between obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer risk. Some studies indicate a connection between these diseases and higher levels of IGF, insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers. A simple blood test can determine how much IGF you have in your blood. Doctors may also order this test w Continue reading >>
Growth Hormone Deficiency And Type 2 Diabetes Risk
Growth Hormone Deficiency and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Besides widely discussed symptoms such as developmental abnormalities, fatigue, lack of memory, and mental health problems, growth hormone deficiency (GHD) may result in an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), according to the results of a study. A team led by researchers in Berchem, Belgium, argue that GHD is associated with obesity and visceral fat deposits which may raise patients risk of developing T2DM. In the study, Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in 6050 hypopituitary patients with adult-onset growth hormone (GH) deficiency before GH replacement - a KIMS analysis, the researchers took a closer look at the connection between GHD and T2DM. The study was published online ahead of print in December 2012. It appears in the European Journal of Endocrinology. The researchers looked at data on 6,050 patients with adult-onset, untreated GHD from KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database). They performed Poisson-regression analyses to search for associations between the patients baseline characteristics and diabetes prevalence. The prevalence of diabetes was positively associated with age, body mass index, waist circumference, number of pituitary deficiencies, and family history of diabetes, among other factors. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of diabetes among patients with GHD was 9.3%, compared to an expected 8.2%, derived from the patients baseline characteristics. The factors that were most likely to affect the difference between expected and observed diabetes prevalence proportions were patients age and their body mass indexes. The researchers conclude that their study demonstrates an increased prevalence of diabetes among patients with growth hormone deficiency. They Continue reading >>
Payperview: Growth Hormone And Diabetes Mellitus - Karger Publishers
A Review of Sixty-Three Years of Medical Research and a Glimpse into the Future? Snksen P.H. Russell-Jones D. Jones R.H. I have read the Karger Terms and Conditions and agree. The diabetogenic action of pituitary extracts containing growth hormone has been recognised for more than 60 years and the importance of growth hormone in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy for more than 30 years. Hypophysectomy was the first effective treatment for retinopathy but was discontinued because of the risk of severe hypoglycaemia that it produced and the development of an alternative, less dangerous therapy -photocoagulation. The precise role and significance of growth hormone in diabetes care, however, remains to this day a mystery. The fact that modern, highly purified biosynthetic preparations of growth hormone still retain full diabetogenic potency and the fact that diabetes develops in up to 25% of patients with acromegaly indicate growth hormones potential for involvement in the aetiology of diabetes mellitus, although most will agree that this is not likely to be an important factor in the large majority of idiopathic cases. There is strong evidence to indicate a substantial hypersecretion of growth hormone in idiopathic diabetes mellitus (particularly insulin-dependent cases and those with retinopathy), which appears to be more related to residual pancreatic insulin secretion than to metabolic control. Since the advent of biosynthetic growth hormone in sufficient quantity to perform trials in adults, we are more aware of growth hormones considerable potency in the regulation of body composition, growth factor production and intermediary metabolism. In this article, we review the literature and, from this and our own work, propose a new hypothesis which lin Continue reading >>
- A Guide to HGH (Growth Hormone) and Diabetes in 2017
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Diabetes Insipidus (DI) vs SIADH Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone NCLEX Review
Human Growth Hormone Can Cause Diabetes
With all the talk lately about both professional athletes and celebrities who are being named as users of the human growth hormone (HGH), I thought it would be a good idea to talk about the findings which show that human growth hormone causes diabetes. Studies are showing that excess levels of HGH can cause some pretty serious health problems. Human Growth Hormone effects many areas of the body which includes effecting the maintenance and function of pancreatic islets. So does this mean that everyone who has used HGH will develop diabetes? Coach Wade Wilson of the Dallas Cowboys did. No. When used appropriately human growth hormone will most likely not up your chances for developing diabetes. But, we’re not really talking about using human growth hormone appropriately are we? We’re talking about the recent investigation into professional athletes and celebrities using HGH for purposes other than what it is intended for. Administered at higher doses the human growth hormone can have some pretty positive side effects. These include: lower body fat, increased muscle mass, increased energy, restoring elasticity in skin, positively effecting the general mood of a person, ability to health from injury quicker and the ability to fight off common illnesses more effectively. Sounds pretty good right? Along with the good comes the bad. Here are some possible negative side effects of HGH when administered at higher doses: pituitary tumors, thickening of bones in the jaw, toes and finger known as acromegaly which in turn causes problems of it’s own, muscle weakness, INSULIN RESISTANCE, TYPE 2 DIABETES, enlarging of the heart, and reduced sexual function. Those are some pretty serious negative side effects caused by HGH. Not to mention all the bad feelings people will have tow Continue reading >>
Blood Sugar & Other Hormones
Other hormones also affect blood sugar. Glucagon, amylin, GIP, GLP-1, epinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone also affect blood sugar levels. Glucagon: Made by islet cells (alpha cells) in the pancreas, controls the production of glucose and another fuel, ketones, in the liver. Glucagon is released overnight and between meals and is important in maintaining the body’s sugar and fuel balance. It signals the liver to break down its starch or glycogen stores and helps to form new glucose units and ketone units from other substances. It also promotes the breakdown of fat in fat cells. In contrast, after a meal, when sugar from the ingested food rushes into your bloodstream, your liver doesn’t need to make sugar. The consequence? Glucagon levels fall. Unfortunately, in individuals with diabetes, the opposite occurs. While eating, their glucagon levels rise, which causes blood sugar levels to rise after the meal. WITH DIABETES, GLUCAGON LEVELS ARE TOO HIGH AT MEALTIMES GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) and amylin: GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) and amylin are other hormones that also regulate mealtime insulin. GLP-1 and GIP are incretin hormones. When released from your gut, they signal the beta cells to increase their insulin secretion and, at the same time, decrease the alpha cells’ release of glucagon. GLP-1 also slows down the rate at which food empties from your stomach, and it acts on the brain to make you feel full and satisfied. People with type 1 diabetes have absent or malfunctioning beta cells so the hormones insulin and amylin are missing and the hormone GLP1 cannot work properly. This may explain, in part, why individuals with diabetes do not suppress gl Continue reading >>
Managing Diabetes With Human Growth Hormone
Diabetes is no doubt a dreaded medical condition, especially when you consider there is no known medical cure for it. The best patients can do in most cases is to find a way to manage it. But when talking about diabetes management, you will hardly find human growth hormone (HGH) among the list of available options. It is being said that the hormone can be helpful in this regard, however, due to the effect it produces on insulin action and glucose absorption. Understanding Diabetes Diabetes mellitus is a medical condition which is characterized by the body’s inability to properly process. Most carbohydrates entering into the body are converted into glucose (a form of sugar), a rise in the level of which causes the hormone insulin to be secreted by the pancreas. Insulin helps to transport the glucose in the blood to parts of the body where it stored as fuel or energy until needed. There are two types of this disorder, namely: Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. Type 1 is caused by insufficient insulin production by the pancreas, while Type 2 occurs when sufficient level of the hormone is produced but body cells have become resistant or insensitive to it causing glucose to remain in the bloodstream. HGH and Diabetes Growth hormone is sometimes described as master hormone due to the effect it produces on several other hormones and processes in the body. In the past, HGH was thought to be needed for children growth and development, but its benefits have since been observed to extend beyond this group. Among its many benefits the hormone has been identified to be useful for those with diabetes. Decline in HGH levels and increased insulin resistance become more common as people get older – as early as the 30s – and these lead to greater risk of suffering from this disor Continue reading >>
Growth Hormone Treatment Tied To Diabetes In Kids
Growth hormone treatment tied to diabetes in kids NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Type 2 diabetes is eight and a half times more common among children in the United States treated with growth hormone than among kids who are not on the hormone treatment, a new study shows. The researchers, based at the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly, found that of more than 11,000 kids who took growth hormone, 11 were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes after treatment started, while none of them had type 2 diabetes before treatment. An additional 26 kids had an impaired ability to process blood sugar, which is often a precursor to type 2 diabetes. The children in the study received growth hormone for a variety of conditions, including a deficiency of the hormone, very short stature, or genetic disorders such as Prader-Willi syndrome or Turner syndrome. All the patients at some point in their treatment took Humatrope, a growth hormone marketed by Eli Lilly. The company has been monitoring children on the growth hormone to detect any unexpected side effects of the drug. The study, which is published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, did not compare the children who took growth hormone to children with similar health conditions who did not take the hormone; rather, the researchers compared them to a large group of kids in the general population. According to the National Institutes of Health, about 8 out of every 100,000 kids aged 10 to 19 are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes each year. For comparison, the rate seen in the kids on growth hormone represents 100 out of every 100,000. Dr. Christopher Child, the lead author of the study and a researcher at Lilly Research Center in England, told Reuters Health in an email that he was not surprised to see a larger proportion of di Continue reading >>
Growth Abnormalities In Children With Type 1 Diabetes, Juvenile Chronic Arthritis, And Asthma
Copyright © 2014 Cosimo Giannini et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Children and adolescents with chronic diseases are commonly affected by a variable degree of growth failure, leading to an impaired final height. Of note, the peculiar onset during childhood and adolescence of some chronic diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and asthma, underlines the relevant role of healthcare planners and providers in detecting and preventing growth abnormalities in these high risk populations. In this review article, the most relevant common and disease-specific mechanisms by which these major chronic diseases affect growth in youth are analyzed. In addition, the available and potential targeting strategies to restore the physiological, hormonal, and inflammatory pattern are described. 1. Introduction During childhood and adolescence, the longitudinal growth of bones represents one of the most relevant changes of the body composition [1]. Bone growth occurs at different rates and results from complex mechanisms involving a multitude of regulatory hormones. These events are directly influenced by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors [1–4]. Nutritional status represents one of the most relevant factors affecting these interactions. However, several other factors, and especially chronic diseases, might also strongly modulates these complex mechanisms. In fact, chronic diseases, by directly or indirectly modulating bone and hormonal status, may affect growth and final height of subjects with a disease onset during childhood or adolescence. S Continue reading >>
High Growth-hormone Levels In Diabetic Ketoacidosisa Possible Cause Of Insulin Resistance
THE demonstration by Roth, Glick, Berson, and Yalow1 that 2-deoxyglucose administration is associated with a rise in plasma-growth hormone concentration suggested that intracellular deficiency of glucose is a stimulus to growth hormone release. Since insulin lack would, presumably, create a similar deficit of intracellular glucose, it seemed possible that severe diabetic ketoacidosis might be characterized by excessive secretion of growth hormone. An excess of endogenous growth hormone secondary to insulin lack might well account for the high insulin requirements so typical of the initial hours of severe diabetic ketoacidosis. The subsequent rapid decrease in insulin requirements which accompanies adequate insulin therapy could be explained by a decrease in growth-hormone secretion as insulin permits glucose entry into cells. The foregoing consideration prompted the following investigation of growth-hormone concentration (HGH) in diabetic patients before and after treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis. Methods The six patients included in this study, were admitted consecutively Continue reading >>
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The Role Of Growth Hormone In Diabetes Mellitus.
Abstract The insulin and growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis are two endocrine systems that are interlinked at many levels. GH is one of the glucose counter-regulatory hormones, rising in response to hypoglycaemia, it has both intrinsic hyperglycaemic actions and causes insulin resistance. Both IGF-I and its receptor have high structural and functional homology to insulin and its receptor. Insulin can regulate IGF-I production, acting on the GH receptor or at a post-receptor site. Conversely IGF-I is thought to have a permissive effect on the pancreatic insulin response to glucose. Growth is compromised in poorly controlled diabetic children; however, a causal link with altered GH/IGF-I levels has not been proven. Insulin-dependent diabetes clearly causes derangements in the GH/IGF-I axis. In poorly controlled diabetics GH levels are invariably raised whilst normal or low levels of IGF-I are found, indicating a dissociation between the two factors. Altered IGF-binding protein levels are also found, with high levels of small binding protein and low levels of large binding protein. These derangements are probably the result of interactions at many levels although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. Raised GH levels could result from altered hypothalamic/pituitary control or reduced feedback inhibition. The latter could, in turn, result from low IGF-I levels, reduced availability of IGF-I to relevant receptors or increased levels of inhibitors (possibly the small binding protein). Low IGF-I levels could be directly due to deficient insulin levels or simply to lack of available circulating binding protein. Alternative or altered molecular forms of circulating GH in diabetes seem unlikely on present evidence. That GH has an effect on glyc Continue reading >>
What Relationship Exists Between Diabetes And Growth Hormone?
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Growth Hormone And Diabetes Mellitus
The diabetogenic action of pituitary extracts containing growth hormone has been recognised for more than 60 years and the importance of growth hormone in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy for more than 30 years. Hypophysectomy was the first effective treatment for retinopathy but was discontinued because of the risk of severe hypoglycaemia that it produced and the development of an alternative, less dangerous therapy -photocoagulation. The precise role and significance of growth hormone in diabetes care, however, remains to this day a mystery. The fact that modern, highly purified biosynthetic preparations of growth hormone still retain full diabetogenic potency and the fact that diabetes develops in up to 25% of patients with acromegaly indicate growth hormones potential for involvement in the aetiology of diabetes mellitus, although most will agree that this is not likely to be an important factor in the large majority of idiopathic cases. There is strong evidence to indicate a substantial hypersecretion of growth hormone in idiopathic diabetes mellitus (particularly insulin-dependent cases and those with retinopathy), which appears to be more related to residual pancreatic insulin secretion than to metabolic control. Since the advent of biosynthetic growth hormone in sufficient quantity to perform trials in adults, we are more aware of growth hormones considerable potency in the regulation of body composition, growth factor production and intermediary metabolism. In this article, we review the literature and, from this and our own work, propose a new hypothesis which links the hypersecretion of growth hormone to reduced hepatic secretion of insulin-like growth-factor I (IGF-I) as a direct result of reduced portal insulin levels in diabetes mel Continue reading >>
- A Guide to HGH (Growth Hormone) and Diabetes in 2017
- Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4)
- Diabetes Insipidus (DI) vs SIADH Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone NCLEX Review
